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P Cruaud

Publications and source records attributed to P Cruaud.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Emergence during unsuccessful chemotherapy of multiple drug resistance in a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Serial isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cultured from a patient who failed to respond to standard antituberculous chemotherapy. Isolates were cultured in March 1989, July 1989, December 1989 and May 1990. Each successive isolate was found to be resistant to a wider range of antituberculous drugs than its predecessors. The initial isolate was resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, the second isolate was also resistant to ethambutol, the third was also resistant to pyrazinamide, ansamycin (= rifabutin) and ofloxacin and the last isolate was also resistant to ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin. All four isolates' bacteriophage typing profiles and DNA restriction fragment patterns determined by Southern blot hybridization using the IS6110/IS986 probes and the new probe pTBN12 were concordant. It was concluded that this patient was persistently infected with a single strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis which developed resistance to a number of families of drugs but did not show any significant change in typing patterns. The problem of acquired multiple drug resistance, particularly to fluoroquinolones and rifamycins, represents a new challenge in tuberculosis therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of bis-di-octadecylamide of trehalose dicarboxylic acid (BDA.TDA) with glycolipid SL-IV as ELISA antigens for the serodiagnosis of leprosy.

Two glycolipids--one synthetic and non-natural (BDA.TDA), the other natural and Mycobacterium tuberculosis species-specific (SL-IV)--were tested to determine their serological activity in sera obtained from leprosy patients, and to determine their discriminating ability in the detection of disease. The ELISA results obtained in the IgG antibody class show that both were useful substances capable of detecting multibacillary and paucibacillary disease in about 2 out of 3 leprosy patients. When these antigens were tested in parallel, the sensitivity of the ELISA test was increased by 10% without a decrease in specificity.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Relationships between titers of antibodies immunoreacting against glycolipid antigens from Mycobacterium leprae and M. tuberculosis, the Mitsuda and Mantoux reactions, and bacteriological loads: implications in the pathogenesis, epidemiology and serodiagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis.

Analysis of cell-mediated immunity [(CMI) as judged from the Mantoux, Fernandez, and Mitsuda reactions and the presence of granulomas in biopsy material] against humoral immunity (measurements of anti-PGL-I, PGL-Tb1, and SL-IV IgG and IgM antibody titers by ELISA) were performed in selected human populations. The investigations yielded data indicating that humoral (B-cell) responses preceded protective CMI in both tuberculosis and leprosy. The B-cell responses were unrelated to (unfavorable) cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Notwithstanding the difficulty in inferring sequential events from studies in humans, it was shown that in humoral responses there was an initial rise of specific IgM immunoglobulins that switched afterward to IgG production during subclinical tuberculosis and leprosy infections. In patent tuberculosis disease the IgM-to-IgG switch was observed in the majority of patients; in patent leprosy disease the switch was impaired in the majority of patients. The clinical, immunological, and laboratory data indicated that the B-cell responses were suppressed as protective CMI was re-established in the patients during the protracted subclinical infection. According to the data, the diagnosis of subclinical tuberculosis and leprosy may be accomplished using ELISA. The yearly risk of tuberculosis in apparently healthy persons but with significant antibody titers was estimated at 44%; the yearly risk for leprosy has not yet been established. The clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

IgG and IgM antibodies immunoreacting with a 2,3-diacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate in sera from leprosy patients.

The distribution of IgG and IgM antibodies immunoreacting with the sulpholipid I (SLI) and sulpholipid IV (SLIV) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was examined in sera from leprosy patients. It was found that the immunological reactions correlated with the clinical spectrum of leprosy; and in multibacillary patients, antibody titres declined in response to successful treatment. The serological patterns were similar to the PGL I patterns, however, the IgG responses towards the sulpholipids were predominant over the IgM responses in the case of the sulpholipid antigens.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Antigenicity and specificity of selected glycolipid fractions from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Antigenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids polyphthienoyl trehalose (PPTR), phenolic glycolipid (PGL-Tb1), tetraacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-I) and diacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-IV) was examined in rabbits. PPTR did not induce production of IgG antibodies in rabbits, while PGL-Tb1, SL-I and SL-IV glycolipids were efficient in this respect. Immune sera raised in rabbits immunoreacted exclusively with the corresponding antigens, which indicated that they were remarkably specific. Specificity of the immune sera was further examined using crude extracts of representative strains of 39 mycobacterial species, and the data showed that these immune sera reacted only with extracts of M. tuberculosis and M. africanum. An antiserum raised against whole cells of M. leprae immunoreacted with the purified SL-IV antigen from tubercle bacilli.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Human IgG antibodies immunoreacting with specific sulfolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

