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Biomedical subjects

P C Maudgal

Publications and source records attributed to P C Maudgal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acanthamoeba keratitis.

During the last year we came across three cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis. They were all contact lens wearers. The diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis was established by the history, clinical picture and the culture of corneal and conjunctival swabs. The patients were treated with metronidazole (Flagyl) 0.5% eyedrops, propamidine isethionate (Brolene) 0.1% eyedrops, Neomycin eyedrops, topical corticosteroids, mydriatics and beta-blockers. One tablet or itraconazole (Sporanox) a day was given orally. Infection subsided in two patients. The third patient still suffers from recurrent corneal erosions and shows a pronounced corneal immune reaction.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed1992

The use of the first locally manufactured epikeratolens for keratoconus in Leuven.

We adapted a lathe to the production of keratolenses. A cornea is mounted on a chuck and frozen at minus 40 degrees C. Hereafter we can cut the desired posterior radius and diameter. The first plano keratolens produced was used to correct keratoconus. The favourable result encouraged us to manufacture keratolenses for the correction of refractive errors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Unilateral congenital nasolacrimal mucocele.

A case of a congenital nasolacrimal mucocele is reported. This very uncommon finding presents usually with a diagnostic triad on CT: an intranasal cystic mass, a dilated nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Effects of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl-purine and -pyrimidine derivatives on TK+ and TK- HSV-1 keratitis in rabbits.

The phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives HPMPA [(S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine], HPMPC [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine] and PMEA [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine] were evaluated as 0.2% eyedrops for their efficacy in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis in the rabbit model. BVDU 0.2% eyedrops were used as the reference treatment. HPMPA, HPMPC, PMEA and BVDU eyedrops showed a rapid and highly significant healing effect (P less than 0.005) on keratitis caused by TK+ HSV-1 (McIntyre strain) when compared with placebo eyedrops, whereas BVDU treatment did not affect the course of TK- HSV-1 (VMW-1837) keratitis. HPMPA and HPMPC treatment again caused a highly significant healing (P less than 0.005, compared with placebo eyedrops). Although PMEA eyedrops were less effective than HPMPA or HPMPC eyedrops, the effect of PMEA eyedrops was significantly (P less than 0.05) different from the effect of either BVDU or placebo eyedrops.

Adenine↗
PubMed1991

Chronic ocular zoster.

In a prospective open trial 40 patients suffering from acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus were treated with systemic acyclovir. An additional 10 patients were treated by topical acyclovir alone and dexamethasone eye-drops were administered to 5 of them to suppress ocular inflammation. In the topical treatment group the period of new skin lesion formation and progression of ocular inflammatory signs were significantly prolonged. Therapy with systemic acyclovir however resulted in a quick and complete resolution of ocular inflammation in all patients. Chronic ocular inflammation developed in 4 out of 10 patients treated with topical acyclovir. We consider chronic ocular zoster as a distinct clinical entity, possibly expressing a failing local immune response against VZV.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine in the therapy of TK+ and TK- herpes simplex virus experimental keratitis.

The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue PMEA [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine] is a broad spectrum antiviral agent effective against DNA viruses and retroviruses. It is particularly active against the human immunodeficiency virus and, like other phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives, it also inhibits HSV-1, TK- HSV-1 and HSV-2. We have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of PMEA in the HSV-1 and TK- HSV-1 experimental keratitis models using BVDU (bromovinyldeoxyuridine) as the reference compound. As compared to placebo eyedrops, PMEA 0.2% and BVDU 0.2% eyedrops induced a rapid and significant healing (P less than 0.005) of keratitis caused by TK+ HSV-1. Treatment with PMEA 0.2% eyedrops also reduced the severity of keratitis caused by the TK- HSV-1 (P less than 0.05), whereas BVDU 0.2% eyedrops did not affect the course of TK- HSV-1 keratitis.

Adenine↗
PubMed1991

Bromovinyldeoxyuridine treatment of herpetic keratitis clinically resistant to other antiviral agents.

