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Biomedical subjects

P Bobin

Publications and source records attributed to P Bobin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Deep mycoses observed in New Caledonia. Evaluation of observations from the laboratory of pathologic anatomy of the Pasteur Institute of New Caledonia 1975-1990].

All cases of deep mycotic diseases observed between 1975 and 1989 in the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology at Nouméa's Pasteur Institute have been studied retrospectively together with all available data concerning this pathology both in New Caledonia and the Pacific area. During the period under review, two cases of histoplasmosis, 4 of actinomycosis, 3 sporotrichosis, 5 mycetoma and 5 chromoblastomycosis were recorded in New Caledonia. Clinical and histological data appear to be identical to those observed in other Pacific Islands. Diagnosis is most usually supported only by histological examination and, thus, for future studies it is vital that specific mycologic culture of all cases be carried out.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

Demonstration of PGL I antigens in skin biopsies in indeterminate leprosy patients: comparison with serological anti PGL I levels.

The survey of histological findings in leprosy patients from 1985 to March 1988 has been carried out at the Pasteur Institute in Noumea. Histologically, according to Ridley Jopling criteria, 82 patients were classified, 14 as T.T., 12 as B.T., 2 as B.B., 7 as B.L., 4 as L.L.s., 24 as L.L.p. and 19 as Indeterminate leprosy. Histological examination of tissues sections, using a monoclonal anti-PGL I antibody showed PGL I antigen in histiocytic cells of the infiltrate and more rarely in Langerhans cells in 7 cases of indeterminate leprosy. The Ziehl staining method revealed the presence of alcoholo resistant bacilli in only one case. For 10 patients, histological findings were compared with serological results. In 3 cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by the 2 techniques (immunohistology and serology). In 2 cases by only immunohistology or by serology and in 3 cases the diagnosis was not confirmed by either methods. These results showed the interest of the immunohistological and serological methods in indeterminate leprosy, specially in children. A study of household contacts may be of interest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Follow up of T cells subsets and anti-trisaccharide IgM antibody levels of leprosy patients during daily multidrug therapy.

T cell subset distribution and anti-M. leprae specific antibody levels were followed in leprosy patients during polychemotherapy (or multidrug therapy, MDT). Before treatment, the T cell subset counts showed that the multibacillary patients (28) have a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the CD3+, CD4+ T percentages and CD4+/CD8+ ratio as compared to the healthy controls (96). The paucibacillary patients (30) had no significant T cell disturbances. An ELISA test has been developed using the natural trisaccharide-ocytl-BSA (NTO) antigen to identify specific IgM antibodies (IgM anti-T). Multibacillary patients (22) showed higher antibody titers than paucibacillary patients (11). But the IgM anti-T levels of the two groups are significantly higher than controls belonging to the same ethnic group. A daily polychemotherapy (Dapsone, Rifampicine, Clofazimine) was done for 6 months in paucibacillary patients and 2 years in multibacillary patients according to the leprosy group study recommendations (Prof. Grosset, Hôptical de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France). A normalization of the CD4+ T cells was obtained by a 6 month therapy in multibacillary patients and a significant decrease in the IgM anti-levels was obtained during polychemotherapy in multibacillaries (p less than 0.001) and paucibacillaries (p less than 0.05).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Study of 39 documented relapses of multibacillary leprosy after treatment with rifampin.

Among 39 strains of Mycobacterium leprae isolated from patients with multibacillary leprosy who relapsed after treatment with rifampin (RMP), 22 strains were resistant to RMP and 17 were susceptible. All of the RMP-resistant strains were recovered from patients who had been treated with more than 50 doses of RMP, usually given as monotherapy. RMP-susceptible strains were recovered from only six patients who had received more than 50 doses of RMP, and from 11 patients who had received no more than seven doses. The median time to relapse after the beginning of RMP therapy was 9 years (range 1-12 years) among the patients harboring RMP-resistant strains of M. leprae, and the median time to relapse after discontinuation of RMP treatment was 7 years (range 1-11 years) among the patients harboring RMP-susceptible strains. These data suggest that monotherapy with more than a few doses of RMP can be responsible for the emergence of RMP-resistant strains of M. leprae, thus emphasizing the need to employ RMP only in combination with other effective drugs in the chemotherapy of multibacillary leprosy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Specific anti-M leprae PGL-I antibodies and Mitsuda reaction in the management of household contacts in New Caledonia.

