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Biomedical subjects

P C Fan

Publications and source records attributed to P C Fan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Poor efficacy of albendazole for the treatment of human taeniasis.

In order to evaluate the efficacy of albendazole for the treatment of taeniasis, regimens of 400 mg x 1 day, 800 mg x 2 days, 800 mg x 3 days, 1200 mg x 2 days, and 1200 mg x 3 days were compared. Of 66 cases treated and investigated 7-14 days after treatment, 52 were still expelling proglottids. Three months posttreatment, these cases were re-treated with atabrine at 1.2 g per case for males and 1.0 g per case for females. Fifty-seven patients expelled worms or parts of tapeworms. The nine negatives may represent the number cured by the treatment with albendazole. The cure rates with albendazole for various regimens were up to 50% for 800 mg x 3 days, 1200 mg x 2 days or 1200 mg x 3 days, 14.3% for 800 mg x 2 days, and 0% for 400 mg x 1 day or 800 mg x 1 day. This study shows that albendazole is not very effective in the treatment for taeniasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of the efficacy of praziquantel against cysticercosis of a Taenia saginata-like tapeworm (Taiwan strain) in pigs.

In order to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel against cysticercosis in pigs caused by the 'Taiwan Taenia' 16 small-ear miniature pigs were each fed with 10,000 or 30,000 eggs. Twelve pigs were treated with praziquantel: three were given 100 mg kg-1 on one day, three were given 100 mg kg-1 daily for three days, and six were given 100 mg kg-1 daily for five days. Four pigs were used as untreated controls. The cure rates observed were 33.3% in the pigs treated for one day, and 100% in the pigs treated for three or five days.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Chemotherapy of head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation gamma benzene hexachloride (gamma-BHC) among school children in Szu-Hu District, Yunlin County, Central West Taiwan.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of 1% gamma-BHC emulsion against head louse infestation, 1,527 school children were examined using observation by ocular and combing methods were used and infested children were treated with three regimes of 1% gamma-BHC emulsion. An overall infestation rate of 40% was found. The infestation rate was highest in Tung-Kuang Primary School (59%) and lowest in Chien-Hua Primary Schools (7%). The rate was highest among school children grade 2 (45%) and lowest in grade 3 (35%). The rate of girls (65%) was much higher than that of boys (9%). A total of 443 lice were collected from 78 infested school girls: 56 males, 59 females, and 328 nymph. The average number of head lice in each infested girl was 5.7. Follow-up examination was conducted one week after treatment. The cure rates for dosages of 10.0 ml, 5.0 ml, and 2.5 ml 1% gamma-BHC emulsion were 96%, 88%, 68% for girls and 100%, 92%, and 33% for boys, respectively. Only mild and transient itching and burn sensation of scalp were reported by a few children. The overall infestation rate 5 months (April-September 1981) after treatment was 23% (286/1,245). The rate of girls decreased from 65% to 40% and that of boys from 9% to 3%. Results of the present study indicates that 1% gamma-BHC emulsion is an effective pediculicide at a dosage of 5 ml or 10 ml. However, the overall infestation rate remained high (23%) 5 months after treatment. These findings suggest that treatment of head louse infestation must be conducted continuously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Asian Taenia saginata: species or strain?

Asian Taenia has a special epidemiological pattern. Many people eat raw and/or undercooked pork and pig viscera more often than that of cattle and acquire a T. saginata-like tapeworm infection. The pig has been found to be the most favorable laboratory intermediate host for four geographical strains of Asian Taenia. Numerous pinpoint cysticerci have been found in naturally infected livers of one wild boar and six domestic pigs in Taiwan. It is likely that pigs are the natural intermediate host of Asian Taenia in endemic areas other than Taiwan. Moreover, the cysticerci of Asian Taenia are only found in the livers of the infected animals and have similar morphological characteristics, which are distinguishable from the cysticerci of T. saginata and T. solium. These cysticerci are small in size and armed with two rows of rudimentary hooklets and can develop to maturity in as short a period as 4 weeks. It is possible that Asian Taenia is a different species or at least a different strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Present status of head louse (Pediculus capitis) infestation among school children in Yunlin County, Taiwan.

In December 1990, 35 children in one kindergarten; 7,870 children in twenty-six primary schools and 2,657 students in three junior high schools in Kou-Hu, Ku-Keng and Szu-Hu Districts in Yunlin County, Taiwan, were examined by naked eye observation (NEO) for head louse infestation. The overall infestation rate was 16%. The infestation rate was highest in Kou-Hu (25%) and lowest in Ku-Keng (8%). The rate was higher among primary school children (21%) than among junior high school students (2%). The infestation rate of girls (34% in primary school children and 4% in junior high school students) was higher than that of boys (9%, less than 1% respectively). Among the primary school children the rate was highest in girls in grade 5 (39%) and boys in grade 4 (14%). The lowest rates were in girls in grade 6 (27%) and in boys in grades 5 and 6 (6%). In junior high school students, the rate of grade 1 (4%) was higher than those of grade 2 (less than 1%) and 3 (less than 1%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Filariasis eradication on Kinmen Proper, Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, Republic of China.

