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Biomedical subjects

P Damiani

Publications and source records attributed to P Damiani.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Intrathecal perfusion of an oxygenated perfluorocarbon prevents paraplegia after aortic occlusion.

A canine model was used to evaluate the effects of continuous intrathecal perfusion of an oxygenated perfluorocarbon emulsion on systemic and cerebral hemodynamics and neurologic outcome after 70 minutes of normothermic aortic occlusion. Twelve mongrel dogs were instrumented to monitor proximal and distal arterial blood pressure, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, spinal cord perfusion pressure, and somatosensory evoked potentials. The intrathecal perfusion apparatus consisted of two perfusing catheters, placed in the intrathecal space through a laminectomy, and a draining catheter percutaneously inserted in the cisterna cerebellomedullaris. The aorta was cross-clamped just distal to the left subclavian artery for 70 minutes. Animals were randomized into two groups: group 1 (n = 6) animals were treated with intrathecal perfusion of saline solution, whereas group 2 (n = 6) animals received oxygenated Fluosol-DA 20%. Data were acquired at baseline, during the cross-clamp period, and after reperfusion. Normothermic Fluosol or saline solution was infused at a rate of 15 mL/min beginning 15 minutes before cross-clamping and continued throughout the ischemic interval. There was no difference in proximal arterial blood pressure (97.2 versus 95.4 mm Hg; p > 0.05) or distal arterial blood pressure (14.6 versus 15.0; p > 0.05) between the two groups throughout the cross-clamp interval. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure rose significantly in both groups with the onset of intrathecal perfusion of either saline solution or Fluosol (7 +/- 1 versus 24 +/- 5 and 8 +/- 1 versus 40 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.05). The rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure was sustained throughout the perfusion interval in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Determination of sorbic acid in margarine and butter by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A procedure is reported for the separation and determination of sorbic acid, as a derivative of 4-bromoethyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using enanthic acid as an internal standard. Sorbic acid, separated from samples of commercial margarine and butter by steam distillation, was evaluated using the proposed procedure and by UV absorption and visible spectrophotometric methods (AOAC). The preparation of the calibration graph and the determination of sorbic acid with the visible spectrophotometric method was improved. The sorbic acid content determined using UV and visible spectrophotometric methods was higher than that obtained with the reversed-phase performance liquid chromatographic method owing to the presence of interfering substances in the samples. The range of recovery and the precision of the proposed method and the reference methods are also reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hemodynamic and hemorheologic effects of i.v. Dilevalol in hypertensive patients.

The authors evaluated the effect of Dilevalol infusion on blood pressure, heart rate, central hemodynamics, and rheologic parameters in hospitalized inpatients affected with mild or moderate hypertension. After a dose-finding phase and a washout period of one week, 10 patients aged fifty to seventy-two-years (median 61.5) were given either a single dose of Dilevalol 60 mg or placebo, and seven days later they underwent the other treatment, according to a single-blind, crossover design. Central hemodynamic measurements were performed by means of M-mode echocardiography, and hemorheologic parameters were evaluated by means of strain-gauge plethysmography. The maximal increase in lower extremity flow at rest had been obtained with the infusion of 60 mg Dilevalol during dose-finding, and so this dose was chosen for the second part of the study. The infusion of Dilevalol significantly increased rest flow and decreased blood viscosity, but the changes in central, parameters were not considered clinically relevant, although statistically significant. Blood pressure decreased without significant changes in heart rate. Thus, the acute administration of Dilevalol reduced blood pressure, without affecting heart rate and central hemodynamics, confirming the vasodilating effect of the drug. A significant improvement was also shown on blood viscosity in these hypertensive patients.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1991

Role of arachidonic acid metabolites in oleic acid induced pulmonary injury in a canine model. Effect of ketoconazole (thromboxane synthetase inhibitor).

