French autochthonous scrapied sheep without the 136Val PrP polymorphism.
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Alanine↗
Biomedical subjects
P Beaudry
Publications and source records attributed to P Beaudry.
A new point mutation in the prion protein gene at codon 210 in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
We screened 16 cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and 28 healthy control subjects to detect possible polymorphisms in their prion protein gene (PRNP). The molecular analysis of the PRNP coding sequence was performed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction products and direct sequencing. We identified (1) a silent mutation at codon 177 in a healthy individual, (2) a codon 200 glutamate-to-lysine substitution in a 48-year-old CJD-affected Libyan Jew, and (3) a G-to-A point substitution at codon 210, leading a valine-to-isoleucine change, in a 63-year-old French CJD patient. This new mutation occurs in a highly conserved part of the PRNP coding sequence, close to the known CJD-associated codon 200 mutation, and might be linked to a symptomatologic and neuropathologic pattern of typical sporadic CJD. This mutation was also present in a sister of the patient who died at the age of 67 without neurologic symptomatology.
Aged↗
A dose-finding study with remoxipride in the acute treatment of schizophrenic patients.
Two hundred and forty-two patients with acute schizophrenia were enrolled in a double-blind, comparative, dose-finding study of a novel antipsychotic, remoxipride. Remoxipride was evaluated in a low (30 to 90 mg), medium (120 to 240 mg) and a high (300 to 600 mg) dose range and compared with a haloperidol (15 to 45 mg), which was administered to a similar group of patients. The results support the antipsychotic effect of remoxipride, with maximum efficacy occurring at daily doses between 120 mg and 600 mg. Side-effects were more frequent at doses of remoxipride over 300 mg. In all groups, remoxipride caused consistently fewer extrapyramidal side-effects than haloperidol. The antipsychotic effect of remoxipride may be derived from specific blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the mesolimbic tract. The findings also suggest that remoxipride may have a therapeutic effect on negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
Effect of therapeutic plasma concentrations of theophylline on behavior, cognitive processing, and affect in children with asthma.
A double-blind, randomized, crossover study assessed the effects of theophylline on behavior, mood, and efficiency of cognitive processing. Thirty-one children aged 8 to 12 years with moderate asthma were randomly assigned to 10-day theophylline followed by placebo or to placebo followed by theophylline experimental conditions separated by 2-day washout periods. Theophylline plasma concentrations and pulmonary function tests were performed throughout the study. Cognitive functioning tests and self-report measures were administered at baseline and after each medication phase. Behavior ratings were obtained from parents and teachers. Parents' and teachers' ratings did not reflect a theophylline effect on attention or activity level; children's self-reports showed no changes in mood, and no statistically significant differences were found on measures of cognitive processing. Large individual differences in sensitivity to theophylline effects were present. Although most of the children tolerated theophylline well, those already having attentional or achievement problems appeared vulnerable to adverse effects. Individual response differences should be a focus of future studies.
Affect↗
Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis.
1. Supersensitivity psychosis (SSP) has emerged as a potential side-effect of long term neuroleptic therapy similar to tardive dyskinesia. 2. Five schizophrenic patients with SSP and considered to be drug-resistant were treated with antiepileptic drugs. All 5 improved initially, and in three the improvement was maintained at follow-up. 3. The proposed mechanism of action of the antiepileptic drugs is through correcting a pharmacological kindling effect in the limbic system which results from chronic neuroleptic therapy.
Adult↗
Zopiclone and triazolam in insomnia associated with generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled evaluation of efficacy and daytime anxiety.
In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, following a 1 week washout, 75 outpatients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with severe insomnia as the target symptom were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of treatment with zopiclone 7.5 mg, triazolam 0.5 mg or placebo at bedtime. Zopiclone was significantly better than placebo on most sleep parameters. Triazolam tended to be superior to placebo, but its superiority was significant only on the sleep induction factor. Triazolam-treated patients presented significantly more day-time-interdose anxiety than zopiclone as assessed by the weekly HARS and Clinical Global Assessment of Anxiety. Although daytime-interdose anxiety was observed with both drugs, this treatment emergent symptom was more frequent and severe with triazolam. Side-effects were of a mild to moderate intensity for both zopiclone and triazolam; however, taste perversion frequently appeared with zopiclone. Although both drugs share similar pharmacological properties and bind to benzodiazepine receptors, they differ significantly with respect to side-effects and daytime anxiety.
