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Biomedical subjects

P Byrne

Publications and source records attributed to P Byrne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Responses of mucus-producing cells in gill disease of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

This paper documents the responses of mucus-producing cells in the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) throughout a naturally occurring outbreak of bacterial gill disease (BGD) and following exposure to experimentally induced high concentrations of ammonia and suspended solids. The responses were examined at three sites on the gill filament with three histochemical stains selected to identify the main types of mucous glycoproteins; these were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), alcian blue pH 2.5 (AB2) and alcian blue pH 1.0 (AB1). In the BGD-infected fish, there was an increase in the numbers of PAS-positive and AB2-positive mucous cells and a corresponding decrease in AB1-positive cells. The greatest increase in mucus-producing cells occurred at the tips of the filaments, but the greatest relative change occurred at the mid-filamental (inter-lamellar) position. Fish exposed to high ammonia concentrations also had elevated numbers of mucus-producing cells, but there was no statistically significant change in fish exposed to high amounts of kaolin. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1992

A prospective study of conization of the cervix in the management of cervical intraepithelial glandular neoplasia (CIGN)--a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of cervical conization as primary management of cervical intraepithelial glandular neoplasia (CIGN). DESIGN: A multicentre prospective cohort study. SETTING: CRC Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham. SUBJECTS: 84 women registered with the Unit between May 1986 and January 1989. After excluding 33 women, 51 who had been managed in accordance with the described protocol and had the presence of CIGN confirmed by central review of diagnostic histopathological material were included in the study. INTERVENTION/PROTOCOL: Women with CIGN diagnosed on a cervical cone specimen were managed in accordance with a specific protocol: (a) women with negative cone margins were managed conservatively and followed up with regular cervical cytological and colposcopic examinations; (b) women with involved cone margins were managed by hysterectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence or absence of CIGN at cone margins, results of cervical cytological examinations following conization, results of histopathological assessment of any surgical specimens taken after initial cone biopsy. RESULTS: Of the 51 women with confirmed CIGN, managed by conization, 14 (27%) were aged 30 or less and 15 (29%) were nulliparous. Thirty five women who had a cone biopsy showing margins free of CIGN have been managed by conization alone. After a median follow-up period of 12 months there is no apparent residual CIGN or invasive disease in this group. Thirteen women have had further surgical procedures (according to protocol) and two have had a hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disorders. Eight further procedures were carried out because the original cone biopsy had margins involved with CIGN, and only one of them was found to have residual CIGN. The other five procedures were carried out solely because of abnormal cytology, only one of them had a diagnosis of CIN 1. A total of 10 women had cytological abnormality following cone biopsy, one had CIGN, one had CIN 1 and a third had CIN 3. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data suggests that when a diagnosis of CIGN is made upon a cone biopsy, further surgery is unnecessary in those women in whom the margins of the cone specimen are free of disease. Cytological and colposcopic follow up, including cytological sampling of the endocervical canal, is recommended for these women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cone biopsy.

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Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Survival of human monoclonal anti-Rho (D) antibodies in the rhesus monkey.

In vivo half-life of a 125I-labeled human anti-D monoclonal antibody (mAb) and that of 131I-labeled Rho-GAM was assessed in a rhesus monkey injected simultaneously with both reagents. The half-life of the mAb was 7.9 days, compared to 17 days of Rho-GAM. Survival of the second dose of mAb, given 34 days after the first injection, was identical to that of the first dose, thus showing that the human mAb did not elicit an immune response. The in vitro produced human mAbs appear to be an alternative, unlimited source of anti-D antibodies for possible use in prevention of feto-maternal Rh immunization.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of oxytetracycline in rainbow trout following bolus intravenous administration.

Oxytetracycline pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution were studied in rainbow trout following bolus i.v. administration at 5 mg/kg. The mean serum (log) drug concentration data were plotted against time (linear). The decay curve was described by a three-component exponential decay function and a three-compartment model. The t1/2 of rapid distribution was 0.9 h, the t1/2 of the slow distribution was 5.9 h and the t1/2 elimination was 81.5 h. Clearance was 25.4 ml/kg/h and Vd(area) 2988 ml/kg. Regression analysis of the serum levels for the three intervals, 0.5-2.0 h, 6.0-18.0 h, and 24-96 h, indicated that the rates of decay for each interval were 0.6151 h-1, 0.0564 h-1 and 0.0088 h-1 respectively. Rates of equilibration between tissues and serum were determined. Kidney equilibrated the fastest with t1/2 to equilibration of 1.1 h for H (anterior) kidney and 1.98 h for P (posterior) kidney. The highest drug levels were found in the liver and the lowest were in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of medical history on assessment of at-risk infants.

The influence of knowledge of their medical history on the assessment of at-risk infants was examined. Two at-risk infants, one with a high-risk medical history and one with a low-risk history, were assessed and videotaped using the Movement Assessment of Infants. 41 physical therapists were randomly assigned to assess the videotaped examinations in four groups with different knowledge of the infants' histories (high-risk infant with actual or low-risk history; low-risk infant with actual or high-risk history). The clinical significance of the difference in total risk scores between knowledge conditions of a high-risk history and a low-risk history was greater for the low-risk infant. The higher mean total risk score for the low-risk infant assessed with a high-risk history suggests that false positive results could occur which may alter parents' perceptions and interactions with the infants and consequently influence their development.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1991

Positive end-expiratory pressure vs T-piece. Extubation after mechanical ventilation.

Because T-piece breathing may impair oxygenation, the best airway pressure from which to extubate ventilated patients is controversial. We compared the effects of extubation after 1 h of either CPAP 5 and T-piece/ZEEP. Once weaned from mechanical ventilation and breathing spontaneously, 106 patients were randomized to 1 h CPAP or 1 h T-piece/ZEEP, following which patients were extubated and mask O2 administered. No significant difference existed between groups in age, sex, HR, BP, FIO2, PaCO2 or PaO2. However, P(A-a)O2 was significantly greater at 120 min in the CPAP group. Within the CPAP group, P(A-a)O2 was also significantly worse at 120 vs 0 min. Nineteen T-piece patients showed improved P(A-a)O2 at 120 min compared with only ten CPAP patients. Three CPAP and two T-piece patients subsequently required reintubation. This study demonstrates that use of a T-piece dose not impair arterial oxygenation and may in fact be superior to direct extubation from CPAP 5.

Humans↗