A control program for bancroftian filariasis was conducted on Kinmen Proper from 1970 to 1982. The combined method of mass chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for microfilarial carriers and larvicide with sumithion for mosquitoes was used on the island for 3 years (1974-76). The microfilarial rate and microfilarial density decreased from 8.4% and 14.6/20 microns in 1970-73 to 0.7% and 5.3/20 microns in 1976. The infection rate, infective rate, and larval density of Culex quinquefasciatus, the only mosquito vector of the parasite, decreased from 10.3%, 6.4%, and 6.4 in 1970-73 to 0.3%, 0.2%, and 1.3, in 1976, respectively. For final elimination of the infection, DEC medicated salt (0.33%, w/w) was then administered to the whole population for 6 months (March-September 1977). All accepted the program and no adverse side-effects were noted. Six annual follow-up surveys (1977-82) revealed only 3 out of 3853 previous carriers to be positive. These carriers were cured with a course of 5 g DEC. All family members of the 3 carriers and of the 12 neighbouring families were also given DEC medicated salt for 4 months in order to clear the only remaining source of filarial transmission. In conclusion, administration of DEC medicated salt is simple, rapid, safe, inexpensive, efficient, and practical for filariasis control or eradication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Experimental infection of Thailand Taenia (Chiengmai strain) in domestic animals.

Twenty-five gravid proglottides of a Thailand Taenia were obtained from a patient in Chiengmai, Thailand, and brought to our laboratory. The tapeworm was determined to be T. saginata-like by counting uterine branches (mean number 16, range 12-19 on each side). The eggs from these proglottides remained infective under storage at room temperature for 14 days followed by refrigeration (4-8 degrees C) for 131 days. Eight Small-Ear-Miniature pigs and two Holstein calves were each fed with 3000 eggs and sacrificed 12-76 days afterwards. Six pigs became infected and 16 cysticerci were recovered from the livers. Thirteen degenerated/calcified cysticerci were also recovered from the livers of the two calves. More cysticerci were found in the liver parenchyma (55%) than on the liver surface (45%) of the infected animals. Measurements of length, width, diameters of protoscolex, rostellum and sucker and hooklet pattern show that Thailand Taenia is similar to Taenia from Taiwan, Korea and Indonesia but different from T. saginata and T. solium. These findings indicate that Thailand Taenia, Taiwan Taenia, Korea Taenia, and Indonesia Taenia may be of the same species or sub-species.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The pig as an intermediate host for Taiwan Taenia infection.

Eggs (1000-100,000/animal) of Taiwan Taenia were inoculated per os into 14 Small-Ear-Miniature (SEM), 19 Landrace-Small-Ear-Miniature (L-SEM), and 5 Duroc-Yorkshire-Landrace (DYL) pigs. These animals were sacrificed 7-107 days after infection. Thirty-four pigs were found to be infected with Taiwan Taenia cysticerci and the infection rates of SEM, L-SEM, and DYL were 86%, 89% and 100% respectively. The cysticerci recovery rates of SEM, L-SEM and DYL pigs were 27.2%, 1.7% and 0.27% respectively. Cysticerci were recovered only from the livers and none were found in muscles, viscera or other parts of the carcasses. More cysticerci were located in the liver parenchyma (71%) than on the liver surface (29%). Taiwan Taenia cysticerci were smaller than those of classical T. saginata or T. solium. Moreover, Taiwan Taenia cysticerci had 2 rows of rudimentary hooklets on the scolex. The results of this study indicate that young pigs are good intermediate hosts for Taiwan Taenia and that the SEM pig is a satisfactory host for experimental studies with this tapeworm. These results were similar to other studies with different geographic strains of the T. saginata-like tapeworm in the Far East. These strains appear to be the same and possibly a new species.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Eradication of bancroftian filariasis by diethylcarbamazine-medicated common salt on Little Kinmen (Liehyu district), Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, Republic of China.

