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Biomedical subjects

P B van Cauwenberge

Publications and source records attributed to P B van Cauwenberge.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Revised terminology for allergies and related conditions].

The European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology has proposed a revised terminology for allergic and allergy-related reactions that can be used independently of target organ of patient age group. The proposed terminology is based on the present knowledge of the mechanisms which initiate and mediate allergic reactions. 'Hypersensitivity' is an umbrella term, 'allergy' involves a hypersensitivity reaction which is initiated by an immunological mechanism, and 'atopy' is an individual or familial tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens, and is accompanied by the typical symptoms or asthma, rhino-conjunctivitis or eczema/dermatitis. Each condition should be categorised als 'allergic/not allergic', and the allergic conditions should be further categorised as 'IgE-mediated/non IgE-mediated' (sometimes: 'IgE-associated'). Terms which are no longer in use include: 'idiosyncrasy' (this will now become 'hypersensitivity'); 'pseudo-allergy' ('non-allergic hypersensitivity'); 'extrinsic', 'intrinsic', 'endogenous' and 'exogenous asthma' ('allergic' (possibly 'IgE-mediated') and 'non-allergic asthma'); 'atopic eczema' ('atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome'; 'allergic (possibly 'EgE-mediated') or 'non-allergic'); 'intrinsic' and 'cryptogenic variants of eczema' (non-allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrom'); 'food intolerance' (non-allergic food hypersensitivity') and 'anaphylactoid reaction' ('non-allergic anaphylaxis').

Europe↗
PubMed2002

[Revised terminology for allergies and related conditions].

The European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology has proposed a revised terminology for allergic and allergy-related reactions that can be used independently of target organ or patient age group. The proposed terminology is based on the present knowledge of the mechanisms which initiate and mediate allergic reactions. 'Hypersensitivity' is an umbrella term, 'allergy' involves a hypersensitivity reaction which is initiated by an immunological mechanism, and 'atopy' is an individual or familial tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens, and is accompanied by the typical symptoms or asthma rhino-conjunctivitis or eczema/dermatitis. Each condition should be categorised as 'allergic/not allergic', and the allergic conditions should be further categorised as 'IgE-mediated/non IgE-mediated' (sometimes: 'IgE-associated'). Terms which are no longer in use include: 'idiosyncrasy' (this will now become 'hypersensitivity'); 'pseudo-allergy' ('non-allergic hypersensitivity'); 'extrinsic', 'intrinsic', 'endogenous' and 'exogenous asthma' ('allergic' (possibly 'IgE-mediated') and 'non-allergic asthma'); 'atopic eczema' ('atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome': 'allergic (possibly 'IgE-mediated') or 'non-allergic'); 'intrinsic' and 'cryptogenic variants of eczema' ('non-allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome'); 'food intolerance' ('non-allergic food hypersensitivity') and 'anaphylactoid reaction' ('non-allergic anaphylaxis').

Allergens↗
PubMed2000

Cineradiography of the pharyngoesophageal segment in postlaryngectomy patients.

The use of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses has gained wide acceptance in the field of vocal rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. In a randomized study with 3 arms, alaryngeal speech proficiency was assessed in 60 postlaryngectomy patients: 20 patients underwent primary unilateral pharyngeal myotomy, 21 patients underwent neurectomy of the pharyngeal plexus in addition to pharyngeal myotomy, and 19 patients did not undergo an additional surgical procedure. Pharyngoesophageal (PE) dynamics were examined during esophageal and tracheoesophageal speech. A single vibrating PE segment was seen in good alaryngeal speakers. Hypertonicity, spasm, strictures, and hypotonicity of the PE segment were correlated significantly with poor or moderate alaryngeal speech. Unilateral myotomy with or without unilateral neurectomy prevented hypertonicity or spasm of the PE segment. The acquisition of alaryngeal speech did not differ significantly between the 2 groups who had undergone an additional surgical procedure. Evaluation of anatomic and physiological factors may be helpful in subsequent clinical management to achieve effective alaryngeal speech.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Choice of a tone-pip envelope for frequency-specific threshold evaluations by means of the middle-latency response: normally hearing subjects and slope of sensorineural hearing loss.

The effects of stimulus rise-fall and plateau times on the middle-latency response (MLR) waveform (Na-Pa amplitude and Pa latency) were investigated in 14 normally hearing subjects and an objective MLR threshold was evaluated at low and middle frequencies in ten normally hearing subjects and ten patients with slope of sensorineural hearing loss, using a selected stimulus-envelope time. After analyzing the effects of envelope times on the MLR waveform and the spectra of tone-pips, it was found that a rise-fall time of 4 ms with a plateau of 2 ms (4-2-4) is an acceptable compromise between a synchronous discharge and frequency specificity for estimating the MLR threshold. The MLR threshold produced by 4-2-4 tone-pips approximated the psychoacoustic threshold at low and middle frequencies in the normal and hearing impaired subjects. This demonstrates the clinical usefulness of the MLR in estimating low- and middle-frequency thresholds.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical characteristics and diagnostic delay of head and neck cancer: results from a prospective study in Belgium.

