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Biomedical subjects

P Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to P Coleman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Analysis of gene expression in single live neurons.

We present here a method for broadly characterizing single cells at the molecular level beyond the more common morphological and transmitter/receptor classifications. The RNA from defined single cells is amplified by microinjecting primer, nucleotides, and enzyme into acutely dissociated cells from a defined region of rat brain. Further processing yields amplified antisense RNA. A second round of amplification results in greater than 10(6)-fold amplification of the original starting material, which is adequate for analysis--e.g., use as a probe, making of cDNA libraries, etc. We demonstrate this method by constructing expression profiles of single live cells from rat hippocampus. This profiling suggests that cells that appear to be morphologically similar may show marked differences in patterns of expression. In addition, we characterize several mRNAs from a single cell, some of which were previously undescribed, perhaps due to "rarity" when averaged over many cell types. Electrophysiological analysis coupled with molecular biology within the same cell will facilitate a better understanding of how changes at the molecular level are manifested in functional properties. This approach should be applicable to a wide variety of studies, including development, mutant models, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pilot study of the epidemiology of sports injuries and exercise-related morbidity.

In the pilot phase of a national study of the incidence of exercise-related morbidity (ERM), funded by the Sports Council, a questionnaire about recent participation in 'active sports and other recreational activities involving vigorous physical exercise' and associated injuries or illnesses was sent to a sample of 6744 people aged 16 to 65 years in two areas. Interviews with 101 respondents were held to validate the questions. Return rates of 73 and 81% from the two areas were achieved and results from the interviews indicated that sports and injuries were being reported sufficiently accurately on the postal questionnaires to yield reliable information. Of the 4961 usable returns, a total of 1249 respondents (25%) reported taking part in some activity in the 4 weeks before completing the questionnaire, and 137 (3%) reported 158 injury incidents. Nearly half (76, 48%) of these incidents resulted in some restriction in activity, and 21 resulted in some restriction in activity, and 21 resulted in a visit to a hospital casualty department. It is estimated that nationally 1-1.5 million episodes of ERM result annually in attendance at a hospital casualty department, and 4-5 million episodes of ERM result in some, usually temporary, incapacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Anesthetic modification of hemodynamic and neuroendocrine stress responses to cesarean delivery in women with severe preeclampsia.

We conducted a prospective evaluation of the comparative effects of lumbar epidural and general anesthesia on the hemodynamic and neuroendocrine stress response to cesarean delivery in 21 women with severe preeclampsia. In the epidural group (n = 11), anesthesia extending to the T-4 dermatome level was obtained using 2% plain lidocaine in divided doses. In the general anesthesia group (n = 10), anesthesia was induced after pretreatment with labetalol or nitroglycerin. In the epidural group, mean arterial pressure (MAP) gradually decreased from 133.3 +/- 5.6 mm Hg to 119 +/- 4.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.002). After pretreatment with labetalol or nitroglycerin, MAP in the general group decreased from 131.5 +/- 4.9 mm Hg to 112.2 +/- 3.5 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). At skin incision (after tracheal intubation), MAP increased from 112.2 +/- 3.5 mm Hg to 143 +/- 5.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.001); however, this was not significantly different from baseline MAP. In the epidural group, there were no further changes in MAP. The difference in MAP at skin incision and postpartum period between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.004 and P less than 0.009, respectively). In the general anesthesia group, both adrenocorticotropic hormone and beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity increased significantly from base levels at skin incision. The catecholamines also increased significantly and remained so throughout the study period. In the epidural group, the concentrations of these hormones decreased or remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Use and perceived attributes of cruciferous vegetables in terms of genetically-mediated taste sensitivity.

Bitter tasting compounds in cruciferous vegetables resemble chemically the compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). As sensitivity to PTC is genetically mediated, it was hypothesized that this characteristic would be linked to greater sensitivity of the bitter tasting components in cruciferous vegetables, and that PTC sensitivity would be reflected in less favourable sensory perceptions and lower use of the vegetables. PTC status was determined for healthy, racially and culturally similar women, alike in foodways and aged 18-46 years. The frequency of use and perceptions of sensory, post-ingestional and social attributes of 11 cruciferous and two non-cruciferous vegetables in both raw and cooked forms were compared between the PTC tasters and non-tasters. Minimal effects of PTC status on these factors were observed. Only two vegetables showed significant differences in use--PTC non-tasters used cooked turnip and raw watercress significantly more than did PTC tasters. Perceived bitter taste and aroma did not offer an explanation for the findings. Similarly, familiarity, early exposure, and tolerance did not account for any group differences. PTC status, especially in terms of non-tasting propensity, may have some sensory-specific effects which will impact on the use of cruciferous vegetables by young and mature women, but environmental factors may offset this effect and must be considered in studies of food behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

TestPack Chlamydia for chlamydial detection in physicians' offices.

