Should NICE's advice be handled centrally or locally?
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Brambleby.
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If the doctor undergoing higher professional training is to make best use of the attachment to a training location, and that training location is to make the most efficient use of the contribution of the trainee, then a written framework such as a learning contract can meet the needs of both. The first stage is to list the learning needs of the individual trainee and to match them with the work experience offered by the training location. Next, the work programme for the coming six to 12 months should be formalised in a learning contract, spelling out the tasks to be performed and the expected training benefit. This is then reviewed at agreed intervals and a written appraisal made. At the end of the attachment the trainee, trainer and any outside accrediting or auditing body, has a written account of what was expected, what was achieved, and the performance of trainee and trainer.
In this paper a descriptive account is given of programme budgeting in the Hastings and Rother localities of East Sussex Health Authority. The primary purpose of the exercise was to track past resource consumption in a comprehensive and overlapping matrix of programmes, with a view to simplifying past annual expenditure into a single matrix, informing the health authority of the overall pattern of resource consumption, planning future expenditure, co-ordinating the strategic plans and purchasing intentions of all those involved in commissioning health care, and communicating the health authority's view of past and future spending. Many of the findings gave new insights and led either to changes in resource allocation or to plans for future study. They have proved to be a useful tool for communication and education, especially with providers of health care and public representative bodies. The process will now feed into long-term strategic planning and short-term purchasing intentions. Marginal analysis is now being undertaken in a number of clinical specialties and disease areas. The cumulative effect of a series of planned investment and disinvestment decisions can be tested against agreed priorities for programmes before final decisions are taken. Thus, programme budgeting can be a powerful tool in the commissioning process and should be within the capabilities of even the smallest health authorities.
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The parents of all 977 resident children born in 1981 and 1982 recorded as not having received measles vaccine were contacted by letter. They were strongly advised to seek immunisation for their children and asked to complete and return a reply-paid questionnaire. Details of their children's immunisation status, reasons for non-immunisation and history of measles infection were sought, and whether they then intended to have their children immunised. The response rate was 53.3%. Of responders, 27% claimed to have written evidence that their children had already been immunised, the majority of them having been done outside the District. There was a high degree of mobility, mainly into the District, emphasising the need to record immunisation status when registering newly arrived children. The main reasons for non-immunisation were: a history of measles infection, personal or family history of fits or allergy, and mistrust of the vaccine. Many parents had been inappropriately advised by health professionals. 78 children from these cohorts are now known to have been vaccinated in the three months following the mailing and these together with the validation exercise have raised vaccination cover for 1981-born children from 74.7% to 78.9% and for 1982-born children from 77.0% to 81.4%.