Since bancroftian filariasis constituted a major public health problem on Little Kinmen (Liehyu District), Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, a control programme was conducted on this island from 1970 to 1982. A pre-control survey recorded a microfilarial rate (mfr) of 9.6%, a night blood microfilarial density (mfd) of 14.4/20 microliters blood, and a clinical rate of 26.2%. Culex quinquefasciatus was found to be the only vector of the parasitosis on the island, with an infection rate (Ir) with all filarial larval stages of 9.1% and a larval density (Ld) of 6.2. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)-medicated salt (0.33% w/w) was administered to the whole population on Little Kinmen. Each person was estimated to take 12.7 g salt with 42 mg DEC daily for six months (July-December 1974). All accepted the programme, and no adverse side-effect was noted. During the control, the mfr and mfd were reduced to 0.3% and 1.9/20 microliters blood. The Ir and Ld were reduced to 0.8% and 1.3. Eight post-control surveys (1975-1982) revealed only two of 459 pre-control carriers positive and the remaining population of 7125 inhabitants negative. The two carriers were cured with a course of 5 g DEC. All family members of these carriers and their neighbours' families were given DEC-medicated salt for four months to clear the only remaining source of filarial transmission. In addition to a reduction in the prevalence of filariasis in humans and in mosquitoes to zero, the clinical manifestations disappeared in 52.4% of the pre-control carriers and improved in 19.0%. There was no change in 19.8 and 8.7% had new manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Efficacy of niclosamide against aboriginal taeniasis in Taiwan.

The present field trial attempts to test the efficacy of niclosamide by a modified chemotherapeutic schedule to collect the purged stool samples consecutively to search expelled worms. Nineteen patients with taeniasis were given 1 gm of niclosmaide with 3 gm sodium bicarbonate twice at 30-minute interval, then purgative was administered. The patients were allowed only fluid meal or fruit juice before treatment. In all, 33 worms (11 with scolex, 22 without), 17 strobilae and 247 segments were collected from consecutive purged stools. The scolex recovery rate was 33%. After taking the purgative, 5 female patients showed side-reactions (nausea, vomiting and dizziness) which were mild and transient. Two months after the treatment, 14 patients were still passing strobilae and/or proglottides in the stools but 5 were not. Four months after the treatment, only 3 cases were still passing strobilae and/or segments in the stools showing a cure rate of 84.2%. The results indicate that niclosamide is a good taenicide but with a slow effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of taeniasis and enterobiasis among aboriginal children in mountainous areas of Taiwan.

Children numbering 6,197 were tested for taeniasis. Those children were examined from May, 1981 to July, 1989. Sixty one primary schools, in eight mountainous districts provided the test group of children. The method used in these tests was the Scotch tape perianal swab. The overall infection rate of taeniasis was 1%. A total of 6,667 children were also examined for enterobiasis and the infection rate was 10%. There was no significant difference in the rate of taeniasis and enterobiasis by sex. The infection of taeniasis was highest in Tatung District (3%), Ilan County. However, there was no significant difference among the rates by district. The prevalence of enterobiasis was highest in Jenai District (17%), Nantou County and lowest in Lanyu District (2%), Taitung County. Taeniasis was not found among non-aboriginal school children, while 3% of aboriginal school children were infected with Taenia. However, the infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis among non-aborigines (39%) was much higher than that among aboriginal children (5%). These findings indicate that aboriginal children still eat raw meat and viscera of wild animals and acquire Taenia infection.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Consecutive examinations by scotch-tape perianal swabs in diagnosis of enterobiasis.

In order to determine how many consecutive perianal examinations can increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of enterobiasis, nursery and kindergarten children were examined with 8 consecutive scotch-tape perianal swabs. Primary school students were examined with 4 consecutive swabs, while junior high school students were examined with one swab in the morning and another in the afternoon. The positive rates among nursery and kindergarten children increased from 17.3% and 34.6% by a single swab to 44.4% and 70.2% by 8 consecutive swabs respectively. Significant differences in rates among kindergarten children by class were found by 4 to 8 swabs (3rd year class 65.6-78.7%, 2nd year class 50.3-61.1%, 1st year class 52.3-69.5%). The rate among primary school students increased from 59.9% by a swab to 77.3% by 4 consecutive swabs. Significant differences were found among the rates by grade. The highest was detected in grade 3 and lowest in grade 6. There was no significant difference between the positive rates among junior high school students obtained in the morning (33.7%) and in the afternoon (31.3%), and also no significant difference among rates by junior school was found. There was no significant difference between positive rates by sex in kindergarten children (boys, 68.8%, girls, 71.9%) and primary school students (boys, 76.8%; girls, 77.9%). However, the positive rate of junior high school girls (47.3%) was significantly higher than that of junior high school boys (37.4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Studies of taeniasis in Taiwan. XII. Prevalence of taeniasis among Atayal aborigines in Wufeng District, Hsinchu County, northwest Taiwan.

