The psychology of violence.
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Aggression↗
Biomedical subjects
P Bowden
Publications and source records attributed to P Bowden.
Men remanded into custody for medical reports: the selection for treatment.
In a sample of men remanded into custody for medical reports during a three-month period, it was found that those who received recommendations for treatment had a diagnosis of acute mental illness, had in the past been admitted more frequently to mental hospitals and had spent a longer period as in-patients. They were also assessed as being difficult to manage, i.e. they were considered to be nuisances, were threatening and potentially violent. The men who were not recommended for treatment had a history of excessive drinking and drink-related offences; they also had more extensive criminal histories and a diagnosis of psychopathic disorder.
Adult↗
Men remanded into custody for medical reports: the outcome of the treatment recommendation.
Over a three-month period, 634 men were remanded into custody at Brixton Prison for medical reports; 87 received recommendations for psychiatric treatment and 82 individuals were actually referred to hospitals for treatment. Fourteen months later nearly three-quarters of the men who went to hospital had been discharged. They fell into three groups by outcome: men with acute psychoses for whom treatment was definitely beneficial; men who remained behaviourally disturbed after receiving treatment although their mental states improved; a group with chronic disorders for whom admission was not beneficial. The two groups with improved mental states represented only 5 per cent of the initial receptions to Brixton Prison.
Criminal Law↗
A psychiatric clinic in a probation office.
A weekly clinic was held for one year in a London probation office with 41 probation officers. Only 23 cases were referred but the clinic was found to be a valuable forum for discussion of problems with the officers, 10 per cent of whose clients were estimated to be receiving psychiatric treatment elsewhere. Suggestions are made to improve collaboration between psychiatrists and probation officers.
Forensic Psychiatry↗
The NHS practice of forensic psychiatry in one region.
The present paper outlines the number and distribution of forensic patients within one region. In addition, attitudes to both available services and existing legislation are described. Regional and national data are compared so that the results can be used by other regions which are currently planning a development of their own forensic services.
England↗
The current management of the mentally disordered offender.
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
The relationship between different evaluations of drinking behaviour.
Prisoners' attitudes to their drinking behaviour, although largely accurate, minimize problems in terms of other assessments made at interview. Semantic differences are apparent in the use of the terms 'heavy' and 'problem' as descriptions of drinking behaviour; thus men who admit heavy but deny problem drinking are often reported to be problem drinkers by their family and myself. There is close agreement between the family's reported attitude to a man's drinking and the assessment made in a structured psychiatric interview.
Adult↗
Medical practice: defendants and prisoners.
It is argued in this paper that a doctor cannot serve two masters. The work of the prison medical officer is examined and it is shown that his dual allegiance to the state and to those individuals who are under his care results in activities which largely favour the former. The World Health Organisation prescribes a system of health ethics which indicates, in qualitative terms, the responsibility of each state for health provisions. In contrast, the World Medical Association acts as both promulgator and guardian of a code of medical ethics which determines the responsibilities of the doctor to his patient. In the historical sense medical practitioners have always emphasized the sanctity of the relationship with their patients and the doctor's role as an expert witness is shown to have centered around this bond. The development of medical services in prisons has focused more on the partnership between doctor and institution. Imprisonment in itself could be seen as prejudicial to health as are disciplinary methods which are more obviously detrimental. The involvement of medical practitioners in such procedures is discussed in the light of their role as the prisoner's personal physician.
Codes of Ethics↗
Liberty and psychiatry.
The security facilities available in one regional health authority area have been surveyed. The simultaneous run-down of the large mental hospitals and the open-door policy have resulted in a lack of facilities for mentally abnormal offenders, and the increasing scarcity of common lodging houses has exacerbated the problem. Newer psychiatric units associated with general hospitals have been mainly concerned with patients suffering from neurosis or acute psychoses. The failure to develop other services to deal with offenders has seriously overburdened both the penal system and the special hospitals.
Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
The psychiatric aspects of cardiac intensive therapy: a review.
The post cardiotomy state is typically delirious and although organic factors are important it is multi-determined. Cerebral ischaemia has been implicated in the development of psychological disorder after resuscitation but longer term neurotic disorders also occur. Affective disturbances, particularly depression, are associated with the coronary care experience. The following conditions are directly related to an increased incidence of psychological disorder: age, loss of sleep, sensory deprivation, stressful experiences, pre-operative morbidity (both physical and mental), the severity of both surgical trauma and the post-operative medical state. For both the staff who administer intensive therapy and the patient who receives it there are unique psychological hazards, the management of which depends largely on mutual understanding and support.
Adult↗
Reliability of prisoners' attitudes to their drinking behaviour.
A sample of male prisoners was examined by means of a questionnaire and subsequently by a structured interview. Control subjects who denied heavy drinking were used to study test-retest reliability of a group who admitted that drinking was a problem and a third group who admitted heavy drinking but denied problem drinking. Non-heavy drinkers and the heaviest drinkers are shown to be the most reliable and the intermediate group least reliable.
Alcohol Drinking↗