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Biomedical subjects

P Darcet

Publications and source records attributed to P Darcet.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids raise low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein 2, and plasminogen-activator inhibitor in healthy young men.

The effects of a moderate supplementation in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were investigated in 36 young healthy adult males. Factors investigated were lipoprotein (including HDL subfractions and apolipoproteins) and hemostasis indexes, assessed by platelet aggregation and plasminogen-activator-inhibitor (PAI) activity. Fat-controlled diets were prescribed, one with and one without a fish-oil supplement (control diet), successively during 3 wk in random order. Total calorie, fat, and cholesterol intakes were similar in the two diets. Triglycerides in serum and very-low-density lipoproteins were lower and high-density-lipoprotein 2 cholesterol was higher with the n-3 PUFA-supplemented diet. These effects as well as a significant decrease in platelet aggregation can be considered beneficial in terms of cardiovascular risk. However, significant increases in low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and PAI activity occurred and were correlated. This latter effect could be detrimental.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Mortality and morbidity in a cohort of elderly Parisian managers followed for 14 years].

A randomized sample of 180 male managers, 63-64 years old received a standardized medical examination at the four times of a longitudinal study (1975-78-82-88). The prevalence and incidence rates of principal chronic diseases were evaluated according to ICD-9. The incidence rates of surgery operations and death were calculated. The prevalence and incidence rates of some diseases definitely increase with age. On the contrary, the rates of others diseases declined. The individual differences in morbidity indexes are large and increased with age. The morbidity index is lowest at the beginning of the seventies. Cancers and cardiovascular diseases were respectively the first and second causes of death.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of dietary omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes].

C18:2 omega 6/C18:3 omega 3 ratio was lowered in the diet of Elderly subjects. This was done by the replacement of usual sunflower oil by rapeseed oil or by supplementing soybean oil. This diet modification induced an increase of EPA (C20:5 omega 3) and DHA (C22:6 omega 3) in red cell phospholipids. The omega 6 fatty acids (C18:2 and C20:4) were slightly modified. Therefore, dietary C18:2 omega 6/C18:3 omega 3 ratio, seems to play an important role in the determination of membrane highly unsaturated fatty acid levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane synthesis after intake of small amount of icosapentaenoic acid.

Elderly people ingested 150 mg/day of icosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) or a placebo for one month. Platelet aggregation, platelet arachidonate metabolism and the fatty acid composition of both plasma and platelet lipids were investigated before and after the intake. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen, epinephrine or low concentrations of ADP was significantly reduced after 20:5n-3 intake. Besides, the main oxygenated product formation from endogenous platelet arachidonate under thrombin stimulation was markedly decreased after the 20:5n-3 supplementation. Such a decrease was absent after placebo. Moreover, no modification in the fatty acid composition of both plasma lipids and platelet phosphatidylcholine could be observed. We conclude that intake of low amounts of 20:5n-3 by elderly people, is able to lower their platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents, probably by decreasing the endogenous formation of platelet thromboxane A2, although no modification in the fatty acid composition was detected.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

[Aging of cognitive functions. Results of a longitudinal study].

This study had the two following purposes: to assess the age-related changes in the fluid and crystallized components of intelligence in subjects over age sixty five; to examine whether these age-related changes were linked to any biological, psychological and social factors. The sample was composed of 50 male subjects who were examined three times: in 1968, 1973 and 1977. At the beginning of the study, their age ranged from 60 to 79 years and they were all in good health. In the whole, their socio-economic level was high. At each wave of the study, these subjects were given the same battery of three mental tests: a vocabulary test, selected to assess crystallized intelligence; a perceptual test and a speeded digit coding test, both selected to assess fluid intelligence. Results show that the two components of intelligence have different aging trajectories over age sixty. On the vocabulary test, performances hold until an advanced age (about 75-80), then significantly decline. On the perceptual and digit coding tests, performances sharply and significantly decline with age, this decline looking approximately linear. Whatever the test used, individual differences in age-related changes in performance are found to be great. On vocabulary test, this variability is linked to two factors, independently of age: among subjects who have suffered from a cardio-arterial disease between wave 1 and wave 3, as well as in those who have not maintained an occupational activity, decline in performance is greater than in other subjects. On the two other tests, no factor was found to be significantly linked with change in performance between wave 1 and wave 3.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Retirement, psychological well-being and health: longitudinal study of a population of Parisian executives].

A longitudinal study was carried out on a sample of 155 french male managers in order to test the hypothesis that retirement has negative effects on health and life satisfaction in upper white-collar workers. At wave 1 (in 1976) of the study, these 155 managers were all working full time. At wave 2 (in 1979), 105 were retired and 50 were still working full time. Results from the comparison of these two groups do not support this hypothesis. On the other hand, the data suggest that some psychological factors assessed at wave 1 are, independently of retirement, significantly related to changes occurred in health and life satisfaction between the two waves of the study.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1980

[Study of the metabolism of fatty acids and total plasma lipids, and platelet aggregation of a population of elderly men using a diet enriched in gamma-linolenic acid].

33 healthy men, 72 years old on average, ingested during five week: 2,4 g of Oenothera Biennis oil rich in PUFA. Before and after ingestion, platelet aggregation was measured according to the Born's photometric method, which divided the original group into two classes: "15" normal subjects (NAG) and "18" hyperagregated (HAG). The fatty acids contained in the serum were analysed by GLC. NAG liquid pattern did not show any difference after oil ingestion, as in HAG group, significant modifications were observed in palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acid series. These observations probably correspond to a fundamental behavior difference, which might be related to desaturase activity reduction. Such a phenomenon would appear with ageing in some subjects. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the inclusion of the two methods of investigation described above would constitute a good approach for studying the enzymatic system activity in ageing.

Aged↗