Biomedical subjects

P Dítĕ

Publications and source records attributed to P Dítĕ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Molecular diagnosis in pancreatic carcinoma].

Present diagnostic possibilities virtually do not make it possible to diagnose early stages of pancreatic cancer. Likewise, it is very difficult to differentiate between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. The methods of visualization are insufficiently sensitive and the determination of certain genes could enrich our diagnostic opportunities. Considerable attention in this direction has been devoted to the determination and evaluation of the presence of oncogene K-ras. Our initial experience with the determination of K-ras in preparations from patients with pancreatic cancer or with chronic pancreatitis confirmed that K-ras in an oncomarker associated with adenocarcinoma of pancreas, whereas in patients with chronic pancreatitis it occurs in about 10% of the examined samples.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2003

[Apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 protein in invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas].

Apoptosis plays a central role in the development and/or progression of cancer. There are several methods for detection of apoptotic cells in tissue sections including light and electron microscopy, in situ nick end-labeling (ISEL), TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical detection of proteins associated with apoptosis. Apoptosis was assessed by the monoclonal antibody M30 CytoDEATH (M30), which is specific for neo-epitope in cytokeratin 18 that becomes available at an early caspase cleavage during apoptosis. Expression of bcl-2 protein was evaluated, because bcl-2 protein plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. Twenty-six invasive ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas were studied immunohistochemically with antibodies M30 and bcl-2. The mean apoptotic index (AI, the percentage of apoptotic cells of the total tumor cells number) was 2.75%. High AI (> 10%) was observed in 4 cases of the 26 pancreatic carcinomas (15%). Protein bcl-2 was expressed in 3 cases (11.5%). The AI did not correlate with the expression of protein bcl-2. In conclusion, the detection of neo-epitope in cytokeratin 18 by monoclonal antibody M30 can be used for quantification of apoptotic cells with immunohistochemical techniques in tissue sections. It is a new approach to evaluate apoptosis in pancreatic carcinomas. The low positivity of bcl-2 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas suggests that bcl-2 protein does not play a central role in pancreatic tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Barrett's esophagus].

Barrett's oesophagus is a premalignant metaplastic change of the oesophageal mucosa. Due to its relationship with oesophageal reflux disease and the development of adenoma-carcinoma of the oesophagus the problem arouses increasing interest. In the wide pathogenesis of the disease most probably the composite effect of the refluxed HCl content and duodenal juices play a part. In the diagnosis in addition to fundamental methods--endoscopy and histology--increasingly chromoendoscopy and fluorescent endoscopy are involved. Dispensarization of patients is essential and depends on the degree of pathohistological epithelial changes. Treatment of Barrett's oesophagus can be divided into conservative, where the drug of choice are proton pump inhibitors, and surgical treatment. Promising is endoscopic ablation of the epithelium in combination with subsequent antisecretory therapy.

Barrett Esophagus↗

PubMed2002

[Chronic pancreatitis as a risk factor for pancreatic carcinoma].

Carcinoma of the pancreas is a very serious disease as regards early diagnosis, effective therapy and screening of the disease. Possible risk factors of development of carcinoma of the pancreas include chronic pancreatitis. In the submitted investigation the authors evaluated 213 patients under long-term (more than 5 years) dispensary care with the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. In these patients they proved unequivocally carcinoma of the pancreas on the background of chronic pancreatitis in 11 instances, incl. 71.8% where from the etiological aspect chronic alcoholic pancreatitis was involved. Practically all patients were smokers, incl. 8 who were regular smokers of more than 10 cigarettes per day for a number of years. Carcinoma of the pancreas is a serious disease, patients with long-term chronic pancreatitis are at risk (prevalence of carcinoma 5.1) and within the framework of dispensary care they must be systematically examined with regard to possible malignant growth on the background of chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Gastropathies caused by non-steroidal antirheumatic agents].

