Biomedical subjects

P Broso

Publications and source records attributed to P Broso.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

[Uric acid and pre-eclampsia].

The cause of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remains unknown. More than 100 clinical, biophysical and biochemical tests have been recommended to predict the development of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The findings of numerous studies have been inconsistent. The purpose of this review is to assess the serum uric acid currently proposed for predicting the development of preeclampsia. Hyperuricaemia (> 6 mg/100 ml) correlates with the severity of the preeclamptic lesion, as well as the poor fetal outcome.

Female↗

PubMed1995

[Cervico-vaginal and endometrial cytology in the screening for endometrial cancer].

In contrast to cervical cancer, no routine mass screening programs for the early detection of endometrial cancer have been organized. All of the methods used by cytologists for studying endometrial changes have limitations. Cervicovaginal smears allow diagnosis of, at best, 60% to 70% of carcinomas of the endometrium. Intrauterine sampling is another possible method. It consists of direct aspiration of uterine cavity, scraping or brushing of the mucosa or uterine washing. Any method of endometrial sampling is imperfect, even dilatation and curettage has been shown to miss endometrial carcinoma. The lack of an effective, inexpensive and easy-to-use sampling method is the reason for the nonexistent decline in the incidence of invasive endometrial carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Vulvar vestibulitis].

In 1987 Friedrich defined the vulvar vestibulitis syndrome as "severe pain on vestibular touch or vaginal entry; tenderness to pressure localized within the vulvar vestibule; and physical findings confined to vestibular erythema of varying degrees". The vulvar vestibule extends laterally from the hymenal ring to a line of more keratinized skin on the labia minora (Hart's line). Anteriorly the vestibule reaches upwards to the frenulum of the clitoris and posteriorly downward to the fourchette. Characteristics of vestibulitis are the patient's complaint of entry dyspareunia, discomfort at the opening of the vagina and erythema and point tenderness discovered on palpation of the gland orifice with a cotton-tipped applicator (cotton swab is pressed gently in a circle around the base of the hymenal ring or at the posterior fourchette of the vagina). Women report severe pain at the vaginal introitus during intercourse, localized pain from tampon use. Pain developed in all patients during periods when they were sexually active, although there are a few reports of vulvar vestibulitis in celibate women. Vulvar vestibulitis may be acute or chronic. The cause of vulvar vestibulitis are most likely multifactorial. Vestibulitis may result from any infectious process that causes vulvovaginitis, irritants agents (soaps, sprays), antiseptics, creams, destructive treatments (cryosurgery, podophyllin, laser treatment), HPV, recurrent bacterial vaginosis, chronic candidiasis, altered vaginal acid-base balance. The candidal organism appears to play some role in this syndrome. Human papillomavirus appears to be an associated variable. An allergy-based etiology for vestibulitis has not been defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

[Sports and pregnancy].

In the absence of underlying cardiovascular, metabolic endocrine disease or other high-risk problems (threatened premature labour, conditions associated with an increased risk of prematurity, acute fetal distress), pregnancy can be considered a variation in the normal human physiologic condition. Beneficial effects can be realized from submaximal exercise programs, apparently without concomitant deleterious effects on the fetus, which continues to receive an adequate oxygen and nutrition supply during maternal and moderate exercise. The physician should advise women to be careful in their choice of sports and not to begin new activities or increase their intensity during pregnancy. The benefits of regular aerobic exercise are well known. The effect of anaerobic workouts during pregnancy is less clear. Nonetheless, women should be advised to avoid anaerobic training such as sprinting and interval work during pregnancy. Swimming is an excellent cardiovascular conditioner with minimal risk of orthopedic complication. Violent sports should be avoided.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Coronary "open" endarterectomy and reconstruction: short- and long-term results of the revascularization with saphenous vein versus IMA-graft.

