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Biomedical subjects

P Blower

Publications and source records attributed to P Blower.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Pulmonary deposition of nebulised amiloride in cystic fibrosis: comparison of two nebulisers.

BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests that regular inhalation of nebulised amiloride reduces sputum viscoelasticity, increases the clearance of sputum by mucociliary mechanisms and by coughing and reduces the rate of deterioration in lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis. These effects depend on adequate delivery of amiloride to the airways. This study was performed to quantify and compare pulmonary deposition of amiloride produced by two different nebuliser systems. METHODS The pulmonary deposition of nebulised amiloride (1 mg in 3 ml saline) was measured in eight patients with cystic fibrosis when given via a jet (System 22 with CR 60 compressor) and an ultrasonic (Fisoneb) nebuliser. Human serum albumin labelled with technectium-99m was used as an indirect marker for amiloride and its deposition in the lung was detected with a gamma camera. RESULTS Amiloride inhalation caused no side effects or changes in spirometric indices. The mean (SD) total pulmonary amiloride deposition was 57 (24) micrograms with the System 22 and 103 (53) micrograms with the Fisoneb nebuliser. Pulmonary deposition was completed more rapidly with the Fisoneb (4-5 minutes) than with the System 22 nebuliser (7-8 minutes) and the Fisoneb was preferred by the patients. CONCLUSIONS Both nebulisers appeared to deliver adequate amounts of amiloride to the lungs, but treatment with the Fisoneb nebuliser was quicker, more efficient, and more acceptable to the patients. Of the two nebulisers assessed, the Fisoneb would be preferred for clinical trials.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

The science--equivalent efficacy and diminished risk.

Nabumetone is an effective anti-inflammatory drug in models of inflammation and in man, comparable in potency to other compounds of this type. It differs from other compounds in several important respects. The parent molecule is non-acidic and virtually inactive but is transformed to an active metabolite (6MNA) by the liver. 6MNA is not excreted in bile and cannot therefore, by reflux from the small intestine, reach the stomach. Many other compounds can reach the stomach in this way even when given by routes other than oral, for example by suppository. Prostaglandin production by the stomach, a protective mechanism, is not markedly affected by 6MNA whereas it is suppressed by other NSAIDs. These studies suggest a favourable therapeutic ratio for nabumetone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of luminal perfusion rate on duodenal alkalinization in the rat in vivo and in vitro.

This study investigates the effects of luminal perfusion rate on the observed rate of alkalinization of an unbuffered saline by anesthetized rat distal duodenum. Increases in perfusion rate (range 0.3-22 ml/min) increased both alkalinization (3-15 mumol/cm hr) and intraluminal pressure (6-22 mm Hg). Increases in pressure (6-30 mm Hg) at constant perfusion rate (3 ml/min) did not change alkalinization. The effect of perfusion rate on alkalinization was rapid, reversible, and could be repeated several times. It was unaffected by indomethacin (10 mg/kg subcutaneously) or tetrodotoxin (1 mg/ml in perfusate). A limited in vitro study at two flow rates (0.3 and 22 ml/min) showed a similar enhancement of alkalinization. It is concluded that the rate of alkalinization is increased by raising the perfusion rate of the lumen both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism remains to be established but may involve the reduction of a diffusion barrier between the mucosa and luminal bulk fluid. These results may have implications for the movement of other substances across intestinal segments.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