Non-steroid antirheumatics are among very frequently prescribed drugs. They can be, however, associated with the development of serious and undesirable effects on the digestive tract. Therefore at present therapeutic procedures are sought which will restrict the negative effect of drugs on the mucous membranes of the stomach, duodenum and gut in general, incl. new forms of non-steroid antirheumatics with a "sparing" effect on the gastroduodenal mucous membranes. This group of drugs includes preparations with a so-called preferential or specific effect on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). This enzyme is of fundamental importance for the development of mucosal lesions and its inhibition is the basis of safe medication with non-steroid antirheumatics. Other possible alternative therapy is the combined administration of non-steroid antirheumatics with drugs which inhibit the secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid. These drugs include above all proton pump blocking agents. The principle of medication with non-steroid antirheumatics should, of course, be careful and correct indication, knowing possible complications of treatment, and in particular knowledge which groups of subjects may be threatened by treatment with non-steroid antirheumatics. Preference of drugs on the basis of COX-2 inhibition is a necessity in these subjects.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed2002

[Advances in the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis].

Chronic pancreatitis is a permanent diagnostic and therapeutic problem. There is no method diagnosing early stages of the disease. Contemporary diagnosis is based on morphological methods. The gold standard is ERCP, but similar results are provided also by non-invasive NMR cholangiopancreatography. Ultrasound examination provides reliable information on the presence of cystoids and major solid formations. Spiral CT is the method which by visualizing the pancreatic duct and structural changes is indispensible. Functional tests are in the diagnostic algorithm only marginal. Treatment of the disease involves dietetic provisions, prohibition of alcohol, supplementation with pancreatic enzymes and administration of analgetics. If this treatment fails, endoscopic or surgical solutions are indicated. Chronic pancreatitis is associated with the risk of development of carcinoma of the pancreas and this is another reason why it calls for permanent and systematic dispensarization.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

[Pathologic gastroesophageal reflux in patients with bronchial asthma].

Gastrooesophageal reflux (GER) and asthma bronchiale are frequent diseases. Asthma affects some 3-10% of adults. Gastrooesophageal reflux is present in some 45-89% asthmatic patients. Symptoms of GER are not only gastrooesophageal, and recently increased attention is focused on extraoesophageal symptoms where in particular the relationship of GER and asthma or chronic cough is investigated. At our clinic we implemented a pilot study with the objective to monitor the presence of pathological GER in patients with asthma and to assess whether antireflux therapy will influence the respiratory complaints of the patients. The group was formed by 14 patients selected at random with different severity of asthma and different symptoms of GER. The patients had a baseline examination evaluating the presence of GER (24-hour pH metry) and pulmonary function (FEV1). In case of a pathological GER the patients were treated by antireflux therapy and then check-up examinations were made. It was found that after treatment of GER in patients with asthma in particular subjective symptoms improved such as cough and pyrosis which leads to a substantial improvement of the quality of life. On the other hand reflux treatment did not exert a basic effect on pulmonary functions and it was not possible to reduce the medication of asthma.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Transplantation of hepatocytes--present status and future perspectives].

Transplantation of hepatocytes as an alternative to the transplantation of the liver has been investigated since the 70s of the 20th century. Work on animal models confirmed that transplanted hepatocytes can survive, reproduce and compensate for missing liver functions, Recent clinical studies indicate that hepatocyte transplantation can also play its part in the treatment of acute liver failure, some inborn metabolic deficiencies and liver cirrhosis. In the acute liver failure, metabolic support by means of hepatocytes can help to overcome the period up to transplantation or regeneration of the liver. In the case of loss of a major fraction of the liver cells, transplanted hepatocytes may colonize the liver. the isolation of hepatocytes and procedure of transplantation proper are under control and the work focusing on the improvement of cell preservation is under way. Hepatocyte gene manipulation proves to be promising. The shortage of donors and the necessity of long-term immunosuppression represent the greatest problem. The article analyzes the basic principles of hepatocyte transplantation, the contemporary state of clinical application and further perspectives of research.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Importance of assessment of Helicobacter pylori antigen in faeces].