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ketoconazole, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and pulmonary function in experimental respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary artery infusion of oleic acid (PAIOA), 0.1 ml/kg, was used to cause lung injury. Ten dogs were randomized into two groups (Gps): Gp I (n = 5) acted as control, whereas Gp II (n = 5) were treated with IV ketoconazole (2.5 mg/kg bolus then 10 mg/kg/hour for 2.5 hours). Hemodynamics, extravascular lung water (EVLW), serum levels of PGE2, and TxB2 were obtained at baseline (BL) and at 30-minute intervals for 2.5 hours (T30-T150). After 30 minutes of PAIOA the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly in both Gps (131 +/- 17 vs. 88 +/- 9 mmHg Gp 1, 119 +/- 9 vs. 79 +/- 8 mmHg Gp II, P less than 0.05); however, while MAP returned to BL values in Gp II, it remained significantly lower throughout the experimental interval in Gp I. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MAP) was not significantly affected by PAIOA in either Gp, while pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly from BL at T120 in Gp II. Pulmonary function measured by partial pressure of arterial O2 (PaO2) and extravascular lung water (EVLW) were significantly affected by PAIOA. There was a significant decrease in PaO2 (66 +/- 6 vs. 96 +/- 8 mmHg, Gp I and 60 +/- 7 vs. 100 +/- 6 mmHg, Gp II) as well as an increase in EVLW (604 +/- 61 vs. 135 +/- 9 ml, Gp I and 641 +/- 110 vs. 117 +/- 18 ml, Gp II) in both Gps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Calcium dobesilate in the treatment of primary venous insufficiency of the lower limbs. A controlled clinical study].

Fourty patients with lower limb chronic venous insufficiency entered a randomised placebo controlled study with calcium dobesilate for one month. Clinical symptoms and plethysmographic parameters were evaluated before and after therapy in all patients. In the group of patients treated with calcium dobesilate we observed an improvement of clinical and instrumental parameters; no changes were found in the placebo group. We observed good tolerance to the drug and no side effects required withdrawal of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

5'-nucleotidase from bull seminal plasma, chicken gizzard and snake venom is a zinc metalloprotein.

Using flame atomic absorption spectrometry the tight association of zinc to three different purified 5'-nucleotidases at a molar ratio of 2 could be proven. These 5'-nucleotidases purified from bull seminal plasma (BSP), chicken gizzard (CG) and snake venom (SV) are thus zinc metalloproteins. Removal of zinc results in the loss of their AMPase activity, which could be fully restored after readdition of zinc at a molar ratio of 2, for BSP and CG, and 1.5, for SV 5'-nucleotidase. Reactivation of their AMPase activity after the removal of zinc could also be obtained by addition of cobalt and copper ions, which were found to also bind with a molar ratio of 2 to the three 5'-nucleotidases tested.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1989

In vivo and in vitro evidence of an adenosine-mediated mechanism of calcium entry blocker activities.

Drugs such as dipyridamole (200 micrograms/kg/min), an adenosine uptake inhibitor, and theophylline (300 micrograms/kg/min), an adenosine receptor antagonist, respectively increased and decreased postischemic hyperemia in normal subjects, as well as in POAD patients. Moreover, dipyridamole pretreatment was able to antagonize the reduction of peak flow induced by nifedipine, and the potentiating effect of flunarizine on postischemic hyperemia was affected significantly by theophylline, thus suggesting a possible interference of calcium entry blocker drugs with the endogenous adenosine system. In a cellular model (polymorphonuclear leukocytes--PMN) the inhibitory effect of calcium entry blockers on stimulated functions (degranulation and free radical production) was highly antagonized by theophylline. Finally, a 1H-NMR spectroscopy study showed a binding interaction between adenosine and flunarizine on the cell membrane. An adenosine-receptor coupling to the calcium entry blocker channels is suggested.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1988

Nutritional status of a group of institutionalized elderly people in Perugia (Italy).

In this group of institutionalized elderly people the anthropometry and body composition situation is much better than that observed in a noninstitutionalized group examined longitudinally on a previous occasion. On the other hand, as expected, indices of physical activity are lower. The diet is in general satisfactory, considering the very low physical activity of those individuals. Only a few foods and nutrients show marginal low intakes (fish, eggs and legumes; lipids, iron, thiamin and vitamin A).

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Mortality and morbidity due to alcoholism].

