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Biomedical subjects

P Borum

Publications and source records attributed to P Borum.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Use of oral tolerance tests to investigate disaccharide digestion in neonatal foals.

Oral tolerance tests were performed on 13 neonatal foals to determine their ability to digest disaccharides on d 1, 3 and 5 postpartum. Foals were assigned randomly to treatments consisting of 20% (wt/vol) solutions of either maltose, lactose, or sucrose, dosed at 1 g/kg of BW, or glucose, dosed at .5 g/kg of BW. After a 2-h fast, an initial blood sample was collected via jugular catheter. Foals were administered the appropriate solution orally, and blood was collected every 15 min for 1 h and then every 30 min for 3 h. Plasma glucose increased after dosing with lactose or glucose but not with sucrose. Plasma glucose concentrations increased slightly on d 3 and 5 in foals dosed with maltose. These findings suggest that although lactose is well digested by neonatal foals, maltose is digested only slightly, and sucrose is not digested by d 5. Results of this experiment indicate that maltose and sucrose would not be suitable for inclusion in artificial diets for foals less than 1 wk old. Oral tolerance tests could be useful for determining the ability of premature or sick foals with lactose intolerance to digest alternate carbohydrate sources.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Carnitine status of pediatric patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Plasma carnitine and the effect of oral carnitine supplementation on serum triglycerides was studied in 12 pediatric patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Baseline evaluation of all patients included plasma carnitine and serum triglyceride values. Following randomization into two groups, only group 2 patients received oral L-carnitine supplementation, 100 mg/kg/day, for 2 months. The initial laboratory evaluation was repeated at the conclusion of the study. Plasma carnitine values were also determined from a control population. Mean baseline plasma carnitine concentrations of group 1 (39.8 +/- 8.0 nmol/ml) and group 2 (45.2 +/- 10.3 nmol/ml) patients were not significantly different from each other or from the control population. Serum triglyceride values were elevated in both groups (group 1 - 206.5 +/- 100.0 mg/dl; group 2 - 279.3 +/- 74.5 mg/dl). After 2 months, the mean plasma carnitine concentration of group 2 patients increased to 147.7 +/- 84.1 nmol/ml, significantly greater than the value of group 1, 32.8 +/- 8.0 nmol/ml (p less than 0.004). However, no significant change in the serum triglyceride level was noted in either group. We conclude that the plasma carnitine status of pediatric patients receiving CAPD is normal and that oral carnitine supplementation does not lead to the resolution of hypertriglyceridemia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Intranasal ipratropium: literature abstracts and comments.

Eighty micrograms of the topically active parasympatholytic drug ipratropium were applied intranasally four times daily in 20 adults with perennial rhinitis and severe watery rhinorrhoea in a double-blind controlled cross-over trial. There was a significant reduction in nasal hypersecretion during ipratropium treatment. Fourteen patients preferred the ipratropium period, three the placebo period and three had no preference. There were no systemic or local side effects. Ipratropium was effective also in patients resistant to glucocorticoids, sodium cromoglycate and antihistamines. As the drug works immediately it can also be used before exposure to known provocating factors. It is concluded that continuous use of this new medication is of value in the management of severe rhinorrhoea in patients with perennial rhinitis, and that the occasional use is helpful in subjects with infrequent attacks of nasal hypersecretion.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Alterations in cerebral availability of metabolic substrates after severe head injury.

Cerebral and systemic metabolism of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and amino acids were studied in 27 comatose patients during the first 7 days after a head injury. Systemic oxygen consumption was elevated initially and gradually returned toward normal over the week of study. In contrast, cerebral oxygen consumption was depressed and decreased further over the week of study. Cardiac output and cerebral blood flow were increased with respect to systemic and cerebral metabolic requirements, and remained elevated for the entire week of study. Systemic hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis were present. The injured brain often made a sizeable contribution to the lactic acidosis. The arterial concentrations of pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate were low. The early postinjury arterial amino acid profile was typically an increased level of alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, and a reduced concentration of valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, serine, ornithine, and arginine. At 3-4 days postinjury, as the early abnormalities were returning toward normal, glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine became elevated. These late increases in amino acids occurred at the time of the peak in plasma catecholamine concentrations. The net cerebral flux of amino acids followed the same general pattern of evolution over time as did the arterial concentration of amino acids. On days when the availability of the individual amino acid was increased, the net cerebral flux tended to be positive; when the availability was decreased, the net cerebral flux was zero or there was a net efflux of the amino acid. There was a significant linear relationship between the arterial concentration and the net flux of 13 of the 17 amino acids studied. Unlike the fasting state in normal man, in which beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are important metabolic substrates, cerebral metabolism after head injury is almost totally dependent upon the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose. This is at least in part due to injury-induced limitations in the variety of substrates that are available for the brain to extract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal allergic rhinitis and depot injection of a corticosteroid. Evaluation of the efficacy of medication early and late in the season based on detailed symptom recording.

