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Biomedical subjects

P Birkui

Publications and source records attributed to P Birkui.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Decrease in smoking by Parisians students after the launch and implementation of a national cancer prevention plan].

UNLABELLED: The French national cancer prevention plan launched in 2003 led many smokers to quit; however, no data is available on the rates of French adolescents who have begun smoking. METHOD: Every year since 1991, the Paris without Tobacco (PST) organisation carries out a cross-sectional survey among Parisian teenagers. The data from 2003-2004 have been compared with data from years prior to the implementation of the cancer prevention plan. RESULTS: Of a total of 54,781 youth questioned, quasi-stability in tobacco consumption (4%) was observed. Tobacco consumption has dramatically decreased since the launch of the national cancer plan: - 80% in 12-13 year olds, - 61% in 14-15 year olds, and - 55% in 16-17 year olds. This drop is linked to the decrease in numbers of adolescents who start to smoke before the age of 16. After 16 years of age, one-quarter of this decrease is explained and accounted for by the increase in the rate of ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous reasons available to elucidate this rapid "denormalisation" of tobacco and smoking in general. The data testify to the success of the establishment and implementation of tobacco prevention campaigns and interventions called for within the framework of the National Cancer Plan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Then hemodynamic efficacy of transcutaneous cardiac stimulation].

Bradyarrhythmia or asystole is the most common rhythm disturbance with ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia, for 30-40% of patients admitted in intensive coronary care units. Already use in the therapy of bradyarrhythmia or asystole, as a method of emergency, immediately in place, the external pacing is very useful in an out of hospital therapy with personnel skilled in its use until the initiation of support therapy in coronary care units. Actually, with less significant side effects (no severe pain, no strong muscular contractions, no skin burns) and a best innocuity and tolerance based on the employment of larger adhesive pre-gelled patches, temporary transcutaneous cardiac stimulation is not only confined to unconscious patients but also in case of severe bradycardia, complete AV block in conscious patients. Our hemodynamic study shows a good level of systemic pressure and of cardiac index to permit the transport of patients in coronary care units in good conditions. Furthermore, the experimental study demonstrates the importance of the polarity of the electrodes and of the duration of the stimulus (more than 10 ms) to minimize the threshold (mA/cm2) so as to increase the tolerance in clinical application. Transcutaneous cardiac pacing is a simple and rapid pacing procedure with effective hemodynamic results for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and can be easily used in conscious patients without any complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Limitations of fluorocarbons in reducing myocardial infarct size.

The effects of the oxygen-carrier fluorocarbons on myocardial infarct size were assessed in non-exchange-transfused dogs subjected either to a 3-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 2 hours of reperfusion (protocol I) or to a 5-hour permanent LAD occlusion (protocol II). Fluorocarbon administration was begun 30 minutes after LAD occlusion and was continued over the entire period of ischemia. After 5 hours, the hearts were excised and areas of necrosis were visualized by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining while risk regions were assessed by radiolabeled microspheres injected after coronary occlusion just before the onset of therapy, and further, in protocol I, by thallium-201 perfusion imaging performed at the end of fluorocarbon administration. In protocol I experiments, the ratio of necrotic area to area at risk was 81 +/- 35% (mean +/- standard deviation) in control saline-treated dogs (n = 6) and 67 +/- 27% in fluorocarbon-treated dogs (n = 6) (difference not significant). There was no significant difference between risk regions measured after and before fluorocarbon treatment. In protocol II, the ratio of necrotic area to area at risk was 47 +/- 30% in control dogs (n = 5) and 63 +/- 29% in fluorocarbon-treated dogs (n = 5) (difference not significant). However, in control dogs, the ratio of necrotic area to area at risk increased from 47 +/- 30% in the dogs that underwent permanent occlusion to 81 +/- 35% in the group that underwent reperfusion (p less than 0.001) while this ratio was similar in the corresponding subsets of fluorocarbon-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Reduction of myocardial infarct size by a fluorocarbon-oxygenated reperfusate.

