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Biomedical subjects

P Camner

Publications and source records attributed to P Camner.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Elimination of test particles from the human tracheobronchial tract by voluntary coughing.

The effect of coughing on the elimination of inhaled 6 micrometer radioactively tagged teflon particles in humans was studied by external measurements of the radioactivity retained in the lungs before and after 1--2 min of voluntary coughing. In six healthy subjects coughing produced no substantial elimination of the particles. Six out of eight patients with lung disease produced expectorate and also eliminated particles from the lungs by coughing. The other two patients had no phlegm, did not produce any expectorate and did not eliminate particles by coughing. An increased amount of tracheobronchial secretion thus seems to be necessary for coughing to be effective. In the patients, the elimination of particles by coughing was fairly reproducible, suggesting that the test model may be useful for investigation of the influence of physiological and pharmacological factors on the elimination process.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

On the function of cilia in the female reproductive tract.

A recently discovered syndrome is characterized by congenital immotility of the cilia. It consists of chronic infections in the respiratory system, male infertility, and, in about one-half of the cases, situs inversus. The syndrome thus includes Kartagener's syndrome. The syndrome provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the role of the cilia in the human body. Five women evidently suffering from this syndrome were examined. They had no gynecologic disorders. Three of the five women had tried to become pregnant and two have suceeded. A review of the literature indicates that men with Kartagener's syndrome are usually infertile, whereas the women are not. This fact and the data presented herein constitute strong evidence that ciliary motility is not essential for female fertility. More conclusive proof could be obtained if any of the affected women would consent to ultrastructural investigation of the oviductal cilia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Alveolar macrophage function in nickel dust exposed rabbits.

8 rabbits were exposed to metallic nickel dust (2 mg/m3, of which about half was respirable) for 4 weeks. The lungs were lavaged and the macrophages were collected. In comparison with 8 control rabbits, a significant increase was noted in the nickel exposed rabbits as concerned the weight and density of the lungs, the size variation of the lung cells, the phagocytosis of silver coated particles, and the metabolic activity as measured by NBT reduction. The last mentioned increase was recorded during basal conditions as well as during phagocytosis. The NBT reduction during phagocytosis was significantly correlated with the degree of phagocytosis of silver coated particles in both control and exposed rabbits. It is suggested that the exposure to nickel dust has unspecifically activated the macrophages perhaps by increased production of phospholipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Tracheobronchial clearance 5-15 months after infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Tracheobronchial clearance was studied in 17 non-smokers who had suffered from a serologically verified Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia 5-15 months earlier. The subjects inhaled 6 micron teflon particles tagged with 99mTc. The retention of the particles in the lungs was measured for 2 h. The retention after 2 h in this group was significantly higher than in a control group of healthy non-smokers. The results suggest that some impairment persists 5-15 months after the infection or that persons with slow clearance contract a mycoplasma pneumonia more easily than do those with fast clearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Tracheobronchial clearance in patients with emphysema associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Tracheobronchial clearance was studied in five patients who had emphysema associated with deficiency of serum alpha1-antitrypsin but no history of chronic bronchitis. After the patients had inhaled an aerosol of 6 micrometer teflon particles tagged with 99mTc, the radioactivity in the lungs was followed externally during 2 h. Clearance in the emphysematous patients was normal or even rapid as compared with clearance in healthy subjects, and was significantly more rapid than clearance in patients with a history of chronic bronchitis. The results indicate that emphysema can develop in patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency without their having an impairment of mucociliary transport.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Cystic fibrosis compared with the immotile-cilia syndrome. A study of mucociliary clearance, ciliary ultrastructure, clinical picture and ventilatory function.

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were investigated for mucociliary clearance (with and without stimulation by terbutaline), clinical picture, ventilatory function and ultrastructure of cilia. The results were compared with those of patients with congenitally immotile cilia (immotile-cilia syndrome). Mucociliary clearance could be demonstrated in all the seven CF patients who succeeded in inhaling the test aerosol. Ciliary ultrastructure from a deceased CF patient was normal. Patients with the immotile cilia syndrome had no substantial clearance and defective cilia. The CF patients coughed more during the clearance measurements than any other group studied earlier, and their coughing was effective. One patient succeeded in avoiding coughing in both measurements and had faster clearance when he got terbutaline than when he got the vehicle. Although younger, the CF patients tended to be more obstructed in their lungs and more handicapped than the patients suffering from the immotile-cilia syndrome. The latter patients had more discomfort from rhinitis, sinusitis and otitis than had the CF patients. An impairment of the mucociliary transport rate is hence unlikely to be a primary pathogenic factor for the respiratory tract disease in CF patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

On the pathogenesis of obstructive lung disease. A study on the immotile-cilia syndrome.

The role of mucociliary transport in man can be evaluated by studying persons with the recently recognised "immotile-cilia syndrome". Such persons have chronic or recurrent infections of the upper and lower airways and have ultrastructural defects of cilia and sperm tails. Men suffering from the syndrome usually are sterile and have immotile spermatozoa. About half of the subjects have complete situs inversus. Fourteen persons with the immotile-cilia syndrome have been studied here in an attempt to evaluate the role of an impaired mucociliary transport for the development of obstructive lung disease. Age range was 25-40 years; there were ten men and four women. Mucociliary transport in the lungs was extremely slow in all subjects. Spirometry demonstrated airway obstruction in nine subjects. Two of these subjects had radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema. The results indicate that an absent mucociliary transport predisposes to the development of obstructive lung disease. Patients with classic chronic bronchitis have earlier been shown to have a severely impaired mucociliary transport. The present findings in subjects with primary ciliary immotility make it probable that this impaired mucociliary transport is of pathogenetic importance for development of the obstructive lung disease often found in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The immotile-cilia syndrome. A congenital ciliary abnormality as an etiologic factor in chronic airway infections and male sterility.