It was the aim of this investigation to study the efficacy of a corticosteroid given as a depot injection in seasonal allergic rhinitis, the efficacy profile with regard to specific symptoms, and whether the injection is best given early in the season or later at the peak of the pollen count. An injection of 80 mg methylprednisolone showed a marked effect on nasal blockage lasting more than 4 weeks, and a moderate effect on eye symptoms, while the effect on nasal hypersecretion and sneezing could not be demonstrated. It is concluded that systemic corticosteroids may be indicated in severe hay fever, when symptoms, especially blockage, occur in spite of other types of therapy. If the physician prefers to give the corticosteroid as a depot injection, it is preferably given in the first half of the season when the pollen count is increasing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with a beta-2-adrenostimulant.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether topical application of a beta-2-adrenostimulant (fenoterol) on the mucous membrane has a clinically significant anti-allergic effect. Thirty-three patients with grass pollen hay fever completed the trial which was a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design. After a run-in period the patients received two puffs of 50 micrograms fenoterol 4 times a day or placebo for 21/2 weeks before cross-over. Symptoms were scored on diary cards and there was a moderate, but significant effect of fenoterol on sneezing, but the effect on secretion and blockage was insignificant. It is concluded that beta-2-stimulating agents are not competitors to the very effective topical steroids.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Nasal disorders and anticholinergic therapy.

Treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis, common cold and watery nasal hypersecretion, is still unsatisfactory. As the glands are innervated by parasympathetic nerves we examined the effect of intranasal application of a parasympatholytic drug, ipratropium bromide. In the laboratory we have studied the effect, dosage and duration of ipratropium in normal subjects. These investigations showed a strong inhibition of the secretion from the nasal glands for more than 6 hours in a dosage regimen with no local or systemic adverse effects. We continued in a placebo-controlled clinical short term study and an open long term study on patients with perennial rhinitis. Furthermore we conducted a clinical trial in patients with common cold. We found an effect on watery hypersecretion in all these patient groups. Several laboratory and clinical studies have since confirmed our results. Ipratropium inhibits the reflectory watery secretion from the nasal glands, but does not change the basal secretion rate. The onset of action is rapid and the effect is prolonged. Long term treatment is safe and may possibly have a curative effect in some patients.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1986

Histamine and methacholine do not increase nasal reactivity.

Allergen provocation in the nose increases the non-specific nasal reactivity. The aim of this trial was to determine whether this 'priming effect' can be caused by histamine or methacholine, which is the most important biochemical mediator of allergic rhinitis, and an analogue to the important neurotransmittor, acetylcholine, respectively. Intranasal provocation tests with the two substances were carried out on thirteen normal subjects, and repeated 1 hr and 1 day later. The response, measured as the number of sneezes, the amount of blown secretion and the increase in nasal airway resistance, did not change with consecutive provocations. It was concluded that neither histamine nor methacholine were responsible for the allergen-induced 'priming' of the nasal mucous membrane.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

Injuries in taekwondo.

During the 6th Taekwondo World Championship more than 4 per cent of the competitors were admitted to hospital. The majoirity of the severe injuries were to the head and neck. More padding and a change of rules are recommended.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Nasal challenge.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1979

Nasal methacholine challenge. A test for the measurement of nasal reactivity.

The aim of this study was to develop a test for the measurement of nasal reactivity. Different concentrations of methacholine were sprayed intranasally, and the nasal secretion and blockage were measured in normal subjects. The simple collection and measurement of secretion was found to be a valuable parameter of mucosal reactivity, while measurement of nasal airway resistance was unreliable, due in part to the presence of secretion in the nasal cavity. The methacholine test had a fairly good reproducibility when the amount of secretion was used as the only parameter. It caused a significantly stronger reaction in women than in men. Patients with perennial rhinitis had a more vigorous response than the controls. It is concluded that the methacholine test may prove useful as a sign of perennial rhinitis and also for the objective evaluation of medication, but further studies are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Intranasal ipratropium: a new treatment for perennial rhinitis.

Eighty micrograms of the topically active parasympatholytic ipratropium were applied intranasally 4 times a day to 20 adult patients with perennial rhinitis and severe watery rhinorrhoea in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over trial. There was a significant reduction in nasal hypersecretion during ipratropium treatment. Fourteen patients preferred the ipratropium period, 3 the placebo period and 3 had no preference. There were no adverse systemic or local effects. Ipratropium was effective also in patients resistant to glucocorticoids, sodium cromoglycate and antihistaminics. As the drug works immediately it can also be used before exposure to known provocating factors. It is concluded that continuous use of this new medication is of value in the management of severe rhinorrhoea in patients with perennial rhinitis, and that the occasional use is helpful in subjects with infrequent attacks of nasal hypersecretion.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Depression of nasal mucociliary transport by an aerosol hair-spray.

The nasal mucociliary transport was measured on 15 healthy test subjects, using the saccharine method, before and after exposure to hair-spray and Freon. The hair-spray reduced the mucociliary transport in the nose for more than 1 h, whereas Freon had no effect. Hair-spray must be considered potentially dangerous, and investigations of the mucociliary transport in persons subject to prolonged exposure to hair-spray (ladies' hairdressers) must be relevant.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Intranasal ipratropium: inhibition of methacholine induced hypersecretion.

The submucous glands of the nose have an abundant innervation from the parasympathetic nervous system, and rhinorrhea, a symptom of perennial rhinitis, is in all probability caused by an increased activity in these nerves. Pharmacological blockade with atropine-like compounds will therefore be a logical method of treatment. Rhinorrhoea was brought about in the laboratory in 15 healthy experimental subjects by the intranasal application of methacholine. The experimental subjects were pretreated with Ipratropium (Atrovent, Boehringer-Ingelheim) or placebo in a double-blind trial and it was found that Atrovent could effectively inhibit the methacholine induced hypersecretion for up to 6 hours, without local or systemic side-effects. The methacholine induced hypersecretion could also be effectively blocked in 10 patients with perennial rhinitis, and an open clinical study demonstrated that Atrovent had an effect on the spontaneous rhinorrhoea of these patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