Chlamydia trachomatis is widely recognized as the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease. It is often asymptomatic and can lead to serious sequelae, including infertility and ectopic pregnancy. For this reason, testing of patients at risk is a necessary health care measure. This study compared TestPack Chlamydia to Chlamydiazyme for the direct detection of chlamydial antigen in endocervical specimens. One thousand three hundred seventy-six patients seen in 47 private practice offices of obstetrician-gynecologists and family practitioners were screened. TestPack Chlamydia, a 25-minute enzyme immunoassay, had a specificity of 98.6% and sensitivity of 90% when compared with Chlamydiazyme, a four-hour laboratory test. The overall prevalence of chlamydial infection in this population was 3.6%. The prevalence among patients less than or equal to 24 years of age was 7.6% higher among subgroups with symptoms and other identified risk factors. The positive predictive value of TestPack Chlamydia (83.7%) makes it an accurate assay for testing women at risk for chlamydial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

TestPack Chlamydia, a new rapid assay for the direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis.

TestPack Chlamydia (Abbott Laboratories) is a rapid enzyme immunoassay for the direct antigen detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical specimens. The assay is self-contained, requires no specialized equipment, and yields results in less than 30 min. The clinical performance of TestPack Chlamydia versus chlamydial cell culture was evaluated with a total of 1,694 paired endocervical specimens. Discordant samples were further investigated by immunofluorescent staining and by Chlamydiazyme immunoassay, with confirmatory procedures. The sensitivity of TestPack Chlamydia with less-than-48-h-old specimens was 76.5%, while culture sensitivity was 86.7%. TestPack Chlamydia specificity was determined to be 99.5%. These results indicate that TestPack Chlamydia is an accurate test for chlamydial infection, with a positive predictive value of 96.2%. This assay is suitable for low-volume chlamydial testing in physician offices, clinics, and smaller laboratories.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Variations in the gliding characteristics of 10-ml plastic syringes used to locate the extradural space by "loss of resistance" techniques.

The gliding characteristics were evaluated of 10-ml plastic syringes used to identify the extradural space by "loss of resistance" techniques. This was undertaken quantitatively, by measuring the force necessary to depress syringe plungers, and qualitatively, by examining travel characteristics in terms of the force applied, together with the rate and uniformity of plunger travel. An important cause of inadvertent dural puncture is the use of syringes with plungers that do not move freely; this study has identified wide variations between makes which may be of particular relevance to anaesthetists inexperienced in techniques of extradural analgesia.

Epidural Space↗
PubMed1988

Radiation dose from radiopharmaceuticals contaminated with molybdenum-99.

Sixteen patients undergoing routine nuclear imaging procedures were injected with 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals containing 99Mo which exceeded the recommended limit of 1 microCi of 99mMo per mCi of 99mTc. The kinetics of the resulting 99Mo distribution in 14 of these patients were studied over a period of several weeks. The mean biologic half-life [T 1/2b] ranged from about 19.3 days to 11.2 days depending on the model used. Similarly, the mean radiation dose to the liver ranged from approximately 0.02 rad/microCi of 99Mo to 0.05 microCi of 99Mo.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Prostatic abscess: CT and sonographic findings.

The value of CT and sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of abscesses of the prostate was studied in six patients with this disease. Five had CT alone, one had CT and sonography, and one had sonography only. CT findings included an enlarged gland with nonenhancing fluid-density collections that sometimes were multiseptated or had enhancing rims. Sonographic findings were similar, showing a hypoechoic mass with thick walls. Follow-up examinations after antibiotic therapy (one CT, one sonogram) showed improvement or resolution. In the patients studied, CT and sonography were useful methods to detect and follow the course of prostatic abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Generation of monoclonal antibodies to human prolactin and applications in solid-phase immunoassays.

Monoclonal antibodies specific to human prolactin were generated by an improved hybridoma technique. Following immunization with hormone conjugated with hemocyanin and cell fusion, hybrid cells were first cultured in a semisolid medium containing methylcellulose and later transferred to liquid medium for subculture. Out of 1500 colonies that were initially recovered in one single cell fusion experiment, 300 were shown to exhibit affinity to human prolactin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. Finally, nine monoclonal antibodies having high affinity and specificity to human prolactin were selected for further evaluations. From the results of a cross-matching procedure, one pair of antibodies reacting with discrete antigenic determinants of human prolactin was identified. Using a pair of monoclonal antibodies, the solid phase sandwich immunoradiometric assay and enzyme immunoassay were designed. The sensitivity of these 1-h immunoassay procedures for the determination of human prolactin was 2 ng/ml.

Animals↗