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Biomedical subjects

P Baxter

Publications and source records attributed to P Baxter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetics of carprofen administered intravenously to sheep.

Carprofen was administered intravenously to sheep at two dose rates (0.7 and 4.0 mg kg-1), and the pharmacokinetics of the drug studied. Plasma concentrations of the drug were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Carprofen had a small volume of distribution (Vd[area], 95.5 and 118.4 ml kg-1), a prolonged elimination half-life (t1/2 beta, 26.1 and 33.7 hours) and a slow body clearance rate (Clb, 2.5 ml kg-1 h-1) in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fecundity of anthelmintic resistant adult Haemonchus contortus after exposure to ivermectin or benzimidazoles in vivo.

A strain of Haemonchus contortus resistant to the benzimidazoles, ivermectin and salicylanilides was used to study the effect of exposure to ivermectin or oxfendazole on the number of eggs produced by adult female parasites. After anthelmintic administration there was a reduction in the faecal egg count of the infected lambs. Ivermectin caused a reduction in the number of eggs within adult parasites for up to 72 hours but this returned to higher than pre-treatment levels at 168 hours after treatment. After oxfendazole treatment there was an increase in the number of eggs stored in the adult parasites at 24 hours and then a significant reduction in the number of eggs for over 168 hours. This suggested that both ivermectin and oxfendazole have a deleterious effect on the reproductive potential of female H contortus although the parasites are resistant to these drugs. These results confirm the importance of allowing up to 10 days to elapse between the time of administration of an anthelmintic and the collecting of faecal samples when using the faecal egg count reduction test to identify anthelmintic resistance, especially when using benzimidazoles. The more prolonged effect on fecundity produced by oxfendazole may reflect the antimitotic action of the benzimidazole anthelmintics.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Encephalomyelitis with seroconversion to Listeria monocytogenes.

A previously healthy girl recovered from a lymphocytic encephalomyelitis with brain stem involvement after antibiotic and steroid treatment. Cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid were negative, but she seroconverted to Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4. Antilisterial treatment should be considered in similar cases.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1990

Enhanced intestinal glucose and alanine transport in cystic fibrosis.

The rise in short-circuit current associated with the active transport of glucose and alanine was measured in intestinal biopsy samples from children with cystic fibrosis. The glucose-induced increase in the short-circuit current was greater in the cystic fibrosis tissues than in control samples over the whole range of concentrations tested (2.5-35 mM), a reflection of an increased maximum rate of transport. Similar results were obtained with alanine. These findings suggest that active Na(+)-linked nutrient transport is enhanced in cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Water secretion and embryological layers in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis primarily affects tissues containing secretory epithelia, but not all of them become diseased. The distribution of clinical disease corresponds closely to the effect on net anion-linked water secretion, which is reduced across epithelia of endodermal and mesodermal origin but not those of ectodermal origin. Although the gene is expressed in all secretory epithelia, its effects on water secretion are bypassed in those of ectodermal origin.

Body Water↗
PubMed1988

Role of a separate subcutaneous cerebro-spinal fluid reservoir in the management of hydrocephalus.

A retrospective survey has been carried out on 56 children with shunted hydrocephalus either with a primary idiopathic cause or as a result of a low spina bifida complex. In all 56 children, a separate reservoir has been inserted at some stage in the management of their hydrocephalus. There was no mortality. Morbidity was not increased from CSF infection or shunt blockage. There was less chance of the initial shunt blocking and there was a lesser incidence of visual and schooling handicap. Double cortical puncture did not result in an increased incidence of hemiplegia or epilepsy. We conclude that a separate reservoir greatly eases the management of these children and does not cause significant increased morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Salivary flow rate, protein and electrolyte concentrations in chronic alcoholic patients.

Stimulated and unstimulated parotid salivas were examined in a series of non-cirrhotic patients under treatment for alcohol dependence and in age-sex matched, non-alcoholic, healthy, control subjects. Resting salivary flow was raised threefold in the alcohol group and the protein and electrolyte concentrations were also altered in this saliva. However, there were no intergroup differences in parotid flow or composition following gustatory stimulation by 6% citric acid. The results contrast with the wide parotid functional changes known to occur in stimulated parotid saliva in alcoholic cirrhosis and suggest, therefore, that the direct salivary effects of chronic alcohol abuse may be less important than the damaged liver function in contributing to the salivary disturbance reportedly occurring in alcoholic cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Penicillin therapy of spontaneous streptococcal meningitis in pigs.

Oral prophylactic medication with either procaine penicillin G or a mixture of chlortetracycline, sulphadimidine and procaine penicillin G reduced the incidence of streptococcal meningitis in a herd of pigs with a high recorded prevalence of the disease, but to a significant extent (P less than 0.01) only in those pigs receiving procaine penicillin G. Subsequent studies showed that after oral administration of procaine penicillin G, benzylpenicillin was detectable in plasma only at very low concentration and similar results were obtained using the potassium salt of penicillin G. However, phenoxymethyl penicillin administered orally provided high plasma concentrations of this drug. A further investigation demonstrated that despite the low plasma concentrations of penicillin after oral administration of the procaine salt, gastrointestinal and urinary concentrations of the drug were relatively high for up to five hours.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Work therapy and return to work.

In summary, data were selected for 1 year on patients treated in the Work Tolerance Program at the Hand Rehabilitation Center in Philadelphia. The type of information obtained has been used to obtain a profile of the patient population in the Work Tolerance Program. Statistical analysis was used, not only to formulate patient demographics, but also to evaluate the length of treatment of patients in the Work Tolerance Program. This period averaged 6 weeks. The statistical analysis also revealed there was significant interaction between the type of injury and the patient's diagnosis, and the rate of return to work. The patients with injuries to bone and nerve required longer periods of treatment until they returned to work than did patients with injuries to soft tissue or combination injuries. Our statistical analysis revealed that in 1982, 75 per cent of the patients in the Work Tolerance Program returned to work to regular or modified jobs. The length of time from injury to return to work was 63 per cent longer for patients with Workers' Compensation coverage than for patients with private insurance coverage. Because the statistical analysis that 60 per cent of the patients treated in the Work Tolerance Program were Workers' Compensation insured, and 80 per cent of the patients treated in the Work Tolerance Program were secondarily referred, it should be recognized that all patients with severe hand injuries would benefit from an immediate referral to a Hand Rehabilitation Center of excellence to facilitate their therapeutic management and expedite their recovery from time of injury to return to work. This study was restricted to the analysis of length of treatment and rate of return to work. Future studies should study the effect of early referral and the application of specific treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acute renal failure following cardiopulmonary bypass in children: results of treatment.

Following open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, 18 (4%) of 441 operated children required treatment with peritoneal dialysis for acute renal failure or refractory oliguria. Nine recovered renal function (50%) and 5 (28%) survived. Only 2 died from renal causes. Despite both adequate symptomatic treatment of renal failure and few complications of dialysis itself, the prognosis remains poor, even with early treatment, but an aggressive approach is justified because some survivors can be expected.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Effect of feeding on the fate of orally administered phenylbutazone, trimethoprim and sulphadiazine in the horse.

Phenylbutazone, sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were administered to three horses on two occasions, recently fed and unfed, and the effect of feeding on the pharmacokinetics of the three drugs assessed. The mean peak concentrations of phenylbutazone and trimethoprim were reduced by feeding by 34 and 75 per cent, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine were not significantly affected.

Animals↗