From June 1984 to December 1990, 96 patients underwent "open" coronary endarterectomy and reconstruction. In 50 patients (group 1), a saphenous vein (SV) graft was used to reconstruct and bypass 54 coronary vessels. In 46 patients (group 2), 46 coronary vessels were reconstructed with an SV patch and then bypassed with the internal mammary artery (IMA): Seventy-four LAD coronary arteries (36 in group 1 and 38 in group 2) were treated with these procedures. Operative mortality was 8% in group 1 and 2.1% in group 2. Five patients (10%) in group 1 and 1 patient (2.1%) in group 2 developed perioperative myocardial infarction. The early postoperative patency of the reconstructed vessels was 84.6% in group 1 and 92.5% in group 2. Angiographic controls were performed between 30 and 36 months after operation in 18 patients (72%) of group 1 and in 16 patients (69%) of group 2 with patency rates of 66.7% and 81.5%, respectively. A further angiographic study performed between 54 and 60 months after operation of 9/22 patients of group 1 and 5/9 patients of group 2 did not show any additional closure of the endarterectomized vessels. Three- and 5-year survival analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method was 79.6% and 69.7%, respectively, in group 1 and 86.8% for both the 3- and 5-year survival in group 2. After a mean follow-up of 51.0 and 35.5 months, 62.8% of the surviving patients of group 1 and 75.6% of group 2 were asymptomatic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Non-sexual transmission of sexually transmissible diseases].

Sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted through nonsexual transmission. Neonatal contamination has been proven at parturition from mothers with anogenital diseases. Another example is transmission through exchange of underwear, towels, bed sharing, etc. It is possible that contamination may occur with use of the contaminated speculum and forceps. Use of laser may release viruses during treatment for viral diseases. Candidiasis, trichomoniasis and genitalis condilomatosis, which should not be considered an exclusively sexually transmitted diseases are considered.

Candidiasis↗

PubMed1992

[Sampling devices for the Papanicolaou test].

Smear quality is related to the experience of the sample taker and also to the screening instrument used. Most Authors concur that both an endocervical and an ectocervical specimen must be collected to assure adequate sampling of the transitional zone. The cytobrush alone is effective mainly for endocervical sampling while the Ayre spatula alone is effective mainly for ectocervical sampling; the cotton swab is ineffective for both endocervical and ectocervical sampling. Values and failure of the sampling devices are described.

Diagnostic Errors↗

PubMed1991

[The Pap test revisited].

The effectiveness of screening programmes based on cytological smears in reducing mortality from carcinoma of the cervix and the incidence of invasive disease is well established. But there is no evidence that the Papanicolau test has succeeded anywhere in complete eradication of this theoretically preventable disease. The major reason that many cervical cancer screening programmes have had little effect is that they fail to reach the women, particularly those aged over 40, who are most at risk of developing invasive carcinoma. Among women who are included in a programme, the principal failures are inadequate follow-up of abnormal smears, a long interval since the last smear, and false-negative smear results. Only when an acceptable participation level and follow-up system have been achieved should improvements in sensitivity assume. The potential failures of the system and the reasons for them and the remedies are described.

Female↗

PubMed1990

[Cervix uteri and human papillomavirus infections. Current approach].

The incidence of genital warts among sexually active young people is growing, but the association of human papillomavirus with abnormal cervical smears is not clear. The development of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) may be expected within one year by one third of patients with histologically documented viral cytopathic effects. The presence of HPV infection in colposcopically normal cervical tissue both inside and outside the transformation zone may help to explain why current methods for treatment of cervical HPV infection are often unsuccessful. A significant proportion of the male population is infected in countries were HPV is an important factor in cervical carcinogenesis. Patients may be considered cured when cytology and colposcopy are found to be negative in two subsequent examinations. At the moment we simply do not know whether or not HPV causes cervical cancer. Perhaps shortly we will be able to write with greater certainty.

Condylomata Acuminata↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Screening for ovarian carcinoma].

Approximately 1 in 70 women in the USA will develop ovarian cancer in their lifetime. As the incidence of ovarian cancer is higher than that of cervical cancer, an effective screening program is indicated from a medical point of view. This article examines the reduction in ovarian cancer mortality that might be achieved if we can develop a screening test for the detection of this disease during its preclinical phase. Until recently the only potential screening test for ovarian cancer was vaginal examination. With pelvic examination small ovarian lesions are often missed. Ultrasound examination of the ovaries is a much more reliable method for examining the ovary than gynecologic palpation. The combination of serum CA125 measurement with ultrasound examination offers the most specific and sensitive method for the early detection of ovarian cancer. Question concerning the optimal population to screen remain unanswered. If a screening protocol for ovarian cancer is available, demonstration that it results in a reduction in mortality in the screened population will be required. This will only be obtained by performing a large population based, randomised controlled study. Therefore, a simple and reliable screening test for the early detection of ovarian cancer is still urgently required.

Adult↗