We investigated six men and a woman suspected of suffering from congenital immotility of cilia. All had chronic airway infections, and the men had immotile spermatozoa. The woman and three men had Kartagener's syndrome. The investigations included measurements of the mucociliary transport in the lower airways and ultrastructural studies of the sperm tails or respiratory cilia (or both). Mucociliary transport was significantly delayed. Sperm tails lacked dynein arms in five patients. Respiratory cilia from the women and two men lacked dynein arms and were irregularly oriented. The results support the hypothesis that a congenital defect in the cilia and sperm tails will cause chronic respiratory-tract infections and male sterility--the immotile-cilia syndrome. In about half these patients there will also be a situs inversus--i.e., Kartagener's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Tracheobronchial clearance and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in patients with chronic bronchitis.

The effect of a beta-adrenoceptor stimulating agent, terbutaline, on mucociliary transport in the lungs was studied in 10 patients with chronic bronchitis. Mucociliary transport was studied by having the patients inhale 6mum teflon particles tagged with 99mTc and by external measurement of the radioactivity in the lungs in the supine position. Terbutaline 0.25 mg and vehicle respectively were given subcutaneously in a cross-over double-blind study. On the average, clearance was slow in the examinations where the patients were given vehicle. Terbutaline produced a marked increase in mucociliary transport in four patients, a smaller increase in one and no effect in the others. Three out of the four patients who showed a marked inrease in clearance had less ventilatory impairment than the other seven patients. This may indicate that the mucociliary transport mechanism is less severely damaged in relatively early stages of the disease than in later stages. On the average FEV1.0 deteriorated significantly during the clearance measurements when vehicle was given, but did not change significantly when terbutaline was given.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Tracheobronchial clearance in bronchial asthma: response to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.

Tracheobronchial clearance was studied in 12 patients with bronchial asthma. They inhaled a test aerosol of 6 mum teflon particles tagged with 99mTc, after which external measurement of the radioactivity in the lungs was made for 2 h in the supine position. Clearance was determined after subcutaneous administration of 0.25 mg of the beta-adrenoceptor stimulating compound terbutaline and vehicle, respectively, in a crossover, double-blind study. The average clearance in the asthmatics did not differ significantly from that of healthy non-smokers. Terbutaline significantly enhanced clearance in the asthmatics, though considerably less than reported for healthy subjects. Alternative explanations for this weak effect of terbutaline in the asthmatics might be that the mucociliary transport system was affected by the asthma disease, or that earlier treatment with beta-adrenoceptor stimulating compounds or other drugs had produced increased tolerance and/or carry-over effects. Ventilatory function measured as FEV1.0 deteriorated significantly during the clearance measurement when vehicle was given, but not when terbutaline was given. Terbutaline thus counteracted the unfavourable effect of the supine position on ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evidence of congenitally nonfunctioning cilia in the tracheobronchial tract in two subjects.

Mucociliary transport in the tracheobronchial tract was studies in 2 subjects by having them inhale a radioactively tagged test aerosol and by taking external measurements of the radioacitivity in the lungs for 2 hours. Both subjects had living, yet immotile seprmatozoa; the sperm tails lacked normal dynein arms, which are essential for the bending movements of sperm tails as well as of other cilia. The subjects were classified as suffering from Kartagener's syndrome (situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis) and were shown to have an extremely slow, probably absent transport. The results of the study were in agreement with a recent hypothesis explaining Kartagener's syndrome as due to a genetic lack of dynein arms. An estimate of the importance of mucociliary transport as a protective mechanism of the lung may be possible by examining patients suffering from Kartagener's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased mucociliary transport by adrenergic stimulation.

Tracheobronchial clearance of inhaled 6mum Teflon particles (density 2 gm/cu cm) tagged with technetium 99m was studied in healthy subjects by external measurement of the radioactivity in the lungs for two hours. Clearance, salivary secretion, blood pressure, and heart rate were determined in eight subjects after double-blind, subcutaneous administration of 0.25 mg terbutaline sulfate, a beta-adrenoceptor stimulating compound and vehicle, respectively, in a crossover study. Terbutaline produced a marked increase in clearance and a slight increase in heart rate, but had no important effect on salivary secretion or blood pressure. The result indicates that the blood concentrations of catecholamines might be of importance for the regulation of the mucociliary transport rate.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung clearance of 4-micron particles coated with silver, carbon, or beryllium.

Lung clearance in rabbits during the first week after inhalation of 4-micron teflon particles tagged with chromium-51 and coated with silver, carbon, or beryllium was studied by external measurements of the radioactivity in the lungs. Ten rabbits were exposed to silver- and carbon-coated particles on two separate occasions within 3 weeks. Clearances of the two types of particles were quite similar. Clearance in eight other rabbits that had inhaled silver-coated particles was quite similar to clearance in eight rabbits that had inhaled beryllium-coated particles. The result is regarded as evidence that alveolar macrophages do not play an active role in removing intact particles from the lung the first week after inhalation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human alveolar deposition of 4 micron teflon particles.

On two occasions ten healthy men inhaled with maximally deep inhalations at 0.5 1/sec a test aerosol of 4 micron teflon particles tagged with 111In. Radioactivity in the lungs was measured a few min, 24 hr, and 2, 3, and 4 days after inhalation. Retention decreased greatly between the measurements performed a few min and 24 hr after inhalation, but was similar in measurements 1 to 4 days after inhalation. Among individuals, retention varied considerably 1 to 4 days after inhalation (by a factor of 2), but the retention in each individual subject was uniform. Measuring the retention of a radioactively tagged test aerosol 1 day after inhalation, and regarding this retention as alveolar deposition, might be of value in preventive measures against certain toxic dusts.

Adult↗