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Biomedical subjects

P Coggan

Publications and source records attributed to P Coggan.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Managing the pharmaceutical industry-health system interface.

BACKGROUND: Direct-to-consumer advertising, media, and Internet marketing to physicians and patients, as well as enticing marketing strategies, are used by the pharmaceutical industry to ensure market share growth of new drugs. Our health system adopted a strict vendor policy governing detailing and sampling activities of pharmaceutical representatives, but realized that further analysis of vendor influence in our system was needed. OBJECTIVE: An assessment of tangible benefits, ethical concerns, and financial liabilities and gains was conducted to reassess the need for further vendor restriction. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, several recommendations have been made. Medical practices and health systems are encouraged to establish and enforce explicit vendor policies, measure their effectiveness, partner proactively with representatives to deliver a drug-detailing message consistent with system initiatives, monitor and regulate continuing medical education funding, and implement strategies to ensure appropriate drug use.

Advertising↗
PubMed1998

A comparative study of chiropractic and medical education.

BACKGROUND: Chiropractic is the largest of the alternative/complementary health professions in North America. However, little attention has been given in the health sciences literature to the formal curriculum of chiropractic education or to its similarities to and differences from the curriculum of allopathic medical education. This lack of information precludes extensive referrals and interaction between the 2 professions, even when historical and political barriers can be overcome. METHOD: This is a descriptive, comparative study of the curriculum content of North American chiropractic and medical colleges, supplemented by in-depth data obtained through site visits with 6 institutions (3 chiropractic and 3 medical). DISCUSSION: Considerable commonality exists between chiropractic and medical programs. Regarding the basic sciences, these programs are more similar than dissimilar, both in the types of subjects offered and in the time allotted to each subject. The programs also share some common areas in the clinical sciences. Chiropractic and allopathic medicine differ the greatest in clinical practice, which in medical school far exceeds that in chiropractic school. The therapies that chiropractic and medical students learn are distinct from one another, and the settings in which students receive clinical training are different and isolated from one another. With these similarities and differences established, future studies should examine the quality of the 2 educational programs in detail.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1994

The process of faculty-mentored student research in family medicine: motives and lessons.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Research suggests that the strongest predictor of postgraduate research activity is medical student research involvement. Yet many medical students still regard family medicine as a "nonresearch" specialty. The purposes of this study were to discover what motivated a group of first-year medical students (and their faculty mentors) to participate in a summer research assistantship and how both groups evaluated the challenges and satisfactions of the experience. METHODS: The study used a grounded theory qualitative methodology that emphasizes an in-depth, inductive approach to evaluation research. Over a 2-year period, 11 first-year medical students who participated in a summer research assistantship and their 10 faculty mentors completed written questionnaires and were interviewed by our research team. Various categories of analysis were constructed and refined over the course of the study to explain the raw data collected through interviews, written questionnaires, and field notes. RESULTS: Findings included identification of a core theme or meaning that motivated participation in the project for students and faculty. This theme was expressed in terms of professional, personal, relational, and societal goals. The study also identified three interrelated mechanisms (socialization, relationship, and technical skill transmission) used in varying degrees by students and faculty to achieve these goals. CONCLUSION: In addition to technical mastery and knowledge, students were actively seeking professional relationships with faculty mentors, greater understanding of other peoples and cultures, and increased self-understanding and self-esteem. Junior and senior faculty reflected differing and multilevel motivations for participating in a research assistantship program.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of diazepam on the speed of mental rotation.

The effect of diazepam on spatial visualization was studied using a double-blind crossover design. Diazepam 10 mg (or placebo) was given orally to 12 healthy young men at bedtime, followed again by 10 mg (or placebo) the next morning. One hour after the administration of the morning dose, the subjects performed a mental rotation task. Diazepam effects were analyzed in terms of an information processing model previously constructed to account for performance of the task. Using this method, the slope and intercept parameters of a linear function relating reaction time to task condition (i.e., angular difference in orientation between two identical stimulus figures) were computed for diazepam and placebo conditions. Diazepam significantly increased the slope and intercept of the mental rotation function (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that diazepam impairs spatial visualization ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Teaching alcoholism to family medicine students.

Alcoholism is a major health problem in the United States, yet it has not received high priority in medical education. Although it affects many patients who attend the offices of family physicians, it frequently remains unrecognized. It is therefore an appropriate topic for a family medicine course and has been integrated into a third year clerkship at the University of Washington. Students are taught basic diagnostic and management skills by sensitizing them to the magnitude of the problem and addressing some professional attitudinal blocks. history taking skills emphasizing early recognition and intervention are stressed, and the role of community resources in treatment is demonstrated through discussion and site visits.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1978

A required program in geriatrics for medical students.

Very few medical schools in the United States have compulsory training in geriatrics for medical students. A program has been developed in the Department of Family Practice at Southern Illinois UniversitySchool of Medicine. This has become a required component of the undergraduate family practice clerkship. The initial format is described together with changes which occurred as result of student, faculty, and patient feedback, practical problems encountered in conducting the program, and changes in educational goals.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative study designs used in quality improvement and assessment.

This article describes common quantitative design techniques that can be used to collect and analyze quality data. An understanding of the differences between these design techniques can help healthcare quality professionals make the most efficient use of their time, energies, and resources. To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these various study designs, it is necessary to assess factors that threaten the degree with which quality professionals may infer a cause-and-effect relationship from the data collected. Processes, the conduits of organizational function, often can be assessed by methods that do not take into account confounding and compromising circumstances that affect the outcomes of their analyses. An assumption that the implementation of process improvements may cause real change is incomplete without a consideration of other factors that might also have caused the same result. It is only through the identification, assessment, and exclusion of these alternative factors that administrators and healthcare quality professionals can assess the degree to which true process improvement or compliance has occurred. This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of common quantitative design techniques and reviews the corresponding threats to the interpretability of data obtained from their use.

Education, Continuing↗