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Biomedical subjects

P C Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to P C Gupta.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cancer deaths in India: is the model-based approach valid?

The model-based cancer mortality estimates for India (775,800) are nearly double the data-based estimates (433,000), and are higher than even the incidence estimates (612,300). The model-based approach is therefore, at least in the case of India, incorrect. Established practice is to use real data to validate theoretical models, not to reject the data if apparently the model does not fit.

Female↗
PubMed1993

An approach to consumer feedback in an out-patient specialty service.

Details an approach to consumer feedback in an out-patient specialty service. Outlines the approach to undertaking a consumer survey and how feedback from people using the Genito-Urinary Medicine services can be obtained. The aim of the survey was to assess the level of individual/personal care. Gives the objectives and methodology, main findings and recommendations, together with a cost benefit analysis of the work.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Primary prevention trial of oral cancer in india: a 10-year follow-up study.

Oral cancer is caused by chewing and smoking of tobacco. To assess the feasibility of primary prevention of oral cancer, two cohorts were studied in base-line surveys and then followed up annually for 10-yr in Ernakulam district of Kerala state. The intervention cohort consisted of 12212 tobacco users aged 15 yr and over, who were exposed to a concentrated program of education against tobacco use. The control cohort was a non-concurrent cohort of 6075 tobacco users studied using similar methods but with a minimal amount of advice against tobacco use. The stoppage of tobacco use increased and the incidence rate of leukoplakia decreased significantly and substantially in the intervention cohort compared to the control cohort. The decrease in the incidence of leukoplakia was indicative of the decrease in the risk of oral cancer since the two were intimately related. This study demonstrated feasibility of primary prevention of oral cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Erythroleukemia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Icterometer: a useful screening tool for neonatal jaundice.

One hundred and sixty one jaundiced newborns were investigated for the usefulness of perspex icterometer as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice. Along with serum bilirubin estimation, icterometer score was simultaneously obtained in all the cases. The correlation between serum bilirubin and icterometer score was high (r = 0.99). The icterometer was useful in various subgroups. A high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value was seen in all the groups. A possible role of icterometer in India for screening newborns with jaundice at peripheral level is highlighted.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1991

Betel quid and oral cancer: prospects for prevention.

Betel-quid chewing is an ancient and socially accepted practice. The introduction of tobacco reinforced this practice, and now almost all habitual chewers of betel quids include tobacco. It is well established that chewing of betel quid with tobacco causes oral cancer and is largely responsible for the high incidence of oral cancer in several South Asian countries. The feasibility of primary prevention of oral cancer was studied in a population-based prospective intervention study. A cohort of 12,212 betel-quid chewers and smokers was exposed to a programme of health education for stopping chewing and smoking and subjected to annual examinations for detection of oral precancerous lesions. Evaluations after one, five and eight years showed that primary prevention of oral cancer is feasible and practicable. Early detection of oral cancer is an important control measure. In a secondary prevention study, 53 basic health workers were trained in the detection and referral of lesions suspected of being oral cancer. Over one year, they examined more than 39,000 high-risk individuals, resulting in the detection of 20 cases of oral cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of their diagnoses was assessed through a re-examination of a 5% sample: we concluded that it was possible to incorporate a secondary prevention programme into the existing health care system.

Areca↗
PubMed1990

A case-control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut.

A case-control study to elucidate the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis was conducted in Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Sixty consecutively arriving oral submucous fibrosis patients at a dental clinic were selected as cases. An equal number of controls matched for age, sex, religion and socioeconomic status were selected from individuals who did not exhibit any oral mucosal lesion or condition. Among cases, 98% chewed areca nut regularly in one form or the other whereas among controls 35% chewed areca nut, giving an overall relative risk of 109.6. Areca nut chewing was practiced most commonly in the form of mawa: a mixture containing mainly areca nut (over 90% by weight), some tobacco, and a few drops of lime. Mawa chewers and those who chewed mawa along with other chewing habits showed very high relative risks. The relative risks increased with increase in the frequency as well as the duration of chewing habits. In a bivariate analysis the effect of frequency and duration of chewing appeared to be multiplicative. The present findings confirm areca nut as the most important etiologic factor in oral submucous fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect on the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis of intervention in the areca nut chewing habit.

Incidence of oral submucous fibrosis was calculated from a 10-yr prospective intervention study of 12,212 individuals with a strong component of health education on tobacco and area nut chewing. Based on 11 new cases among 6341 chewers, the annual incidence was 8.0 per 100,000 among men and 29.0 for women. An earlier 10-yr follow-up study, with no intervention component, served as control. Based on 11 new cases among 3,809 chewers, the annual incidence was 21.3 per 100,000 for men and 45.7 for women controls. Although the decrease in the incidence in the intervention cohort was not statistically significant due to small number of cases, the results underscored the causal role of areca nut chewing and indicated the potential for primary prevention of oral submucous fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Alopecia with rickets: an end organ unresponsiveness to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D--a case report.

Two siblings of a rare syndrome of vitamin D dependent type II rickets are reported for the first time from India. The clinical and biochemical picture was characterised by florid rickets, alopecia, hypocalcemia and resistance to therapy with high dosages of vitamin D3. Due to lack of facilities for estimation of 1,25(OH)2D, alopecia remains the only clue to the diagnosis of this rare syndrome in association with resistant rickets.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1990

Plain radiograph skull: is it really needed in epilepsy?

One hundred and three children with seizure disorder were studied. Plain radiograph skull was normal in all the cases. CT scan skull done in 34 patients, showed abnormalities in 24 cases. More than 80% children in partial seizures group had treatable lesions on CT scans, mainly CNS tuberculoma. The need for omitting plain radiograph skull as a routine investigation for epilepsy cases is emphasized.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

An epidemiologic assessment of cancer risk in oral precancerous lesions in India with special reference to nodular leukoplakia.

A cohort of 12,212 tobacco users was followed up annually to assess malignant potential of oral precancerous lesions in the Ernakulam district in Kerala, India. A total of 19 new oral cancers were diagnosed over a period of 8 years, and 15 (79%) of these arose from some preexisting precancerous lesion or condition. Nodular leukoplakia showed highest rate of malignant transformation (16% per year) as six of 13 nodular leukoplakia underwent malignant transformation over a mean follow-up period of 2.8 years. The relative risk (3243.2) compared with individuals with tobacco habits but without any precancerous oral lesion was also the highest for nodular leukoplakia. In addition, nodular leukoplakia was associated with submucous fibrosis in two patients, which progressed to oral cancer and was the clinical diagnosis for four lesions that turned out to be malignant on histopathologic examination. Nodular appearance was noted in two other precursor lesions as well. Thus, 14 of 19 oral cancers (74%) were either preceded by nodular leukoplakia and with lesions showing a distinct nodular appearance, or had the clinical appearance of nodular leukoplakia.

Adult↗