Patients suffering from dendritic and geographic corneal ulcers or herpetic stromal keratitis were treated with topical BVDU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, bromovinyldeoxyuridine] 0.1% eyedrops administered during the day only at 1-hour intervals. Treatment with other antiviral drugs, i.e., idoxuridine, trifluridine, vidarabine or Zovirax had failed to ameliorate the ocular disease in 102 patients when their treatment was switched to BVDU eyedrops. Under BVDU therapy, dendritic keratitis in 44 patients healed within an average 7.8 days. Similarly, geographic corneal ulcers in 26 patients and stromal keratitis in 32 patients healed within an average period of 11.2 days and 30.7 days, respectively. Associated therapy with topical corticosteroids was stopped in 65 patients when the antiviral treatment was switched. However, topical corticosteroids had to be used together with BVDU drops to arrest stromal inflammation in 49 patients. Ultimately, 36 patients became corticosteroid-dependent. Except for local hypersensitivity reaction in three patients, BVDU eyedrops did not cause any toxic side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)cytosine in the therapy of thymidine kinase-positive and -deficient herpes simplex virus experimental keratitis.

The phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivative, (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl methoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC), was evaluated for its efficacy in the topical treatment of experimental keratitis caused by thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) or thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains. The HPMPC 0.2% eyedrops were as effective as the reference compound, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, (BVDU) 0.2% eyedrops in stimulating the healing of epithelial disease caused by the HSV-1 TK+ strain. Both drugs achieved a significant (P less than 0.005) healing effect compared with placebo eyedrops. No significant differences were noted in the efficacy of HPMPC 0.2% eyedrops when instilled one, three, or nine times a day. In the treatment of keratitis caused by the HSV-1 TK- strain, 0.2% BVDU eyedrops were similar to placebo; 0.2% HPMPC eyedrops again had a brisk and significant healing effect (P less than 0.005).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cytopathology of adenovirus keratitis by replica technique.

Corneal replicas were made from the severely affected eyes of 12 patients presenting with typical signs and symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Adenovirus was isolated from the eyes. Histopathological study of the replicas and cytology of diseased cells removed with the replica showed diffuse mild oedema of the epithelium, with scattered moderately swollen and deformed cells. The clinically observed punctate lesions histologically consisted of markedly swollen cells that had become oval or rounded. Fusion of these cells led to small syncytial formations, and the development of pseudopodia-like processes was occasionally observed. Loss of cell contents resulted in the formation of plicae on the surface of many cells. Two types of inclusion bodies were detected in the epithelial cells. The first type, intranuclear vacuolar inclusions, contained homogeneous material. The second type of inclusions were round, dense bodies, that developed in the homogeneous material of intranuclear vacuolar inclusions. The dense bodies contained the replicating and maturing virus particles. After cell degeneration the dense bodies become extracellular. Making a corneal replica had a beneficial effect on the clinical course of adenovirus keratitis.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1989

Bromovinyldeoxyuridine and interferon treatment in ulcerative herpetic keratitis: a double masked study.

Bromovinyldeoxyuridine is a potent and safe antiherpes compound that in combination with a placebo treatment promoted the partial and complete healing of herpetic epithelial disease in 22 patients in average times of 4-6 days and 8.5 days respectively. However, when BVDU was combined with 1.5 X 10(6) IU of recombinant a 2C interferon, partial and complete healing times for keratitis in 19 patients were reduced to 2-6 days and 4-6 days respectively. No toxic effects of the medications were observed in any patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Acanthamoeba keratitis: report of three cases.

During the last year we diagnosed three patients to have Acanthamoeba keratitis. In one patient, who wore soft contact lenses, keratitis had developed after swimming in a contaminated heated swimming pool. Neither a history of trauma was present in two other patients nor did they wear contact lenses. Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba was established by Calcofluor White (cellufluor) staining of the scraped corneal material. Patients were treated with Flagyl (metronidazole) 0.5% eyedrops, Brolene (propamidine isethionate) 0.1% eyedrops, Neomycin eyedrops, topical corticosteroids (including sustain-release corticosteroid subconjunctival injections) and mydriatics. Keratitis in one patient healed within one month with full visual recovery, whereas the disease nearly ameliorated in the second patient. Corneal inflammation subsided markedly in the third patient with medical therapy, but a keratoplasty had to be performed because of a central opaque and ectatic cornea. This patient had already developed severe keratitis with necrosis of the cornea at the time of diagnosis.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
PubMed1988

Incidence and clinical presentation of chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis: a preliminary study.

