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Biomedical subjects

P Camara

Publications and source records attributed to P Camara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Salmonella enteritidis splenic abscess complicating a Plasmodium falciparum malaria attack].

INTRODUCTION: Salmonella splenic abscesses are rare and usually occur on pre-existing lesions. OBSERVATION: A Moorish 16 year-old woman from Senegal presented with a S. enteritidis abscess without any factor other than an attack of P. falciparum malaria. Treatment associated quinine salts, antibiotherapy and splenectomy. COMMENTS: P. falciparum malaria attacks not only induce humoral and then cellular immunodepression but are also at the origin of infarction or splenic hematoma that may enhance bacterial infection and the development of abscesses. Splenectomy or percutaneous drainage associated with antibiotherapy is the usual treatment for splenic abscesses. Prognosis remains severe (13 to 16% mortality).

Abscess↗
PubMed2001

Ordinary and opportunistic enteropathogens associated with diarrhea in Senegalese adults in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus.

OBJECTIVES: A survey was conducted in Dakar, Senegal, to identify major types and prevalences of bacteria, parasites, fungi, and Rotaviruses associated with diarrhea in relation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus with the goal to provide guidance to physicians for case management. METHODS: Etiologic agents were identified in a case control study: cases were HIV-infected patients with diarrhea (HIV+ D+) and HIV seronegative patients with diarrhea (HIV D+); controls were HIV-infected patients without diarrhea (HIV+ D ) and seronegative controls without diarrhea (HID D ). Ordinary enteric pathogens were identified by conventional methods. Different Escherichia coli pathotypes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), identification of HEp-2 cell adherence pattern, Sereny test, GM1-ELISA, and the suckling mouse assay. Opportunistic parasites, such as Cryptosporidium and Microsporidium, were identified by the Kinyoun method and trichromic stain of Weber, respectively. Rotaviruses were identified with a commercial latex agglutination kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: Among the 594 patients examined, 158 were HIV+ D+, 121 were HIV2 D+, 160 were HIV+ D , and 155 were HIV D . The main etiologies of diarrhea were different according to HIV serostatus of patients. In immunocompetent adults the main causes of diarrhea were Shigella sp (12.4%), Entamoeba histolytica(10.7%), Salmonella enterica (6.6%), and Giardia (4.9%). In the immunocompromised host the more frequent pathogens were enteroaggregative E. coli (19.6%), Microsporidium (9.4%), Cryptosporidium sp (8.2%), Rotavirus (8.2%), Shigella sp (7.6%), Candida albicans (7.6%), E. histolytica (5.1%), S. enterica (4.4%), and Isospora belli (4.4%). Also, Blastocystis hominis has to be considered as an opportunistic parasite, because it was identified only in HIV-infected patients, with higher prevalence in adults with diarrhea (2.5% in HIV+ D+ patients; 0.6% in HIV+ D patients). High level of asymptomatic carriage of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and some cases of multiple infections were observed. Fungi, Cryptosporidium sp and Microsporidium sp, were often identified in patients with low CD4 counts (range, 79 250 cells/mL). Independently from HIV-serostatus, CD4 count was lower in diarrheic persons, suggesting that diarrhea is a debilitating illness and that effective management of diarrhea can prevent immunosuppression. Isolated enteropathogenic strains displayed high resistance to most antibiotics used in Senegal for treating diarrhea (ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole); they were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, and norfloxacin. CONCLUSION: These epidemiologic data suggest that guidelines for the management of diarrhea during HIV infection in Dakar should be updated.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

[Cerebromeningeal listeriosis associated with a cytolytic hepatitis. First case report in Senegal].

Hepatitis due to Listeria monocytogenes is uncommon in adults. This report describes the first case observed in Senegal. The patient was a 73-year old man presenting listeria-related hepatitis presumably secondary to low-grade meningeal encephalitis. Treatment using ampicillin was unsuccessful and the patient died four days after hospitalization. The authors note that the incidence of adult listeriosis has risen constantly for the past twenty years in relation with alcohol abuse, cirrhosis, diabetes, kidney insufficiency, cancer, AIDS, and organ transplantation. However no predisposing factors were observed in the present case.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Thyroid cardiac diseases in the African hospital milieu: experience of the Principal Hospital of Dakar, Senegal].

The incidence of cardiomyopathy associated with hyperthyroidism in black Africa is unclear. A prospective study was carried out at the Principal Hospital in Dakar, Senegal to systematically screen for thyrocardiac disease using cardiologic examinations including electrocardiography and ultrasound in a series of 15 men and 35 women with hyperthyroidism. Cardiac manifestations were detected in 3 men and 8 women including right ventricular insufficiency in 9 cases, left ventricular insufficiency and angor in one. After treatment of hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation disappeared in two cases and angor in one. Isolated dilated hypokinetic cardiomyopathy observed in 6 patients was the most common ultrasound finding and disappeared after treatment of thyroid dysfunction in 5. Manifestations occurred in two patients with mitro-aortic valve disease and one patient with isolated aortic valve disease. Based on these findings, the incidence of cardiomyopathy in patients with hyperthyroidism in Senegal was estimated to be 22 per 100 cases. This is similar to the incidence reported in industrialized countries. However the age of occurrence is lower and rheumatic valve disease was the most common associated cardiopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Adults with sickle cell anemia in Senegal. Clinical study of 40 homozygote subjects].

While the well-documented life expectancy of patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia (SS) is 40 years in industrialized countries, this question remains unanswered in black Africa. The purpose of this prospective study was to establish the clinical phenotype for Senegal. A severity score based on 12 clinical, laboratory, radiological, and prognostic findings was calculated and correlated with age and hemoglobin F level. A total of 40 SS homozygotes over 15 years of age (mean age: 25 years) were hospitalized between January 1996 and January 1998 at the Principal Hospital in Dakar. The most common events requiring hospitalization were vasoocclusive phenomena (n = 26) but the incidence of these complications declined significantly with age (p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 4.4 mmol/l and the mean hemoglobin F level was 6.2 p. 100. The incidence of visceral involvement was low (lithiasic vesicules in 17 cases, necrosis of the head of the femur in 7, and abnormal cardiac ultrasound findings in 10). Only one patient died during the study. No correlation was found between severity score and either age or hemoglobin F level. These findings confirm that the phenotype is less severe in Senegal. However they also show that organ damage is common by the time that patients reach adulthood and thus underline the need for prevention and education to improve survival of SS homozygotes in Senegal.

Adolescent↗