Biomedical subjects

P Chelladurai

Publications and source records attributed to P Chelladurai.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Individual differences, perceived task characteristics, and preferences for teaching and coaching.

One hundred ninety-two undergraduate physical education students participated in this study of the influence of individual differences, group, and task factors on respondents' preferences for teaching or coaching. The individual difference factors were gender, managerial potential (Gough, 1984), and sex role attributes (Spence & Helmreich, 1986). The group and task differences were measured by a specially developed scale that was factor analyzed to yield six factors: job status, job significance, job variety and control, job identity, ease of discipline, ease of motivation. Subgroup analyses showed that men preferred more to coach than women did, and women preferred more to teach than men did. Men and women perceived greater job variety in coaching and greater control in teaching. The genders did not differ in managerial motivation or in any of the other perceived characteristics of the teaching and coaching roles. Finally, preference for teaching or coaching was influenced by gender, perceived ease of motivating students and athletes, and perceived job variety. These results were discussed in relation to existing literature, and future research directions are identified.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Gender differences in preferences for coaching as an occupation: the role of self-efficacy, valence, and perceived barriers.

This study investigated gender differences in the role of self-efficacy, occupational valence, valence of coaching, and perceived barriers in preference to coach at the high school, 2-year college, Division III, Division II, and Division I levels. The participants, 191 Big Ten university basketball players (94 men, 97 women), responded to a specially constructed instrument. The genders did not differ in their coaching self-efficacy, preferred occupational valence, and perceived barriers. Relative to men, women perceived greater valence in coaching (p < .001). Women with a female coach perceived greater valence in coaching (p < .05) and expressed less concern with perceived discrimination (p < .05) than those with a male coach. Perceived self-efficacy and preferred occupational valence were differentially related to the desire to coach at various levels. Working Hours most negatively affected the desire to coach at every level (R > .20).

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Differentiation in national sport organizations in Canada.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dominant patterns of task differentiation among Canadian national sport organizations (NSOs). The chief executive officers of 27 NSOs indicated the amount of perceived influence assigned to each of 12 administrative positions or committees over each of 61 selected administrative tasks. Multidimensional scaling and clustering procedures identified four subsystems of administrative positions, seven categories of administrative tasks, and three groups of NSOs. Profile analysis revealed that the NSOs were very similar in the patterns of distribution of influence of the four subsystems in six of the seven task categories. However, there were differences in the total amount of perceived influence by the four subsystems in four task categories. Further, there was an imbalance in the distribution of perceived influence among the four administrative subsystems over relevant task areas.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed1991

Measures of organizational effectiveness of Canadian national sport organizations.

This study of national sport organizations (NSOs) investigated the interrelationships among (a) administrators' perceptions of the effectiveness of the processes of organization, decision making, and personnel relations; (b) administrators' job satisfaction; and (c) Sport Canada ratings of NSOs in high performance, domestic sport, and combined categories. The subjects, 153 volunteer and 84 professional administrators of the 51 NSOs in Ottawa, were grouped on the basis of work status (volunteer/professional) and Olympic status (Olympic/non-Olympic). The four subgroups did not differ in levels of job satisfaction. Volunteer administrators viewed their respective NSO's processes more favourably than did the professional administrators. Higher ratings of decision making and personnel relations related positively to higher levels of job satisfaction. There was minimal association between Sport Canada ratings and administrators' job satisfaction or their perceptions of process effectiveness.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed1984

Operative goals of intercollegiate athletics: perceptions of athletic administrators.

Ninety intercollegiate athletic administrators from across Canada participated in the study which investigated their perceptions of the operative goals of intercollegiate athletics. The operative goals included in the study were 1) Entertainment, 2) National Sport Development, 3) Financial, 4) Transmission of Culture, 5) Career Opportunities, 6) Public Relations, 7) Athlete's Personal Growth, 8) Prestige, and 9) Achieved Excellence. The rankings of these nine objectives were analyzed by subgroups based on sex of the respondents, size of the university, and the conference membership. In addition, the relationships between respondents' ratings of these objectives, and their attitudes toward athletic scholarships, recruitment practices and eligibility were also examined. The results showed that the various subgroups of athletic administrators were relatively homogeneous in ranking Transmission of Culture, Athlete's Personal Growth, Public Relations, and Prestige as the most important set of operative goals. It was also found that the administrators from the Non-central region (Maritime and Western Provinces) were more in favor of athletic scholarships than the administrators from the Central region (Ontario and Quebec). Also, higher ratings of Public Relations, Prestige, Entertainment, and Financial Objectives were associated with stronger support for athletic scholarships, and unrestrained recruitment. It was noted that administrators' goal orientations, while congruent with those of students from selected universities, were contrary to the prescriptions and proscriptions of prominent educators.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed1981

A factor analytic study of effectiveness criteria in intercollegiate athletics.

The study was concerned with developing a set of effectiveness criteria for intercollegiate athletics and assessing the importance of these criteria as viewed by a sample of students in a Canadian University. The responses to 46 items selected from a larger pool of items were factor analyzed. An 11-factor solution was accepted as the most meaningful. Further analysis showed that the students were generally homogeneous in rating Satisfaction of Athletes, Spectator Appeal, Student Recruitment, and Sharing of Costs as the four most important criteria that should be used in evaluating the effectiveness of athletic teams. There were, however, differences among the sexes and among the physical education and general students. Since different criteria will be used by different decision makers reflecting the various objectives they hold for the program, it was stressed that further study be conducted with different sets of decision makers.

Female↗

PubMed1980

Leadership in sports organizations.

The paper describes a multidimensional model of leadership which specifies three states of leader behavior: leader behavior required by the situation, leader behavior preferred by the members, and the actual leader behavior. These three states of leader behavior are defined respectively by the situational characteristics such as the goals, size and structure of the organization and the nature of the work group and its norms; the characteristics of the members such as their personality and ability; and the leader's characteristics such as his personality and ability. The degree of congruence among the three states of leader behavior determines the performance of the group and the satisfaction of the members. Based on the model and on Blau and Scott's (1969) typology of organizations, the paper suggests specific leadership styles appropriate to the various types of sports organizations. Further, leadership styles appropriate to recreational sport and to different levels of athletic teams are also suggested.

Behavior↗

PubMed1979

Person-task congruence in sports.

The proposition that an athlete's personality and the attributes of the task tend to be congruent was the focus of the study. One hundred and fifty athletes of a Canadian University (Males=87; Females-63) voluntarily participated in the study. Sports were classified on the basis of task dependence (independent versus interdependent), and task variability (closed versus open). The scales of Autonomy, Cognitive Structure, Dominance and Impulsivity were selected from the Personality Research Form. The 2X2X2 analysis of variance (two levels in each of sex, dependence and variability) did not yield consistent support for the notion of person-task congruence in sports. The hypotheses relating Cognitive Structure, Dominance, and Impulsivity to task attributes were confirmed in the case of males only. The finding that athletes in closed sports were significantly more autonomous than athletes in open sports was expected. However, contrary to the hypothesis, the interdependent athletes were significantly more autonomous than independent athletes. The hypothesis that males and females from the same sport would be similar in personality was not confirmed. The problem of classifying some sports tasks on the selected attributes and the need to test the congruency hypothesis with athletes of sufficiently lengthy and equal tenure in competitive athletics were stressed.

Analysis of Variance↗