IgG and IgM antibodies immunoreacting with sulfolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected in sera from tuberculosis patients. The method used was an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and the antigens were a 2, 3, 6, 6' tetraacyl trehalose-2'-sulfate (sulfolipid I, SL I) and a 2, 3 diacyl trehalose-2'-sulfate (sulfolipid IV, SL IV). The SL IV antigen was satisfactory for IgG assays. The sensitivity and the specificity of the test were, respectively, 59 and 100%; the predictive values of a positive and negative test were, respectively, 100 and 76%.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Specificity and antigenicity of mycoside G and other glycolipids from Mycobacterium marinum.

The purpose of this work was to examine the immunologic properties of the phenolicglycolipid produced by M. marinum (mycoside G). Cell mass processed with organic solvents yielded a lipid extract containing mycoside G and four other glycolipid fractions (G2 to G5). No mycoside G was found in the Mycobacterium marinum type strain. Neither mycoside G, nor fractions G2, G3 and G4 were immunogenic in the rabbit whereas fraction G5 was very immunogenic. The immune serum raised in the rabbit showed that fraction G5 is species specific since it was consistently detected in all Mycobacterium marinum strains examined so far.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Myocardial metabolism in angina with angiographically normal coronary arteries].

Myocardial metabolism was studied during rapid atrial pacing in 22 patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Pyruvate, non esterified fatty acid and lactate levels were measured in the coronary arteries and veins under basal conditions, at the peak of atrial pacing and during the recovery phase. A control group of 8 patients had neither angina, ST depression, or lactate production during atrial pacing. A correlation was observed between the coronary arterio-venous difference and arterial pyruvate and non esterified fatty acid levels in the 22 patients during the 3 periods of study. The control patients did not differ significantly from the rest of the population. There was a correlation between the coronary arterio-venous difference and arterial lactate levels under basal conditions in all of the study and control groups. This correlation remained significant during atrial pacing and the recovery period only in the control group. It was possible to distinguish a group of 14 patients (64 p. 100) (Group A) with a correlation coefficient of lactate production similar to the control group (+/- 2 standard deviations) during atrial pacing, from a second group of 8 patients (36 p. 100) (Group B) with abnormal myocardial metabolism. The arterial lactate concentrations were similar in both groups in the 3 periods of study. A coefficient of lactate extraction less than 10 p. 100 was observed in 2 patients in Group A and in 7 patients in Group B (88 p. 100, p less than 0.01). One patient in Group B had a coefficient of lactate extraction greater than 10 p. 100 (+ 13 p. 100).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a novel 2,3-diacyl-trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-IV) antigen for case finding and diagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis.

Serum IgG and IgM antibodies against a 2,3-diacyl-trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-IV) antigen using ELISA were determined in controls (n = 288) and in leprosy (n = 210) and tuberculosis (n = 99) patients. In all assays, the amount of antigen per well was 100.0 ng and sera were diluted 1/250. In the case of leprosy, anti-SL-IV IgG and IgM antibody titres increased from the tuberculoid towards the lepromatous pole of the spectrum. In the tested population, the sensitivity of the assay was 93.2% in multibacillary leprosy and 33.3% in paucibacillary leprosy (specificity of 88.7%). Multibacillary patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) had lower titres than non-ENL. ELISA results were similar to those obtained using the Mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) antigen. In the case of tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary), significant titres of anti SL-IV IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in about 75% of the patients using a cutoff point of 0.150, and in 51.6% using a cutoff of 0.300 (specificities were, respectively, 88% and 100%). We concluded that the determination of IgG and IgM antibodies against SL-IV was useful in leprosy and tuberculosis case finding program using a cutoff point of 0.150, and for serodiagnosis using a cutoff of 0.300.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) determination using blood collection on filter paper in leprosy patients.

The authors studied 70 leprosy patients and 20 normal individuals, comparing the traditional sera collection method and the finger prick blood with the conservation on filter paper for specific antibodies against the native phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) from Mycobacterium leprae. The finger prick blood dried on filter paper was eluated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) containing 0.5% gelatin. The classical method for native PGL-I was performed for these eluates, and compared with the antibody determination for sera. It was observed that there is a straight correlation comparing these two methods; although the titles found for the eluates were lower than those obtained for serology. This blood collection method could be useful for investigation of new leprosy cases in field, specially in contacts individuals.

Adolescent↗