PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P D Garrett

Publications and source records attributed to P D Garrett.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Morphology of the musculus articularis genus in dog with description of ectopic muscle spindles.

The gross morphology of the musculus articularis genus and the location of muscle spindles at its point of insertion were studied in 18 adult dogs. The m. articularis genus was usually small and bipartite. From its originate on the cranial surface of the distal femur, it passed distally to terminate at the femoropatellar-joint capsule surface and extend into the synovial membrane. Although the m. articularis genus was usually composed of two parts, only a medial part was present in some dogs and was entirely absent in one specimen. Innervation to the m. articularis genus was provided by a branch of the femoral nerve. Muscle spindles were abundant in the termination of the muscle. spindles were abundant in the termination of the muscle. Frequently, the spindles were not in contact with muscle fibers (dissociated). Muscle spindles were located in close proximity to the surface of the synovial membrane. Morphological adaptations of the m. articularis genus support its potential function as a monitor of joint movement rather than an extensor of the stifle joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The apical ligaments of the penis of the goat and sheep.

The penile apical ligaments of 13 goats and 8 sheep were dissected and described. Unlike the single apical ligament of the bull penis, both goats and sheep had one ligament on each side of the apex of the penis with no apparent connection over the dorsal surface. These lateral apical ligaments consisted of substantial connective tissue fibers that arose from the outer layers of the tunica albuginea and varied from 6.0 to 10.0 cm in length. The left apical ligament was longer and thicker than the right. The left apical ligament of the sheep penis was divided into a dorsal and a ventral branch. Both the goat and sheep possessed flattened perivenous ligaments that originated from the apical fascia and extended caudally along each side of the dorsal vein of the penis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Anatomy of the dorsoscapular ligament of horses.

Thoracic limbs from 8 horses were dissected. The dorsoscapular ligament was determined to consist of a collagenous part that fused to the surface of the thoracolumbar fascia and of an elastic part that extended laterally from the collagenous part to attach to the medial surface of the scapula and interdigitate with fibers of the serratus ventralis thoracis muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A caudal flank approach for the collection of oviductal-stage bovine embryos.

Oviductal-stage embryos were surgically collected from 27 superovulated adult cows of various breeds, ages, and parity. A total of 88 surgeries was performed via a caudal flank grid approach, with the animals in lateral recumbency and the reproductive tract irrigated with sterile glycerol solution prior to surgical closure. Eight cows were operated on twice and five cows were operated on three or more times. The maximum number of surgeries for a single cow was five. Successful ova collection was accomplished in each surgical attempt, and all cows submitted to this procedure subsequently became pregnant following return to the breeding herd. This technique provided greater exposure of the ovary, uterine tube, and uterine horn, with less adhesion formation than traditional ventral midline techniques.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Urethral recess in male goats, sheep, cattle, and swine.

A recess of the urethra formed by a fold of tissue containing the ducts of the bulbourethral glands in male goats, cattle, sheep, and swine was investigated by anatomic dissection. The shape, size, and location of the fold and recess are described, along with their relationship to the ducts of the bulbourethral glands. The fold and recess in male ruminants are compared with those in male swine. Clinicians should be aware of the recess, because it may block the passage of a urethral catheter into the lumen of the bladder. They also should be aware of the possibility of a urethral recess in any animal species that has a fibroelastic-type penis. The fold that creates the recess may function as a check valve to aid in evacuation of the small diameter urethra found associated with that type of penis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Surgical technique to cannulate the rete testis of the goat.

A surgical technique was devised to collect rete testis fluid from 14 mature goats. The tubular portion of the extratesticular rete testis was cannulated where it penetrated the tunica albuginea of the testis under the center of the head of the epididymis. The tip of the cannula was sutured in place in the extratesticular rete testis and the opposite end was passed through the scrotum and into a plastic collection bottle. The bottle was glued to pillow ticking, which was sutured to the scrotum. Continuous flow of rete testis fluid occurred for 0 to 14 days and was usually terminated by a sperm clot in the cannula. The flow rate was 0.59 +/- 0.37 ml/hr.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Vascular anatomy and surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid.

The vascular anatomy of the adrenal glands and a surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid are described. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in six ponies and one horse via bilateral transcostal retroperitoneal approaches through the 18th rib during a single anesthetic period. Complications included hemorrhage from the right side only and pneumothorax which usually occurred on the right side. One pony died as a result of the surgical technique. Maintenance of adrenal function was accomplished with desoxycorticosterone pivilate and prednisolone.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagonal paramedian approach for removal of ovarian tumors in the mare.

A diagonal paramedian approach to the abdomen was used for unilateral ovariectomy in 15 mares. In each case, surgery was performed for removal of a granulosa cell tumor. All horses recovered from surgery with minimal complications. Surgical exposure of the affected ovary was adequate to allow exteriorization and ligation. Other advantages of this approach were ease of closure and lack of postsurgical complications.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The intercondylar fossa of the normal canine stifle an anatomic and radiographic study.

The intercondylar fossa (ICF) in dogs consists of a cranial outlet, intercondylar shelf, caudal arch, caudal outlet, a medial wall, and a lateral wall. The normal cranial outlet is bell-shape and, in mixed-breed dogs (mean body weight 19.2 kg, N = 21), measured 5.8 mm cranially, 8.1 mm centrally, and 10.3 mm caudally. The ICF is oriented 12 degrees from the dorsal plane of the femoral diaphysis and obliqued 7 degrees, proximolateral to distomedial, in the sagittal plane. To adjust for dog size, a fossa width index (FWI) was calculated by dividing the cranial outlet width by the distance between epicondyles. The normal FWI as determined in this study was 0.18 cranially, 0.25 centrally, and 0.32 caudally. The fossa height index 0.31. Contact between the ICF and the cranial cruciate ligament began at about 115 degrees of extension. The contact area moved cranially in the intercondylar fossa as the stifle was extended. Evaluation of the ICF can be performed radiographically but positioning is critical.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of intercondylar notchplasty on the normal canine stifle.

This study evaluated the effect of notchplasty (enlargement of the intercondylar fossa) in stable and unstable canine stifles. Bilateral notchplasty and unilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) transection were performed in 6 dogs. Exercise, consisting of walking 1.5 miles three times a week, began 1 month after surgery and continued until euthanasia 6 months after surgery. Evaluation methods included orthopedic examination, serial radiographs, thin section radiography, histopathology, and gross pathology. Notchplasty in the stable stifle did not cause lameness beyond 3 weeks, joint instability, or degenerative joint disease. In the stable stifle, smooth resurfacing of the notchplasty site with fibrous and osseous tissue occurred. Stifles with notchplasty and CrCL transection exhibited persistent lameness, instability, and degenerative joint disease. In CrCL deficient stifles osteophytes formed within the notchplasty site, resulting in a rough surface. Our observations indicated significant refilling in notchplasties of both stable and unstable stifles (P < .05). However, the intercondylar fossa (ICF) width 6 months after notchplasty was significantly smaller in unstable stifles compared with stable stifles (P < .05) indicating that greater refilling of the notchplasties occurred in the unstable stifles. In clinical cases, notchplasty should be larger than the desired final result to accomodate the partial refilling that occurs even in stable stifles.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Techniques for venous blood sampling from the white pekin duck.

Common sites for blood sampling in the pekin duck and other avian species include the basilic vein, jugular vein, superficial plantar metatarsal vein, heart, and occipital sinus. The use of each of these sites is described and/or illustrated. In the present study using the pekin duck, the superficial plantar metatarsal vein proved most satisfactory for collecting repeated samples (every 5 minutes for 30 minutes) with minimal trauma to the duck.

Animals↗