Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Cholnoky.
The cytological pictures of the gastric aspirates of 2582 newborns were evaluated by a semiquantitative method. A high number of germs was found in the majority of the early onset sepsis and pneumonia (19/22). In the late onset and local connatal infections were found no significant cytological abnormalities. A high number of germs was a rare finding in the healthy newborn population (11/2456).
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National breast-feeding statistics derived from health visitor reports have shown a slight but steady increase in the frequency of breast-feeding since 1977. Between the counties, however, unjustifiable differences persist. Fulfilment of the national programme for better breast-feeding practices is urged.
Fatty acid composition of breast milk from 250 Hungarian women being 1, 3 and 6 months post partum was studied. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of mature breast milk does not vary greatly with the length of lactation. Data from women with different education levels and places of residence were found similar, suggesting similarities in the dietary habits of Hungarian women. Fatty acid levels in human milk did not show significant seasonal variation. The content of linoleic acid (expressed as g/l and percent of total energy) was calculated in relation to the length of lactation. Fatty acid composition of Hungarian milk-based formulas (Robebi A, Robebi B and Linolac) was also studied and compared to the mean composition of milk from 250 mothers. The results indicated differences in the contents of most saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and confirmed the finding that even the most carefully adapted formulas cannot substitute human milk.
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The two enzymes of galactose metabolism, namely galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (Gal-1-PUT), were measured in 3653 subjects aged 7 months to 84 years in der to obtain the incidence of the gene deficiency causing galactosaemia in the Western Hungarian province of Vas. To date nothing is known about these frequencies in this particular region. It was of special interest whether these enzyme defects are to be found more frequently in gypsies than in a comparable population of West Hungary. The frequency of homozygous Gal-1-PUT deficiency amounts to 1:23,500; the respective incidence of galactokinase deficiency is 1:64,000. Both enzyme deficiencies in this province are not higher than in other countries. Considerable differences were established in the gene frequencies in individual areas and for various groups of subjects with variations from 1:30,000 to 1: 127,000 for galactokinase deficiency and from 1:5,300 to 1:81,000 for Gal-1-PUT deficiency. Neither gene deficiency occurred more frequently in gypsies than in the general population. This study demonstrates that the results of such analyses are relevant only to the investigated region and the greatest possible number of subjects must be taken in order to draw reliable conclusions.
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Tryptophan loading was performed in a child with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia as well as in his parents and two control persons. There was a fivefold increase of anthranilic acid and kynurenine excretion beside a marked generalized aminoaciduria in the proband; in the parents and the controls no such phenomenon could be demonstrated. The importance of the finding is discussed and investigation of tryptophan metabolism before the first blood transfusion is recommended. The finding cannot be used as a heterozygote test.
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