Diagnostic methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori (H.P.) can be divided into invasive and non-invasive ones. Among non-invasive methods we can include now also detection of H.P. antigen in faeces. The objective of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity ans specificity of the test when monitoring the eradication therapy, as compared with another non-invasive test and to test the method in common clincal practice. H.P. positivity was based on the result of the histological examination and CLO test. Repeatedly samples of faeces were collected to detect H.P. antigen in faeces before the onset of and after eradication treatment. For detection of H.P antigen the commercial Premier Platinum HpSa set was used which was developed on the principle of enzyme immunoanalysis. From the assembled data the sensitivity value (87.1%) and specificity values (88.5%) was calculated. The test correlates well with the results of the CLO test, histological examination and the breath test and is thus a suitable method for the detection of H.P. positive subjects as well as for checking the success of eradication treatment of H.P.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed2000

[Principles of conservative treatment in chronic pancreatitis].

The authors summarize the principles of conservative treatment of chronic pancreatitis with special attention to treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatic pain. They emphasize the principles of the rational administration of drugs with pancreatin, the position of analgesics, and other possible procedures, if medicamentous treatment fails. An outline of dietetic treatment is also given.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed2000

[Helicobacter pylori and nonspecific intestinal inflammation].

In 50 subjects with non-specific inflammations of the gut the total prevalence of Helicobacter pylori positive antibodies was 28%, while in the control group of blood donors its was 54% Patients with ulcerative colitis had lower antibodies--18%, in Crohn's disease the serum positivity was 33%. The lowest value of antibodies was found in patients taking Sulfasalazine--11%. The serum positivity was substantially higher in inactive ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease--35% than in patients with signs of high activity--13%. In 28 patients with non-specific inflammations of the gut endoscopy was performed, in 60% with a pathological outcome. Histologically confirmed gastritis was in the majority Helicobacter pylori negative. It may be stated that in patients with non-specific inflammations of the gut there is a lower incidence of Helicobacter pylori than in the general population, in particular those subjects who were or are treated with Sulfasalazine. The explanation of this fact is however only speculative.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Endosonographic picture of the esophagus and paraesophageal lymph nodes in subjects with oesophagitis].

UNLABELLED: Echocardiographic examination (EUS) gives a good overview of the structure of the whole oesophagus and the paraoesophageal space. To the EUS picture of reflux oesophagitis and normal EUS picture of paraoesophageal lymph nodes relatively few publications are devoted. The objective of the present work is to describe ultrasonographic (USG) signs of endoscopically and histologically confirmed oesophagitis (grade III and IV) and compare them with a control group, describe the USG picture of paraoesophageal lymph nodes in subjects with oesophagitis and in controls. The authors examined, using an Olympus GIF-UM20 instrument with a radial probe (7.5 ad 12MHz), 30 patients with endoscopically and histologically confirmed oesophagitis (m/f 15/15) and a control group of 40 subjects (m/f 21/19) with a negative endoscopic and histological finding of the oesophagus, cardia and stomach, a USG finding on the hepatobiliary system and X-ray of the lungs. They assessed the thickness of the oesophageal wall and evaluated its USG structure. The authors examined also the paraoesophageal lymph nodes (number, size, shape, structure) in both groups. In oesophagitis they found in all instances less distinct outlines of the three inner USG layers of the oesophageal wall. The oesophageal wall in oesophagitis was significantly thicker than in controls (6.9 +/- 1.7 mm and 3.2 +/- 0.7, alpha=0.05). The paraoesophageal nodes could be evaluated in 21, i.e. 70% patients with oesophagtis and in 23 of 40, i.e. 30% of the controls. The mean number of lymph nodes in patients with oesophagitis was 2.1, in controls 1.8. The percentage of triangular and oval lymph nodes was 52 in oesophagitis, i.e 48%, in controls 57, i.e. 43%. The central echo was apparent in triangular/oval lymph nodes in 91/40%, in controlsin 85 and 30%. The mean dimensiion of triangular/oval lymph nodes in oesophagitis and controls was 7.3 +/- 2.3/6.3 +/- 1.6 mm and 8.5 +/- 2.3/6.5 +/- 1.7 mm. The differences of parameters recorded in lymph nodes in the two groups are not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The oesophageal wall in portions with oesophagitis is significantly thicker. The outlines of the inner three USG layers are not sharp. There is an association between oesophagitis and the number, size, shape and structure of paraoesophageal lymph nodes. The majority of paraoesophageal lymph nodes in both groups is above the 5 mm borderline. When malignant infiltration of the lymph nodes is suspected, thin needle aspiration biopsy under EUS control is indicated.

