Biomedical subjects

P C Reade

Publications and source records attributed to P C Reade.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Candida species and Candida albicans morphotypes in erythematous candidiasis.

A group of full-denture-wearing patients with erythematous candidiasis was matched by age and sex with a group of healthy, full-denture-wearing persons who served as controls. In the group with erythematous candidiasis, clinical symptoms and signs of the disease were recorded. Denture hygiene and tobacco use were noted in both groups. Epithelial smears and imprint cultures were obtained from both groups from specified sites. Cultures were grown and subjected to species identification and C. albicans strain differentiation by a morphotyping technique. Denture-wearing subjects who smoked tobacco had a significantly greater incidence of erythematous candidiasis than the controls. Five species of Candida were isolated from both groups, with C. albicans as the dominant species. Twenty different morphotypes of C. albicans as well as strains involved in erythematous candidiasis were also isolated from the oral cavities of healthy, full-denture-wearing control subjects.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome--type 2b. Case report and review.

The multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes are an association of tumours of 2 or more endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN 2b) patients develop medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytomas as well as unique physical characteristics. Most commonly, MEN2b is inherited with an autosomal dominant pattern although sporadic cases are not uncommon. If untreated the disease may be lethal. The facial, oral and ocular characteristics are reliable markers of the disease. These patients give a history most commonly of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, hypertension and life-long diarrhoea and/or constipation. MEN2b is most commonly characterised by nodules on the anterior aspect of the tongue, thickened lips with nodules, thickened upper eyelids, broadened nasal bridge, thickened corneal nerves and dilated, symmetrical, pedunculated nodules on the cheek mucosa. The patient described has most of these characteristics. Radiographic features of the jaws which have not been previously described are reported. These include a markedly enlarged and bifurcated inferior alveolar canal and shortened roots of the lower incisor teeth. Due to the lethality of the disease, patients who present with the above physical characteristics must be further investigated to exclude MEN2b.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1992

Candida albicans as a promoter of oral mucosal neoplasia.

A model of oral mucosal carcinogenesis using the water-soluble carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was combined with a model of oral mucosal candidosis to examine the ability of Candida albicans to promote the development of neoplasia in suitably initiated epithelium. Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated by the application of 4NQO to their palatal and tongue mucosa 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. The animals then received either application of a phorbol ester to act as a promoter, induction of experimental oral mucosal infection with C. albicans, or no further procedures. Animals were killed at 34 or 52 weeks and the tongues and palates sectioned for light-microscopic examination. Control groups with no treatment, mucosal infection only, phorbol ester application only, 4NQO with the tetracycline or vehicle application only were also used. The development of carcinoma in the experimental groups was similar to that in the positive control groups, indicating that the particular strain of Candida used had a similar ability to promote neoplastic changes as the known promoter phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and caused neoplastic changes to occur by week 34 with no additional lesions occurring by week 52. This indicated that the speculation that strains of C. albicans may participate in causing neoplastic transformation in humans was well founded.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1992

Direct immunofluorescence of oral mucosal biopsies: a comparison of fresh-frozen tissue and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

The diagnosis of some oral mucosal diseases can be facilitated by the use of direct immunofluorescence. Fresh frozen tissue is preferred when using this technique, however frequently the material received by the histopathology laboratory has been fixed in formalin. Enzyme digestion of tissue sections glued to glass slides prior to incubation with antibodies was shown in this study to give comparable results with direct immunofluorescence on fresh frozen tissue and can be used for diagnostic purposes when fresh frozen tissue is unavailable or not representative of the disease process.

Basement Membrane↗

PubMed1992

Quantitation and morphotyping of Candida albicans from healthy mouths and from mouths affected by erythematous candidosis.

Imprint culture and a mouthwash method were used to determine if quantitative differences exist between isolates of Candida albicans from individuals with healthy oral mucosa and from patients with erythematous candidosis (EC). The C. albicans isolated were differentiated by morphotyping. No quantitative difference in yeast isolations was observed with either technique irrespective of tobacco smoking status, the presence of a prosthesis, or EC. Multiple morphotypes were isolated from smokers with upper dentures and from smokers and non-smokers with EC, whilst a single morphotype was isolated from non-smokers with a healthy oral mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in experimental oral mucosal carcinogenesis: establishing a technique.

The carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide was applied to the palatal mucosa of rats for varying periods of time. This tissue was separated into epithelial and connective components and then recombined in various combinations and implanted into hypothymic mice. Seventy-two per cent of the implants were recovered and were suitable for detailed histological analysis. The technique provides a suitable model for the assessment of epithelial-connective tissue interactions in experimental oral mucosal carcinogenesis.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1991

Role of depressive illness in the outcome of treatment of temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of a depressive illness in the outcome of the treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome. One group was considered psychiatrically normal and the other had a concurrent depressive illness. The latter group was subdivided equally to produce three treatment groups: one undergoing occlusal splint therapy, one receiving antidepressant medication, and the third having a combination of occlusal splint and antidepressant therapy. The results showed clearly that there was a significant difference in response in the nonpsychiatric and combined-therapy depressed groups in comparison with the two depressed groups treated either with occlusal splint or with antidepressant therapy. The combined therapy led to resolution of the painful problem and the depression, whereas the single therapies were only partly successful in relieving the pain-dysfunction syndrome. The preexisting duration of this painful problem did not influence the response to therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Monosodium glutamate-related orofacial granulomatosis. Review and case report.

A case is reported in a 15-year-old white girl who had a swollen lower face and lips; a diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis was made. It was suspected that her condition had an allergic basis because an increase in clinical signs and symptoms was shown to be related to the food additive monosodium glutamate. Treatment with a restricted diet resulted in resolution of the facial swelling.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

An intraoral splint for the prevention of microstomia from facial burns.

Microstomia may be a disfiguring complication of severe burn injuries of the soft tissues of the face. The constriction of the perioral myocutaneous tissues following such trauma poses several problems and usually necessitates major plastic and reconstructive intervention. A novel technique is described which limited the anticipated constriction of perioral tissues in a 21-year-old female who suffered full skin thickness burns to 65 per cent of her body, including her face, following a self-induced petrol burn.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Basal cell nuclear size in experimental oral mucosal carcinogenesis.

It has been suggested that the size of the nuclei of epithelial basal cells can be used in predicting the likelihood of malignant transformation of epithelium. This proposition was assessed in rat palatal epithelium after the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide had been applied to the epithelium for varying periods of time. No consistent alterations in basal cell nuclear size, including area, perimeter, diameter and regularity of form were found with routine light microscopy as the epithelium passed through various stages of dysplasia to carcinoma. This finding casts doubt on the value of using a variation of basal cell nuclear size as a predictor of malignant transformation.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1991

Temporal alterations in cytokeratin expression during experimental oral mucosal carcinogenesis.

Precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were induced in the oral mucosa of outbred male Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated application of the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Temporal alterations in the pattern of cytokeratins expressed by epithelial cells in these developing neoplasms were investigated by means of one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by probing electrophoretic blots of these gels with anticytokeratin antibodies. Progressive diminution in the expression of a 58.3 kDa cytokeratin was detected in moderately dysplastic epithelium and subsequent lesions, as was reduced expression of a 53.5 kDa cytokeratin after a stage of severe dysplasia had been induced. Analysis of two-dimensional electrophoretograms indicated an alkaline shift of acidic variants of a 49.0 kDa cytokeratin in moderately dysplastic epithelium; this shift was more pronounced in the induced, severely dysplastic epithelium and SCCs. The latter finding of an alkaline shift in cytokeratins of dysplastic epithelial cells has not been previously reported in preneoplastic lesions.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1991

The type, origin and function of the odontogenic cells of continuously growing guinea-pig molars.