Adult↗
Carbamazepine in psychiatry: a review.
Carbamazepine is a tricyclic compound structurally related to imipramine that has been used since the 1960's for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgias and then approved as an anticonvulsant in the U.S. in 1974. In the last decade the use of carbamazepine has been expanded to include the treatment of certain disorders of mood and behaviour. In this paper possible clinical applications of carbamazepine in psychiatry are reviewed along with its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. Also discussed are adverse reactions and drug interactions which are relevant to its use.
Aggression↗
Effect of nitroglycerin on left ventricular hydraulic load.
It has previously been shown that nitroglycerin increases the compliance of forearm arteries. The present study investigates whether nitroglycerin reduces the hydraulic load on the heart (as measured by aortic input impedance) by a mechanism compatible with an increase in peripheral arterial compliance. In eight subjects, measurements of aortic flow and pressure were made with a catheter tipped probe before and during intravenous nitroglycerin (6 to 30 micrograms/min) administration. The reduction of aortic systolic pressure (129 +/- 5 to 113 +/- 4 mmHg, P less than 0.001) was due to a decrease in the late systolic pressure peak. There was no change in stroke volume, heart rate or systemic vascular resistance. The lower systolic pressure resulted from a decrease in the amplitude of the first harmonic of input impedance (210 +/- 19 to 143 +/- 11 dyne.s.cm-5, P less than 0.005) yet characteristic impedance (a measure of local aortic distensibility) did not change. The ratio of maxima to minima of the impedance spectrum was reduced (1.02 +/- 0.09 to 0.71 +/- 0.11, P less than 0.05) suggesting a decrease in the amplitude of reflected waves contributing to aortic impedance. Nitroglycerin at doses which have no effect on arteriolar resistance vessels, reduces systolic aortic pressure by diminishing the amplitude of wave reflections returning to the ascending aorta in late systole. This mechanism is compatible with the peripheral arterial effects of nitroglycerin.
Hemodynamics↗
Comparison of withdrawal of buspirone and diazepam: a placebo controlled study.
In a 8-week double-blind placebo controlled study, 48 outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder were randomized to diazepam, buspirone, a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic, or placebo. During the treatment phase of 4 weeks duration diazepam was found to be significantly better than placebo and buspirone. Following abrupt withdrawal by placebo substitution the diazepam group showed a gradual relapse maximal after two weeks while the buspirone and the placebo groups did not differ. There were more cases of rebound anxiety with diazepam as compared to buspirone or placebo. In addition, there were three early terminations related to rebound anxiety in the diazepam group while there were none in the placebo and buspirone groups. There were significantly more new symptoms in the diazepam group than in the placebo or buspirone group.
Adult↗
Plasma lipids in juvenile chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
Plasma lipid parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) were measured in 7 children with juvenile chronic granulocytic leukaemia, of whom 3 were with and 4 without xanthomas. In all cases, whatever the stage of the disease, these parameters were extremely altered. Plasma triglycerides were generally increased, total and HDL cholesterols were very low. No relationship seems to exist between these values and the occurrence of xanthomas.
Child↗
Bromazepam and lorazepam in generalized anxiety: a placebo-controlled study with measurement of drug plasma concentrations.
Sixty outpatients with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of treatment with bromazepam, lorazepam or placebo, following a 1-week placebo washout period. There was no significant difference in the anxiolytic effects of bromazepam and lorazepam, both of which were superior to placebo. However, lorazepam-treated patients tended to have a more depressed mood than those treated with bromazepam. Drug-treated patients had consistently less cognitive impairment than those treated with placebo, the difference being statistically significant (P less than .05) in the case of bromazepam. The most frequent side-effects reported with each drug were drowsiness, which tended to subside with time, and depression, which tended to emerge toward the end of the 4-week period. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.64) between age and bromazepam plasma concentration per unit dose, adjusted for weight, and a negative correlation (r = -0.50) between weight and lorazepam plasma concentration per unit dose, adjusted for age.