Household contacts of leprosy patients have been tested for anti-phenolic glycolipid-I IgM antibodies (anti-PGL-I IgM) by an ELISA using the natural disaccharide (NDO) and natural trisaccharide (NTO) synthetic antigens. A group of healthy subjects without known exposure to Mycobacterium leprae served as controls. The percentages of positivity observed in multibacillary patients, paucibacillary patients, and household contacts were significantly higher than those of the negative controls. The absorbance values using NDO and NTO correlated well (range 0.59-0.91) when analysis of each subject group was performed. As reported here, NDO and NTO antigens seem to be equal in detecting leprosy cases; 100% of multibacillary and 21.43% of paucibacillary cases were detected as seropositive. For the screening of household contacts, NDO appears to be more sensitive and NTO more specific. There were more seropositive cases in the young age groups of household contacts, suggesting a higher rate of transmission of M. leprae infection in those age groups. Lepromin and anti-PGL-I IgG tests were also performed in contacts who were followed. The 2 paucibacillary subjects (1 borderline tuberculoid, 1 indeterminate) were Mitsuda negative. At diagnosis, their anti-PGL-I IgM levels were much higher than those of previous results; their anti-PGL-I IgG levels showed an increase in one and a decrease in the other. However, for the entire group anti-PGL-I IgM and anti-PGL-I IgG levels were positively correlated. The data reported here suggest that an increase in specific anti-M. leprae IgM levels in Mitsuda-negative household contacts could reveal the development of overt disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Primary and secondary dapsone resistance of M. leprae in Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Senegal, and Paris between 1980 and 1985.

Primary and secondary dapsone resistance were studied among lepromatous patients living in Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Senegal, and Paris. Four hundred fifteen biopsies were taken from clinically active and bacteriologically positive (bacterial index greater than 2) patients in the 6-year period of 1980-1985. Among these, 280 biopsies that contained 5 x 10(4) acid-fast bacilli per ml with a morphological index of at least 0.10 were inoculated into the mouse foot pad, and 229 harbored infective Mycobacterium leprae. Among the 129 infective M. leprae isolated from new cases, 54% had some degree of dapsone resistance, a low degree being prominent in all cases. Among the 100 infective M. leprae isolated from relapsed cases, 79% had a high or an intermediate degree of dapsone resistance. The annual incidence of secondary dapsone resistance was estimated to be about 0.55% in Guadeloupe.

Dapsone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant melanoma among the ethnic Melanesian population of New Caledonia].

Melanesian population amounts to 61,270 out of 145,368 inhabitants in New Caledonia according to the last census. Melanesians of phototype VI have no predisposition in regard to malignant melanoma. From 1977 to 1987, 7 cases have been reported. Localisations are always in some zones not exposed to sunlight: 3 acral-lentiginous melanoma of the sole, 2 tumorous nodules of the anus margin and the vulva, 2 choroidal localisations. So, incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is very low (0.7/100,000 per annum) and in accordance with classical data regarding black people. But one has to keep in mind its being in some characteristic localisations. All the above referred cases have been detected at an advanced local extension.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in New Caledonia].

The authors report on 15 HIV seropositive cases detected within 2 years in New Caledonia (150,000 inhabitants). Testing HIV antibodies was systematic among blood donors (9,917 persons) and was carried out in defined samples (1,475 persons): population at risk, rural area, and tests required by clinicians. All seropositive individuals belong to "high risk group". One certain AIDS case, group IV C (as defined by CDC Atlanta), another probable one (early death) and several opportunistic infections: herpes zoster, oral and candidosis, were observed. Biological exploration is quite good (Pasteur Institute in Noumea). However, therapy is problematic in this South Pacific Island, and management of seropositive patients is difficult.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