The basic data used are statistics of causes of death, with correction taking into account unspecified causes of death. In a first part, we show different aspects of mortality due to alcoholism and cirrhosis of liver: variations recording sex and age group, time evolution, seasonal variations, regional variations. In a second part, we estimated, with a model, prevalence and incidence rates of these two causes of death, according sex and age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Alcoholism and risk factors].

The basic data used are: statistics of causes of death by sex for the 45-64 years age group, 17 socio-demographic factors, blood groups and overweight. In a first part, we measure the statistical linkage between mortality by alcoholism and cirrhosis of liver and socio-demographic and biometric factors. In a second part, we show the weight of alcoholism as risk factor in the mortality by cause, the linkage between alcohol consumption and cancers, the weight of alcoholism in an health index.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

[Alcohol consumption].

The basic data used are statistics of causes of death due to alcoholism by sex and age group. In a first part, we estimated, with some simple hypotheses, alcohol consumption according sex and age group. In a second part, we show the existence of two kinds of consumption: endogenous or innate, exogenous or acquired. Finally, in a third part, we measure the linkage between alcohol and general and endogenous consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Alcoholism and mortality by cause, alcoholism and tobacco].

The basic data used are statistics of causes of death by sex and age group, with corrections taking into account unspecified causes of death. In a first part, we measure, with a model, the statistical linkage between mortality by cause and alcohol consumption, estimated from mortality of alcoholism. In a second part, the linkage has been calculated without influence of tobacco consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ultradian and circadian respiratory rhythms in grouped small laboratory vertebrate species as a method to assess the effects of environmental challenges.

The recording over several days of the respiratory gases of groups of different laboratory vertebrates (mice, rats, quails), placed in a chamber with controlled ventilation, and in standardized environmental conditions of temperature, humidity, light, noise and feeding, shows ultradian (tau less than 24 hr) and circadian (tau congruent to 24 hr) rhythms. A simple variance analysis method shows periodic carbon dioxide changes, due to different environmental stimuli. Societal, light, acoustical, carbon monoxide and starvation challenges are given as examples. This technique enables us quickly to collect, on a great number of animals, data which correspond to societal behavior changes peculiar to the considered species.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Antigen-induced release of histamine from passively sensitized guinea pig lung slices. I. Optimum conditions for in vitro passive sensitization and challenge with antigen.

The effect of several parameters (pH, Ca++ concentration, time, temperature, lung slice size) on in vitro antigen-induced histamine release from passively sensitized guinea pig lung slices was investigated. With respect to pH, Ca++ concentration and time, the optimal conditions for the passive sensitization step (pH 7.8, Ca++ 1.5 mM, 2 h) were distinctly different from those for the antigen challenge step (pH 8.2, Ca++ 10mM, 15 min). Maximum antigen-induced release was obtained with 3 X 0.25 X 0.25 mm lung slices at 37 degrees C using air as gas phase.

Air↗
PubMed1977

Fluorometric determination of glycerol in wine--comparison with other known procedures.

The glycerol content of 6 wines was evaluated by using 3 different preliminary treatments and, subsequently, a variety of instrumental and chemical procedures (fluorometric, vapor phase chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives, volumetric, and colorimetric). The data showed that all these procedures are applicable; in particular, the fluorometric procedure, which has not been used until now, provides average recoveries of added glycerol ranging from 99.3 to 100.9%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.9 to 3.2%. Vapor phase chromatography provides average recoveries of added glycerol ranging from 99.8 to 100.1%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.0 to 2.7%. Therefore, the fluorometric procedure appears especially useful for reliable routine analyses, because it is specific for glycerol and provides results that are unaffected by preliminary treatment. Thus it allows analysis of diluted wine, when the sugar content does not exceed 5 g/L; sweet wines must undergo an ion exchange pretreatment.

Glycerol↗
PubMed1975

Model of transition between causes of death.

This paper describes an attempt to estimate the probabilities of transition between various major causes of death during the period 1954-1962. The regression coefficients have been estimated from French département death rates for ten main or typical causes of death, assessed by sex for the age group 45-64 years.

Female↗