Adolescent↗
Clonazepam in the treatment of patients with recurrent panic attacks.
Imipramine, phenelzine, and alprazolam have each been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of panic disorder and in agoraphobia with panic attacks. Clonazepam is a high-potency 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative with an intermediate to long elimination half-life that is used mainly in neurology as an antiepileptic. Eight cases of recurrent panic attacks successfully treated with clonazepam are reported.
Adult↗
An open clinical trial of clonazepam in the treatment of patients with recurrent panic attacks.
Imipramine, phenelzine and alprazolam have each been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of panic disorder and in agoraphobia with panic attacks. Clonazepam, a 1,4 benzodiazepine derivative used mainly in neurology as an anti-epileptic, has specific pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties which would make it an advantageous antipanic agent. We report 8 cases of recurrent panic attacks which were successfully treated with clonazepam.
Adult↗
The effect of nutritional rehabilitation on whole body protein metabolism of children with cystic fibrosis.
The effect of an increased energy and protein intake was studied on the whole body protein metabolism of 4- to 9-yr-old children with cystic fibrosis. The study was divided into an initial 1-yr period, followed by a treatment period of the same length. Rates of protein turnover were determined using a [15N]glycine label and the Picou and Taylor-Roberts model. The children had significantly higher intakes during the treatment year and grew faster. Nitrogen retention and utilization were significantly increased during the treatment year (p less than 0.01). There were no changes seen in whole body amino nitrogen flux, or protein synthesis rates. However, protein breakdown rates were significantly reduced during the treatment period, with the result that net anabolism (synthesis-breakdown) was increased (p less than 0.05). The protein synthesis rates of about 6 g/kg/day were similar to those reported for healthy children of the same age. It was concluded that the changes in protein turnover seen were in response to the nutritional intervention and not to the children's basic genetic disease process.
Amino Acids↗
Efficacy and withdrawal of two potent benzodiazepines: bromazepam and lorazepam.
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Adult↗
The cholesterol content of HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions of high density lipoproteins in different normocholesterolemic populations.
Two normocholesterolemic populations, selected for either high triglyceridemia or low HDL cholesterol content, both known to have increased artery disease risks, were studied for their cholesterol content in HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. These subfractions were isolated by a precipitation method. The results showed that, in both populations, total HDL cholesterol values were similar and HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol content were decreased when compared with a control population. In percentage of total HDL cholesterol, the HDL2 cholesterol subfraction appeared significantly diminished only in female subjects for both populations studied.
Adolescent↗
[Determination of urinary xanthurenic acid after oral loading of L-tryptophan in 88 cases of photodermatosis].
Disturbances in the kynurenine pathway are present in pellagra and pellagroid syndromes. In 88 photodermatoses, the authors found increased urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid after oral load of tryptophan in a number of light-induced eruptions, i.e. benign summer photodermatosis (40%), polymorphous light eruptions (37%), and persistent light reactions (36%) as well as in patients with acute alcoholic intoxication. These biochemical abnormalities in the kynurenine pathway allow for a pathogenetic approach in some photodermatoses.
Administration, Oral↗
Modification of biological activities of Ricinus communis agglutinin by cross-linking with formaldehyde.
Formaldehyde treatment of Ricinus communis agglutinin, a nonmitogenic toxic 120 000 molecular weight (MW) lectin, yielded two distinct protein fractions: one was heterogeneous and contained high molecular weight lectin polymers (greater than 120 000), and the other was a homogeneous 120 000 MW protein. Both fractions lost their cytotoxicity after formaldehyde treatment and stimulated thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes. Binding of both treated lectin fractions to lymphocytes exhibited positive cooperativity, whereas binding of untreated lectin did not.
Adult↗