Endosonography↗

PubMed1998

[Effect of H. pylori eradication regimes on the proliferation index of gastric mucosa].

Eradication regimes with the blocking agent of the proton pump and without it do not influence the activity of cell division after treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) when using cytoflowmetric evaluation. The non-significant difference in proliferation activity of the gastric mucosa after treatment of H.p. can be also a sign of more rapid repair of the gastric mucosa after elimination of the inflammatory elements.

Cell Division↗

PubMed1998

[Effect of octreotide on the clinical course of acute pancreatitis and levels of free oxygen radicals and antioxidants].

Twenty-one patients with a medium severe form of acute pancreatitis were divided into two groups. Eleven were treated with octreotide, 200 micrograms s.c. every 8 hours, combined with standard conservative treatment, 10 patients had the same treatment but without octreotide. In the octreotide-treated group the level of free oxygen radicals and important antioxidants--vitamins A, E and C--was assessed. In the octreotide-treated group the authors found after five days normal levels of originally elevated free oxygen radicals and a significant increase of the vitamin C level. As compared with the control group, in the octreotide group the period of hospitalization was significantly shorter (9.8 +/- 3.2 vs. 13.7 +/- 4.7). The number of complications was not affected.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1998

[Esophageal reflux disease--role of 24-hour pH measurement].

24-hour ph-metry of the oesophagus is a standard examination method in patients with reflux complaints. For objective evaluation of the record the following points are most important: 1. calibration of the instrument, 2. precise placement of the pH-probe, preferably under manometric control, 3. elimination of medication (inhibitors of proton pump, H-2 blockers, antacids, prokinetic preparations), 4. cooperation of the patient. A 24-hour record makes it possible to analyze in detail the type of reflux, and when using available software, also its quantity.

Gastric Acidity Determination↗

PubMed1998

[Cisapride (Prepulsid) in the prevention of postoperative gastrointestinal atony].

Administration of cisapride, 3 x 5 mg in a suspension one day before surgery and 30 mg 3 and 8 hours after abdominal surgery with subsequent administration of 2 x 30 mg in suppositories up to the time when oral ingestion is possible, hastens significantly the restoration of GIT motility as compared with placebo. It can be therefore recommended as effective medication in the prevention of complications caused by impaired motility of the digestive tract.

Cisapride↗

PubMed1998

[Levels of vitamins A, E and C in serum and gastric juice in relation to gastric mucosa and occurrence of Helicobacter pylori].

Colonization of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori H.p. reduces the vitamin C concentration of gastric juice. Eradication of H.p. within four weeks after completed treatment does not exert a significant effect on changes in the concentration of vitamins A, E and C in gastric juice or serum. Despite this after eradication a rising trend of vitamin E in gastric juice was recorded. Substitution of vitamin C and E in gastritis associated with colonization with H.p. has a favourable effect and may reduce the risk of malignization.

Ascorbic Acid↗

PubMed1998

[Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Czech Republic--the South Moravia Region].

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is influenced in a significant way by geographical conditions and depends to a certain extent also on the economic standard of different countries. Some published work provides evidence that Helicobacter pylori infections in eastern European countries are in general more frequent than in western European countries. It cannot be ruled out, however, that in different countries there are regional differences as far as Helicobacter pylori is concerned. In a group of 309 subjects, none of those treated previously to eradicate H.pylori, at least three weeks before blood sampling no preparations of the type of H2 blockers, proton pump blockers or drugs containing bismuth were administered. In these patients serological examinations of H.pylori antibodies were made, using kits of TEST-LINE Brno. The examined subjects were divided into six age groups by decades, starting at the age of 20 years. The general prevalence of H.pylori in the examined group was 58.8%, in the group of 20-year-old ones less than 46%. The highest prevalence was recorded in subjects aged 50-59 years and amounted to 67.3%. The authors compare their own results with findings assembled in the Czech Republic and abroad and draw attention to the necessity of an extensive epidemiological survey of H.pylori prevalence in the Czech Republic. The survey should be done by regions, using the same diagnostic method.

Adult↗