PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Binkerd

Publications and source records attributed to P Binkerd.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Valproic acid developmental toxicity and pharmacokinetics in the rhesus monkey: an interspecies comparison.

This study was undertaken to assess the developmental toxicity and drug distributional and metabolic characteristics of prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure in rhesus monkeys. Oral administration of 20-600 mg/kg/day VPA (approximately 1-15 X human therapeutic dose) to 33 animals on variable gestational days (GD) during organogenesis resulted in dose-dependent developmental toxicity manifested as increased embryo/fetal mortality, intrauterine growth retardation, and craniofacial and skeletal defects. Biphasic plasma elimination curves were observed for total and free VPA on the first (GD 21) and last (GD 50) days of treatment in the 100- and 200-mg/kg/day dose groups. VPA exhibited dose-independent elimination kinetics at the plasma concentrations observed in this study. There was no significant change in pharmacokinetic parameters (maternal plasma elimination rate, area under the curve, peak plasma concentration) between the first and last days of treatment at either dose level. Placental transfer studies indicated that embryos were exposed to half the free VPA concentrations present in maternal plasma on GD 37. Comparisons of interspecies sensitivity to VPA-induced developmental toxicity in the mouse, rat, monkey, and man are made.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1987

Embryotoxicity of sex steroidal hormones in nonhuman primates: II. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate, estradiol valerate.

Two sex steroid compounds which have been used clinically for parenteral supportive therapy of pregnancy were examined for embryotoxic effects in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (HPC) alone or in combination with estradiol valerate (EV) were administered intramuscularly (i.m.) to pregnant monkeys at 7-day intervals between 20 and 146 days of gestation and fetuses were examined following cesarean section at 150 +/- 2 days. HPC alone was tested in both species at doses ranging from 0.01 X to 10 X the human dose equivalent (HDE); only rhesus monkeys were exposed to the HPC + EV combination at 0.1 X to 10 X HDE. Total embryolethality resulted following the administration of HPC alone and combined with EV at 1 X and 10 X HDE in rhesus monkeys; the level of abortions in cynomolgus monkeys exposed to HPC (0.1 X to 1 X HDE) was comparable to controls. A small number of nonspecific malformations and developmental variations observed in cynomolgus fetuses after HPC exposure were considered to be incidental findings. No anomalies were found in surviving rhesus monkey fetuses treated with HPC + EV. The results indicate that long-term in utero exposure to the progestin, HPC, alone or in combination with EV in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, is embryolethal but not teratogenic at doses up to ten times the human therapeutic dose.

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
PubMed1985

The development of a programme for in vitro fertilisation in New Zealand.

The first seven months experience of a programme for in vitro fertilisation at National Women's Hospital in Auckland is described. Following a five month period of technique development, 36 women with tubal infertility were admitted to the programme from July 1983 to February 1984. A clinical pregnancy rate of 15% (6/41 laparoscopies) was achieved during this period.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonic preovulatory follicular appearances as an indicator of the outcome of an in vitro fertilization cycle.

Twenty-four consecutive patients in an in vitro fertilization program were scanned within 1 hour of laparoscopic follicular aspiration. Twelve patients had follicles with intrafollicular echoes (group 1), and 12 patients had follicles with no changes (group 2). All women in group 1, but only four in group 2, had mature oocytes that after fertilization had cleavage rates compatible with pregnancy. Six clinical pregnancies occurred in group 1, and none occurred in group 2. The presence of intrafollicular echoes may indicate follicular maturation and may be a useful predictor of a cycle likely to produce a pregnancy.

Female↗