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Biomedical subjects

P Barbier

Publications and source records attributed to P Barbier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Solubilization and promoter analysis of RNA polymerase from rice stripe virus.

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with rice stripe virus was dissociated from viral RNA (vRNA) by CsCl centrifugation. The solubilized RNA-free RNA polymerase transcribed a model RNA template 50 nucleotides in length carrying the 5'- and 3'-terminal conserved sequences of all four genome RNA segments. A 3'-terminal half molecule of the model template was also active as a template. Hence, we propose that the 3'-terminal conserved sequence serves as a promoter for the rice stripe virus-associated RNA polymerase. The solubilized enzyme, however, was unable to transcribe vRNA. The failure of the solubilized enzyme to transcribe vRNA is discussed in relation to the apparent loss of RNA polymerase activity after treatment of virions with high concentrations of salt.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Oxaflozane overdose in a child.

A case of severe poisoning in a 2 year-old child who ingested 150 mg of oxaflozane, a non-tricyclic antidepressant, is reported. After loss of consciousness, opisthotonos and coma, recovery was obtained with conservative treatment. Atropine-like symptoms were noted. The maximal plasma concentration of oxaflozane was 63 ng/mL. The elimination half-life for N-dealkyloxaflozane was 4.8 h.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1992

Seizure with hyponatremia in a child prescribed desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis.

We report a case of hyponatremia associated with a grand mal seizure in a 28 month-old child after intra-nasal desmopressin administration for high fluid intake with nocturnal enuresis. In view of the temporary symptomatic action and the seriousness of certain side-effects of desmopressin we recommend that desmopressin be used with caution in childhood enuresis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics of medication errors in pediatrics.

A six-month prospective study was carried out by 16 poison control centers in France to assess the epidemiology of medication errors in pediatrics. In this study, 1108 medication errors were analyzed. Mean population age was 3.2 years (median 2 years, range 3 days-15 years), and 30 percent of the children were under 1 year of age. The most frequent error characteristics were family responsibility, 87 percent (a member of the patient's family most often committed the error in medication use); parental prescribing decision, 31.5 percent (medication administered to the child by the parents without medical consultation or the advice of a pharmacist); incorrect execution of the prescription by the parents, 30 percent (error in dispensing, route of administration, etc.); oral forms, 52 percent (errors occurred most frequently with oral as opposed to other forms); incorrect dosage, 31.5 percent; and drug error, 30 percent (the drug dispensed was not the one prescribed). Iatrogenic injury occurred in 186 patients (17 percent) and 161 were hospitalized (15 percent). The majority of these were for surveillance only. The clinical outcome caused by medication error was unfavorable in two cases. The types of drugs most frequently misused included morphinic cough suppressants (9.5 percent), salicylates (9.1 percent), and ear, nose, and throat drops (9 percent); 459 proprietary medicines were specified. Prevention of medication errors should involve certain main requirements: formulations and package instructions specific to pediatric patients to ensure appropriateness and accuracy, detailed information given to patients by physicians and pharmacists about their prescriptions, and more public information concerning the risks of remedies or medication administered to children by parents who do not seek medical advice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The use of flumazenil in a neonate.

Side effects of benzodiazepines used during pregnancy are described in a neonate. Recurrent apnea was reversed after administration of flumazenil, a specific antagonist of benzodiazepines.

Apnea↗
PubMed1991

Effects of prenatal exposure to diazepam on exploration behavior and learning retention in mice.

Diazepam (2 mg/kg, DZP) or placebo were administered by oral gavage throughout gestation in 40 mice. The automatic hole board test for mice (Boissier and Simon) was used to measure the locomotor activity and the number of holes explored by the offspring (mean age 30.6 days). During the first test, this number represents curiosity. Its progressive decrease when the test is repeated (4 times at 1-day intervals) is a consequence of learning retention. In the first test, neither curiosity nor activity were linked with the mother's treatment or sex. During the next tests, there was no difference in locomotor activity between DZP and placebo groups. However, the DZP exposed pups explored fewer holes than controls. Although there was a tendency towards greater activity in the female group, the number of holes explored in the placebo group was significantly higher in females than in males. Paradoxically, this difference in learning memory function which exists between control males and females was not observed in the DZP group, corresponding to an impaired learning retention.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Variation in the nucleotide sequence of a prolamin gene family in wild rice.

Variation in the DNA sequence of the 10 kDa prolamin gene family within the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon was probed using the direct sequencing of PCR-amplified genes. A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of eight Asian strains of O. rufipogon and one strain of the related African species O. longistaminata is presented.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Digestive origin of Campylobacter septicemias].

Whilst the animal origin fo human Campylobacteriosis is generally accepted, its epidemiology remains ill understood. Animal contact prior to a Campylobacter septicaemia is only rarely found. The frequent occurrence of episodes of diarrhoea immediately prior to the onset has led to a suspicion of a digestive portal of entry. Our aim is to provide incontrovertible proof of this hypothesis, reporting the results of systematic stool examinations for Campylobacter in the stools as well as 5 new cases of septicaemia.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1976

Importance of protease inhibition in studies on purified factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor).

According to some authors factor VIII procoagulant activity may be dissociable from carrier protein (MW approximately 2 X 10(6) by agarose gel filtration, e.g. at high ionic strength. We were able to reproduce this phenomenon. However, addition of protease inhibitor (Trasylol) prevented the appearance of low molecular weight peak of factor VIII procoagulant activity both at high ionic strength and elevated temperature (37 degrees C). We conclude from our results that procoagulant activity and carrier protein (von Willebrand factor, factor VIII antigen) are closely associated functional sites of native factor VIII macromolecule. Consequently, proteolytic degradation should be avoided in functional and structural studies on factor VIII and especially in preparing factor VIII concentrate for therapeutic use.

Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal risks with dextrans during delivery.

Epidural analgesia for caesarean section is increasingly used and is gradually replacing general anaesthesia. Hypotension is one of the main risks: preloading of the maternal circulation is used to prevent maternal hypotension and its consequences. For this, various colloid and crystalloid solutions are used. We report a case of maternal anaphylactoid reaction with apparent death in a neonate after dextran administration to the mother. After 100ml of a dextran 40 solution administered intravenously, immediately before an epidural blockade, the mother fainted and developed urticaria and mild respiratory disturbances, without hypotension. At that point dextran infusion was stopped. An apparently dead neonate was rapidly delivered. Immediate and vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation was successful. Clonismus appeared 12h later, followed by 3 general epileptic fits treated by phenytoin infusion and subsequently oral phenobarbital. No aetiology was found. After 2 months of treatment, barbiturates were stopped following clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) improvement. Several similar cases of neonatal disorders resulting from preventive dextran administration during delivery were studied in a national pharmacovigilance survey in France. There were 32 cases reported with moderate maternal anaphylactoid reaction associated with severe acute fetal distress; it is probably advisable to take a cautious approach and avoid preventive fluid preload by dextran administration. Gelatins or crystalloid solutions should be preferred, with intravenous vasopressive amine administered promptly and repeated if necessary should significant maternal hypotension occur during epidural anaesthesia.

Anaphylaxis↗