A prospective study of head and neck cancer patients was started to gather information about topographic and clinical characteristics of head and neck cancer, alcohol and nicotine abuse and the delay in diagnosis. More than half of the patients consulted our institution with an advanced stage of disease. As was expected, we found a positive association between the size of the tumour and the clinical stage of the neck. Concerning nicotine and alcohol abuse, our results support the hypothesis that tobacco smoking is more strongly associated with lesions in sites heavily exposed to inhaled smoke, whereas alcohol consumption has a stronger effect on structures belonging to the 'food channel' and reservoir systems. We found no association between delay and tumour stage at diagnosis, but a statistically significant correlation was found between the delay and the tumour site. This leads us to conclude that the tumour stage is determined mostly by the biology of the tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The adenoid as a key factor in upper airway infections.

The adenoids (and the nasopharynx) play a key role in the normal functioning and in various pathologies of the upper respiratory tract. In this paper the role of adenoidal pathology and the beneficial effect of adenoidectomy in some upper respiratory tract and facial anomalies and diseases are discussed; otitis media with effusion, recurrent acute otitis media, sinusitis, snoring and sleep apnea and abnormal patterns in the midface growth and development.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1993

The microbiology of acute and chronic sinusitis and otitis media:a review.

There exists no real controversy about the role of aerobic bacteria in acute sinusitis and in acute otitis media. The "infernal trio" Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are by far the most common pathogens in these acute infections. On the contrary, there is still much debate about the normal flora of the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, although there are some reports of the presence of anaerobes and aerobes in the majority of the normal paranasal sinuses. In chronic sinusitis bacteriological cultures show a greater variation than those in acute sinusitis. Nonetheless, it is demonstrated in most studies that besides the "infernal trio" additional bacteria are present, including anaerobes and gram negative bacteria. In otitis media with effusion (OME) we find the same bacteria as in acute otitis media (AOM) and a pathologic flora in the nasopharynx seems to be important for both AOM and OME. In chronic otitis cultures are nearly always positive and reveal Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus species and anaerobes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Oncocytoma of the nasopharynx.

The case of a patient with a nasopharyngeal oncocytoma is described. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of oncocytoma are reviewed in light of the present literature.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between nasal patency and clearance.

Nasal airway patency and nasal clearance were measured bilaterally on six different test days in ten subjects. Nasal patency was evaluated using anterior rhinomanometry and clearance was measured using a dyed saccharin method. The results showed large intra- and inter-subject variances in the clearance times. Clearance times determined by the saccharin taste method were shorter than those determined by the dye method, but these measures were positively correlated. Also, the mean clearance rate was directly related to the mean nasal conductance. In seven of ten subjects, the clearance rate for a given side of the nasal passage was relatively faster when that side was the more patent. These results suggest that the clearance rate is a function of the patency of the nasal passage and may also exhibit alternating cyclic fluctuations.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology of common cold.

The epidemiology of common cold and the role of some predisposing factors were studied by examining 2065 healthy children, aged 2.5-6 years. The examination included a questionnaire, completed by the parents, a general physical examination, a clinical E.N.T.-examination and various technical investigations. The mean annual incidence of common cold was 2.43 (as was reported by the parents) and 5 when taking into consideration the time span between the last episode of common cold and the date of examination. Mucoid and purulent rhinitis were less frequently found in older children. A positive history of upper respiratory tract infections in the parents showed to be the most important risk factor for the occurrence of infectious rhinitis in the children. The higher the weight of the child, the lower the incidence of common cold and the fewer pathological rhinoscopical findings. Children with a head circumference below the 2.5 percentile had the highest incidence of infectious rhinitis. Humid housing conditions showed to be connected with a higher incidence of infectious rhinitis. Children of parents with a higher profession had more rhinitis than children of labourers. Smoking habits of the parents had only little effect on the rhinological status of children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Clinical use of rhinomanometry in children.

To investigate Passive Anterior Rhinomanometry (PAR), several clinical experiments were set up to explore in children aged 3-6 years the nasal resistance in various normal and pathological situations, in order to determine the role of rhinomanometry in clinical situations in young children. It was shown that the nasal cycle in children differs greatly from that in adults, showing a regular undulating pattern of nasal resistance, but without alternating phenomena. There are also quite regular fluctuations with a short period of about 90 s. Physical exercise and changes in body position have also, in children, a definite influence on nasal resistance. PAR in various pathological situations of the nasal cavity gave a wide range of individual results. It was, however, found that children with a nasal septum deviation, with a pronounced nasal edema, and with serous and purulent nasal secretions had a higher nasal resistance than children without nasal pathology. Because of the spontaneous and evoked changes in nasal resistance in children and because of the large standard deviations of nasal resistance values in pathological situations, clinicians should interpret the results of a one-time rhinomanometrical measurement very carefully.

Airway Resistance↗