Using a direct immunofluorescent technique and monoclonal antibody, chlamydia trachomatis was detected in the conjunctival smears of 13 out of 47 patients presenting with conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis (an incidence of 28%). Two patients presented with acute symptoms of few days duration, whereas the condition was chronic and of long duration in 11 patients. Conjunctival changes noted were upper and lower palpebral conjunctival follicles and papillae (11 patients), chemosis (5 patients), upper tarsal scar (2 patients) and pseudomembrane (one patient). Corneal involvement was detected in 9 patients and was manifested as micropannus (6 patients), multiple small epithelial punctate stains (3 patients), extensive pannus affecting the upper third of the cornea (2 patients), subepithelial punctate infiltrates similar to that of adenovirus infection (2 patients) and upper limbal follicles (one patient). Identification of chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival smears by use of the monoclonal antibody is a simple, rapid and reliable laboratory procedure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Experimental chlamydial keratitis in rabbits. Correlation with chlamydia infected McCoy tissue culture cells.

Rabbit corneas were inoculated three times at weekly intervals with the agent of chlamydia trachomatis using the scratch method. Specimens of the corneal epithelium were obtained using the replica technique on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day after each inoculation and at two weeks after the last inoculation. The development of chlamydial inclusions and the inflammatory cell response were monitored using Giemsa stain, acridine orange stain and direct immunofluorescent technique. Primary inoculation produced mild clinical disease associated cytologically with polymorphonuclear leucocytic cellular inflammatory response. Repeated inoculations produced more severe disease associated clinically with pannus formation and cytologically with the presence of lymphocytes and Leber cells in addition to polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Halberstaedter Prowazek inclusion bodies were detected in all the specimens. Additional intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions of different morphological appearances were present. The cytological findings detected in the corneal epithelium of rabbits were correlated with the findings in McCoy tissue culture cells inoculated with chlamydia trachomatis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

VCTS chart evaluation as a screening test.

Contrast sensitivity curves of 211 randomly selected patients were drawn using the VCTS chart. Depending on the type of curve obtained, patients were grouped in different diagnostic categories following the instructions supplied with the chart. Clinical examination revealed that the VCTS chart curves indicated a false diagnosis of cataract in 65.5% patients and in 54.2% patients a false diagnosis of glaucoma. In a number of additional patients, VCTS chart testing had failed to indicate the presence of cataract or glaucoma. Contrary to the claims of the manufacturer our results demonstrate that the VCTS chart has no value as a screening device in a clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Immunocytological study of phlyctenular eye disease.

Scrapings from phlyctens and conjunctiva of 12 patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis were studied using OKT4-Leu3a, OKT8, B1, BA1, S-100 and HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. T-lymphocytes were present in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings. OKT4-Leu3a positive cells outnumbered the OKT8 positive cells in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings. B1 and BA1 positive cells were absent from the conjunctival scrapings, but were present in the phlyctenular scrapings. S-100 positive cells were present in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings. However, they were very few in the conjunctival scrapings. Most of the cells in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings were HLA-DR positive. These findings support the hypothesis that cell mediated immunity is responsible for the pathogenesis of phlyctenular eye disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cytological and immunohistochemical study of the limbal form of vernal keratoconjunctivitis by the replica technique.

The cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate present in 13 patients with the limbal form of vernal keratoconjunctivitis was examined in the conjunctival scrapings and the limbic replicas by means of Giemsa stain and immunohistochemistry. Conjunctival scrapings showed the presence of mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and very few basophils in all the specimens. Eosinophils were present in only four scrapings. The superficial epithelium of the limbic lesion and the adjacent cornea and conjunctiva was studied by the replica technique. The limbic lesion area showed the presence of necrotic epithelial cells mixed with inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes and very few basophils. Most of the inflammatory cells were HLA-DR+. Many OKT6+ cells were present, indicating the presence of Langerhans cells. T-lymphocytes including a few helper/inducer cells and many suppressor/cytotoxic cells, were detected in the infiltrate. In addition many B-lymphocytes were observed. These findings suggest that other immune mechanisms in addition to type 1 reaction are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Experimental thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1 keratitis: therapeutic attempts.

Trifluridine (TFT) and a structurally related analogue, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FDU), were investigated for their efficacy in the topical treatment of experimental keratitis caused by thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) and thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains. Bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU) was used as a reference compound. Both 0.2% BVDU and 0.2% TFT eyedrops produced a highly significant healing of TK+HSV-1 keratitis as compared to the placebo and 0.2% FDU eyedrops (P much less than 0.005), whereas the latter compound did not differ from placebo eyedrops. In the treatment of TK HSV-1 keratitis, none of the drugs exhibited a beneficial healing effect, although the virus strain used was inhibited in vitro by TFT and FDU at a very low concentration (0.02-0.04 microgram/mL).

Animals↗