Online peer evaluation in basic pharmacology.
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Biomedical subjects
P Cuddy
Publications and source records attributed to P Cuddy.
No difference in catheter sepsis between standard and antiseptic central venous catheters. A prospective randomized trial.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of antiseptic compared with standard triple lumen central venous catheters (CVCs) in reducing the incidence of catheter sepsis and catheter site infection in patients with CVCs for total parenteral nutrition. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Truman Medical Center, the public teaching hospital for University of Missouri, Kansas City, School of Medicine. PATIENTS: Seventy-two inpatients on the Metabolic Support Service received a CVC for the infusion of total parenteral nutrition. Diagnoses included pancreatic disease, cancer, bowel obstruction, and intestinal surgery, among others. Patients who had a higher risk for contamination during insertion, such as those with a catheter placed through an introducer, inserted in the emergency department, or changed over a guidewire were excluded from the study. INTERVENTION: The control group received a standard CVC without antiseptics. The treatment group received a CVC with a coating of silver sulfadiazine and chlorhexidine gluconate. Each CVC was inspected for infection or malfunction by the Metabolic Support Service 5 times per week. A transparent occlusive dressing was changed every 7 days or more often if there were signs of infection or nonocclusion. When the CVC was removed, the catheter tip, the blood, and the insertion site were cultured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Although 88 catheters were inserted, only 72 catheters were evaluable. There were 40 patients in the standard group and 32 in the antiseptic group. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups for diagnosis, sex, age, length of stay, days with a CVC, or catheter location. The catheter sepsis rate in the standard group was 8% and in the antiseptic group it was 6%. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in frequency of site infections or catheter sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of catheter-related sepsis or catheter site infections between the standard and antiseptic groups. Future prospective, randomized controlled trials with a larger number of antiseptic catheters are encouraged to confirm or refute these results.
Adult↗
The effects of sucralfate suspension and diphenhydramine syrup plus kaolin-pectin on radiotherapy-induced mucositis.
A prospective, double-blind study compared the effectiveness of sucralfate suspension with diphenhydramine syrup plus kaolin-pectin in reducing severity and pain of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis. Fourteen patients who received at least 4600 cGy to the oral cavity used one of the mouth rinses four times a day, beginning at 1600 cGy. Data were collected on daily perceived pain and helpfulness of mouth rinse, weekly mucositis grade, weight change, and interruption of therapy. Analysis of data revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any parameter. A retrospective review of 15 patients who had received at least 4600 cGy radiation to the oropharynx but had not used a daily mouth-coating rinse, was compared with the study group. Comparison of the two groups suggested that consistent daily oral hygiene and use of a mouth-coating agent will result in less pain and may reduce weight loss and interruption of radiation because of severe mucositis.
Adult↗
Elevation of serum aluminum in humans on a two-day sucralfate regimen.
Serum aluminum concentrations were determined in ten healthy subjects treated with phenytoin 500 mg and with sucralfate and phenytoin in a crossover fashion. Each subject received four 1,000-mg sucralfate tablets between 8 AM and 10 PM one day before the study, and this was repeated during the study day. A total of eight doses of sucralfate was administered over the two-day period. Serum samples were drawn at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 32, and 48 hours after administration. The areas under the serum aluminum concentration-time curves before and after sucralfate (mean +/- SD) were 496.0 +/- 80.9 and 770.9 +/- 146.6 hr-ng/mL, respectively. This increase is statistically significant (P less than .01), indicating that serum aluminum levels are elevated even after two days of treatment with sucralfate. The results from this study are not in agreement with the only other report on this subject.
Adult↗