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Biomedical subjects

P Crowe

Publications and source records attributed to P Crowe.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. IX. Dose-dependent, gluten-induced lymphoid infiltration of coeliac jejunal epithelium.

Jejunal biopsy specimens from coeliac patients who had received small, oral doses (100-1500 mg) of a peptic-tryptic gluten digest were analysed by morphometric methods. An increase in the total number of surface epithelial lymphocytes, maximal at 12 h after challenge, was dose-dependent, the mean percentage rise at this time being 53% (p less than 0.005), 44% (p = 0.01), and 25% (p greater than 0.05) with 1500, 1000, and 500 mg of gluten digest, respectively. This effect was not accompanied by any increased mitotic activity or blast transformation among the infiltrating lymphocytes, nor was there any demonstrable alteration in mucosal structure-that is, reduction in surface or increase in crypt epithelial volumes. The results of this controlled morphometric analysis indicate that oral gluten challenge causes an increase in the lymphocyte population of surface epithelium in coeliac disease but that this effect does not necessarily result in mucosal damage.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1984

Morphometric analysis of small intestinal mucosa. II. Determination of lamina propria volumes; plasma cell and neutrophil populations within control and coeliac disease mucosae.

Morphometric techniques were employed to measure (i) lamina propria volumes and (ii) the absolute numbers of neutrophils and plasma cells, of A, M and G isotype, within the lamina propria of jejunal mucosa. Mucosal specimens were obtained with a Watson capsule (a) from 5 patients with untreated coeliac disease, and again at least 3 months after starting on a gluten-free diet, and (b) from 9 control individuals. Lamina propria volume of untreated coeliac mucosa (2.5 +/- 0.17 X 10(6) micron3 ) was increased 2.3-fold (p less than 0.01) above that of control mucosae (1.35 +/- 0.08 X 10(6) micron3 ). Compared with control mucosae, there was a 20-fold increase of neutrophils in untreated coeliac mucosae (p less than 0.005). The total complement of all plasma cells in untreated coeliac mucosae (309) was twice that (149) of control mucosae. The populations of each isotype were also significantly increased over controls by factors of 1.6 (IgA; p less than 0.05), 3.0 (IgM; p less than 0.01) and 3.5 (IgG; p less than 0.01). Their percentage distributions in untreated coeliac mucosae (A:M:G--52:43:5) differed from those in control mucosae (A:M:G--69:28:3) but were restored after treatment with a gluten-free diet. However, when each isotype was expressed per unit volume of lamina propria, there was an apparent fall (X 1.4) in IgA cells, while the increase in IgM and IgG cells was less marked i.e. X 1.4 and X 1.5 respectively. These precise measurements explain why many previous investigators found a paradoxical fall in IgA cells because the (increased) volume of distribution of these cells was not taken into account. The importance of morphometric techniques in achieving valid cell 'counts' within the intestinal mucosa is thus illustrated by this study.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1984

Morphometric analysis of small intestinal mucosa. I. Methodology, epithelial volume compartments and enumeration of inter-epithelial space lymphocytes.

Morphometric techniques for quantitating cytologic and volumetric changes in small intestinal mucosae are described: measurements were controlled with respect to a constant 'test area' of muscularis mucosae, thus following valid comparisons between normal and damaged mucosae. Procedures for enumerating cell populations within mucosal volume compartments are illustrated by analyzing lymphocytes within surface epithelium. These techniques serve to distinguish (i) absolute cell counts from (ii) relative cell counts ("densities") the latter being shown to be considerably affected by changes in epithelial volume. They also permit construction of mathematical models e.g. cubes of equivalent volume, volume-density graphs, proportional volumes, which are illustrated. Use of these morphometric procedures showed that there is no major difference in epithelial lymphocyte populations between untreated coeliac disease, and control, mucosae. The data thus fail to support the widespread view that "infiltration" of coeliac disease epithelium by lymphocytes represents a local cell-mediated immune reaction to gluten.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1977

Coccidioides immitis osteomyelitis of the mandible in an infant.

Coccidioidomycotic osteomyelitis developed at the angle of the right side of the mandible in a 5-month-old Papago infant. The disease was successfully treated with a combination of amphotericin B, surgery, and transfer factor with complete immunological, microbiological, and radiological cure. At 4 years of age, the only residual effect is prominence of the right hemimandible with asymmetry of the jaw.

Amphotericin B↗