In order to determine the prevalence of taeniasis in the Wufeng District of Hsinchu County, 341 school children from 2 primary schools and 748 Atayal aborigines from 4 villages were examined with a scotch tape perianal swab and by questionnaire and demonstration of proglottides. The infection rates of taeniasis and enterobiasis among the school children were 1% and 8%, respectively. The overall infection rate of taeniasis among the Atayal aborigines was 6%, and 189 previously treated and cured persons were also discovered. The highest rate was found at Taoshan Village (9%) and the lowest at Chulin Village (3%). The infection increased with age from less than 1% among those under 10 years of age to a peak of 11% for those over 50 years. The infection rate in males (7%) was similar to that in females (6%). Fourteen percent (43/305) of the families were found with one (91%) or two (9%) infected members. The infected persons had been eating raw meat and viscera of wild boar (70%), flying squirrel (65%), muntjac (58%), wild goat (56%) and the raw meat of other 6 kinds of wild animals. Passing proglottides in the feces (100%) and pruritus ani (91%) were the two most important clinical manifestations. One-third (33%) of the patients had passed proglottides for 21-30 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Experimental infection of Indonesia Taenia (Samosir strain) in domestic animals.

Three 58-day old Small-Ear-Miniature (SEM) pigs, six 36-day old Landrace-Small-Ear-Miniature (L-SEM) pigs, and two 5-day old Holstein calves were each fed 3000 or 30,000 Indonesia Taenia (Samosir strain) eggs and sacrificed 27-195 days after inoculation. A total of 4922 cysticerci were recovered only from the livers of the three SEM pigs (1977 cysticerci) and six L-SEM pigs (2945 cysticerci). The infection rate in pigs was 100%. Cysticerci recovery rates of SEM and L-SEM pigs were 22.0% and 1.6%, respectively. Calves were not susceptible to Indonesia Taenia. More cysticerci were found in the liver parenchyma (L-SEM, 66.4%; SEM, 76.2%) than on the liver surface (L-SEM, 33.6%; SEM, 23.8%) of the infected animals. Most (99.86%) of the cysticerci recovered from the livers of L-SEM pigs were degenerated or calcified but 77.9% of those in the livers of SEM pigs were mature and only 22.1% were degenerated or calcified. Measurements of length, width, diameters of protoscolex, rostellum, and sucker and hooklet pattern indicated that Indonesia Taenia is very similar to Taiwan Taenia and very different from Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. The present findings indicate that Indonesia Taenia and Taiwan Taenia may be the same new species.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The serological response of pigs experimentally infected with a species of Taenia from Taiwan.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody in pigs infected with a possibly new species of Taenia isolated in Taiwan is described. The test antigen ThFAS was fractionated from the cyst fluid of a heterologous cestode Taenia hydatigena. In lightly infected pigs (less than or equal to 4 recovered cysts at necropsy 17 weeks post-inoculation), antibody was detected as early as 3 weeks post-inoculation. In more heavily infected pigs (6-72 recovered cysts at necropsy 32 weeks post-inoculation), antibody was still detectable at the time of necropsy. Cysticerci were found only in the livers of the infected pigs. This ELISA should be highly useful for detecting infection of pigs with this larval cestode in regions where the presence of Taenia solium is unlikely.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Experimental studies of Korea Taenia (Cheju strain) infection in domestic animals.

In the present study, one DYL pig (five-day old), four L-SEM pigs (37-day old), three SEM pigs (44-day old), one Holstein calf (eight-day old) and two Sannean goats (five-day old) were each fed 1000, 30,000, or 380,000 eggs of the Korea Taenia (Cheju strain) and were sacrificed 16-105 days after inoculation. All DYL, L-SEM, and SEM pigs and the Holstein calf were susceptible to Korea Taenia, and one of the two Sannean goats became infected. The cysticerci recovery rates for L-SEM, SEM and DYL pigs, Holstein calf, and Sannean goat were 5.6, 1.7, 0.06, 0.03 and 0.02% respectively. Cysticerci were recovered only from the livers of the infected animals, and more cysticerci were found in the parenchyma (51%) than on the surface of the liver (49%). Immature cysticerci were first observed on day 16 after infection, mature ones on day 29, and degenerated or calcified cysticerci on day 30. Inoculation of a huge number (380,000) of Korea Taenia eggs lead to early degeneration or calcification of the cysticerci. The length, the width, and the diameters of protoscolex, rostellum, and sucker of the cysticerci were largely proportional to the period of inoculation. The measurements and patterns of the hooklets indicate that Korea Taenia is very similar to Taiwan Taenia but is different from T. saginata and T. solium. The results of the present study provide evidence that Korea Taenia and Taiwan Taenia may be of the same species.

Animals↗