This investigation assesses whether the size of an acutely revascularized myocardial infarct (MI) could be reduced by altering the composition of the initial reperfusate. Nineteen open-chest dogs underwent 4-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and were then assigned to a treatment group: 12 dogs to selective intracoronary infusion of the modified reperfusate over 30 minutes before resumption of blood flow for 60 minutes and 7 to a control group (90 minutes of unmodified blood reperfusion). The modified reperfusate consisted of 500 ml of a fluorocarbon-oxygenated crystalloid solution (PO2 650 mm Hg; total O2 content 5.5 vol%) whose composition was adjusted by decreasing Ca++ (0.25 mM), increasing pH (7.60) and adding glucose (1.8 g/liter). Four hours after occlusion, technetium-99m-labeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium. After 90 minutes of reperfusion, the heart was removed and sliced transversely. Areas not perfused by microspheres (areas at risk) were traced, planimetered and compared with the areas of necrosis after incubation in triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Areas were then converted into weights. In control dogs, the weight of necrotic myocardium was not significantly different from the weight at risk (5.0 +/- 0.7 vs 7.0 +/- 0.8 g, respectively [mean +/- standard error of the mean]), whereas it was markedly reduced in treated dogs (5.9 +/- 0.5 vs 9.4 +/- 0.7 g, respectively, p less than 0.001). The weight of salvaged myocardium was 3.4 +/- 0.5 g in treated dogs vs 1.9 +/- 0.4 g in the control group (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Impedance rheography: a new method for recording spontaneous arterial section variation.

The aim of this work is to define, on the basis of impedance rheography, a method to record arterial section variations without either inertia or the production of wall-strain. High frequency current (2 MHz) is employed to measure the impedance variations of the deforming artery. The modulating envelope is representative of arterial section variations. This method permits the recording of arterial section variations by a peri-arterial method or an external method on superficial arteries (without denudation). A comparison between arterial section variations and arterial pressure variations at the same point shows that the arterial wall behaves as a non-linear pressure gauge: Rheogram-pressure curves are similar to volume-arterial pressure curves. The great precision with which this method describes the chronology of arterial deformations is of great interest in defining viscous properties of the arterial wall and following their evolution during pathologic alterations such as atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[A system of computer pre-treatment of electrocardiographic data].

A system of analogue pretreatment aimed at analysis of the arrhythmias in real time is presented. It is based on the separate detection of the P wave and the QRS complex, and on the use of a bipolar electrically conducting catheter introduced into the auricle of the right atrium. Such an arrangement is relatively insensitive to adventitous activity, both in the high and low frequency range, and provides on four separate channels impulses representing the P wave, the QRS complex, wide QRS complexes and premature QRS waves. In all cases, the atrial channel transmits all synchronised signals originating from atrial activity without any loss of information. This apparatus has been tried out with various arrhythmias and, if integrated, into a system of automatic detection, it should bring about a considerable saving in time and memory storage space.

Cardiac Complexes, Premature↗
PubMed1976

[Preliminary psychological survey in the study of cardiac rehabilitation through controlled physical activity].

The authors carried out an enquiry in 32 patients as part of a more extensive study which permitted them to show the necessity of early physical rehabilitation after myocardial infarction which should be gradual and as prolonged as possible under permanent medical control. Subjects under training usually adhere enthusiastically to this program of progressively complete and rapid social reinsertion, by the development of new relationships, whether personal, familial or professional.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Interpretation of the limits of survival during circulatory support in the dog].

A total cardiac supplementation through a simple by-pass of the left ventricle was performed on hearts in ventricular fibrillation on 51 dogs not treated with heparin. The right-sided circulation was passive to avoid introducing added disturbing parameters. A bi-valved supple prosthesis was set in motion by a pneumatic pump regulated on the left atrial pressure and the arterial tree proper rate. The 44 cases which survived from 7 to 27 hours were limited by a slow and regular lowering of the blood pressure without notable decrease of the output. This lowered pressure was due to the action of the atrial and pulmonary mechanical receptors responding to a left atrial hypertension, secondary to a mild leak of the inflow valve. The mild haemolysis and the total absence of thrombosis should be related with the rate-regulation of the pump on the arterial tree rate, thus providing a maximal yield.

Animals↗