Little is known about which cell types act as the origin of odontogenic stem cells and how these stem cells differentiate to become functional. In the present study 3-day-old guinea-pigs were injected with tritiated thymidine, killed at intervals and their molars studied. The odontogenic cells were found to originate from the stem cells which by autoradiography were shown to be slow cycling and lightly labelled. As they differentiated they became heavily labelled and were designated transit 'dividing cells'. With further differentiation the cells were unlabelled and were designated 'simple transit cells'. It was concluded from the present study that outer enamel epithelium functioned as the source of all odontogenic epithelium; that primitive mesenchyme around the cervical loop functioned as the source of all odontogenic mesenchyme and that all of the transit cells which differentiated to become functional migrated coronally.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Oral pemphigus vulgaris in young adults.

Three patients, aged 31, 26, and 22 years, had pemphigus vulgaris. A delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment occurred because the initial presentation was confined to the oral mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

The effect of topical vitamin C on palatal oral mucosal carcinogenesis using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide.

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient whose protective influence in carcinogenesis has been reported frequently. In general, evidence suggests that vitamin C inhibits the formation of some carcinogens and decreases the incidence and delays the onset of neoplastic lesions but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not known. In 1973, Wallenius and Lekholm induced intra-oral palatal squamous cell carcinomas by the use of the water soluble carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) applied thrice weekly to the palatal mucosa of rats. The aim of this study was to determine if in rats topically applied vitamin C had an effect on the process of carcinogenesis caused by the application of 4NQO. The results of this study showed that in the 4NQO treated animals a progression through mild, moderate and severe dysplasia occurred prior to neoplastic changes at 24 weeks and that this progression was delayed in the animals treated topically with vitamin C. It can be concluded that topically applied vitamin C has a modulating effect on the neoplastic process induced by 4NQO in the palatal mucosa of rats.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1990

Progressive bulbar palsy: a case report of a type of motor neuron disease presenting with oral symptoms.

A case is presented of a patient with progressive bulbar palsy, a form of motor neuron disease, which is a progressive degenerative disorder of the motor nuclei in the medulla producing atrophy and fasciculations of the musculature of the tongue, dysarthria, dysphagia, and excessive accumulation of secretions. The patient may initially seek dental consultation. Clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of this inexorably fatal disease so that an early neurologic referral is made and the appropriate symptomatic therapies instituted.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Regional macrodontia and regional bony enlargement associated with congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face presenting as unilateral facial hyperplasia. Brief review and case report.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CIL-F) is a rare lesion. Presented here is a review of the literature concerning this condition, with the report of a case with clinical signs indistinguishable from those of unilateral facial hyperplasia. Previously unreported clinical and radiographic features of regional bony hypertrophy and macrodontia associated with this case of CIL-F are described and the proposition raised that previously reported cases of unilateral facial hyperplasia may have been due to CIL-F. It is suggested that the clinical findings in this case of facial asymmetry associated with CIL-F, regional macrodontia and regional bony enlargement may constitute a previously undescribed syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Comparison of eosinophil densities in oral mucosal lichen planus and lichenoid drug reactions.

The eosinophil density in various tissue compartments in oral mucosal lichen planus and oral mucosal lichenoid drug reactions was studied using a variety of staining methods and histomorphometry. No significant differences were found, indicating that the presence of eosinophils cannot be used as a reliable histologic criterion for establishing a diagnosis of oral mucosal lichenoid drug reactions.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Assessment of the value of immunofluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of oral mucosal lichen planus.

Accurate diagnosis of oral mucosal lichen planus (OMLP) is essential if appropriate management is to be instituted. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF) has facilitated the diagnosis of some dermatologic diseases with oral manifestations, but its use in the diagnosis of OMLP is less well documented. In the present study, 165 biopsies from consecutive cases for which a provisional diagnosis of OMLP was suggested clinically or on the basis of routine histopathologic, or DIF assessment were studied. In 27 cases the results of DIF were non-contributory. In 13 cases the diagnosis could only be established by DIF examination. Nine cases clinically diagnosed as OMLP were assigned to a different condition on the basis of routine histology and DIF. It was concluded that DIF was an integral step in the diagnosis of OMLP.

Basement Membrane↗