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P Darnault

Publications and source records attributed to P Darnault.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Electronic imaging with photo-realistic rendering for neuroanatomy teaching. Methods and preliminary results].

Advances in software, networking, and imaging technology provide a unique opportunity for developing information systems in anatomy that can deliver relevant knowledge to the clinicians, researchers, educators, and students. Recent software tools initially produced for graphic imaging are now available in the medical graphic design field. The authors describe an original method they used to create electronic images of the central nervous system and its coverings with photo-realistic rendering. They present preliminary results and discuss the potential of this new technique as a teaching tool for neuroanatomy.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1999

Anatomic bases for the compression and neurolysis of the deep branch of the radial nerve in the radial tunnel.

The anatomy of the radial tunnel was studied on twenty-five elbow preparations. We noted five different elements that could affect the deep branch of the radial nerve in the radial tunnel and cause an entrapment syndrome: a capsule-tendon-aponeurotic complex on the anterior aspect of both the humeroradial joint and the radial head, the vascular arcade formed by the radial recurrent a, and its branches, the arcade formed by the medial edge of extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, and the superior and inferior arcades of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle. These results are compared with recent anatomical and clinical data, and the relevance of a surgical approach between the extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus muscles is discussed.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1998

Unusual origin of the ophthalmic artery and occlusion of the central retinal artery.

Any variations in the origin of the ophthalmic a. are uncommon and well-explained by the comparative anatomy and human embryology. A unique case is reported of an ophthalmic a. arising from the middle meningeal a. associated with an occlusion of the central retinal a. Embryologic variations which can give such an unusual origin are discussed. Although this association may be fortuitous, we consider that an unusual origin of the ophthalmic a. could be a further factor for an occlusion of the central retinal a.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery.

In this study, the authors present the results of 50 dissections of the anterior choroidal a. in man. Fifty cerebral hemispheres were prepared with the classic techniques of preservation and vascular injection. An ectopic origin was observed in 4% of cases. The intracisternal segment of the anterior choroidal a. forms a neurovascular bundle with the optic tract and basal v. Most of its intraparenchymatous branches arise from the cisternal segment, while branches supplying the optic tract, lateral geniculate body and thalamus arise from the intraplexual segment. Constant anastomoses exist with the vertebrobasilar system, specially the postero-lateral choroidal and posterior cerebral aa. We discuss the importance of an adequate knowledge of the anatomy of the anterior choroidal a. and its relations in the surgical approach to arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations of the region.

Arteriovenous Anastomosis↗
PubMed1996

Anatomical relationships and scapular attachments of the supraspinatus muscle.

Ten anatomical preparations and 15 MRI scans (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) performed on healthy subjects were used to define accurately the lateral attachments and anatomical boundaries of the supraspinatus m. Using 5 frozen specimens sectioned in the plane corresponding to the sagittal oblique MRI plane, it was possible to calculate quantitatively the ratio between the bony contours (O) and muscles (M) of the supraspinous fossa. This ratio was maximal (O/M = 2.4) for the section passing through the plane which included the coracoid process anteriorly and the spine of the scapula posteriorly ("Y" section). Five dissections on unembalmed subjects demonstrated that the postero-lateral origin of supraspinatus m. extended further laterally than classically described. This observation was confirmed in the 15 MRI subjects which showed that the supraspinatus m. may arise as far laterally as the "Y" section on MRI in 53% of cases. A quantitative evaluation of atrophy of the supraspinatus m. using MRI is possible with a knowledge of these two parameters.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Extrapulmonary mycobacterial infection with multiple cold abscesses].

We report one case of extrapulmonary mycobacterial infection, in the absence of HIV infection, singular by a clinical presentation simulating a tumor, associating a bulky intrahepatic mass, an abscess of the psoas, multiple intracerebral lesions, and an obstructive intracardiac mass of the right ventricle, which required a surgical resection. We comment the type of the mycobacterium involved and the hepatic and cardiac localisations, since macronodular hepatic abscesses are rare, and cardiac abcesses, exceptional.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Testicular microlithiasis: ultrasonographic diagnosis and semiologic value].

Testicular microlithiasis corresponds to calcifications in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. This rare condition, primarily diagnosed histologically, is usually discovered on scrotal ultrasonography. The characteristic appearance combines multiple microscopic hyperechoic areas disseminated bilaterally throughout the testicular parenchyma. The coexistence of microlithiasis and testicular neoplasms has been described and raises the problem of the therapeutic approach following incidental discovery on scrotal ultrasonography performed for other reasons. The authors report a case of testicular microlithiasis discovered on ultrasonography performed after testicular trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Ultrasonic assessment of the anatomy and function of the tongue.

The tongue is a complex muscular structure. Apart from its intrinsic strength, it has a major influence on the adjacent bony structures. Real time ultrasound appears to be the method of choice for assessing the topographic and functional anatomy. The examination was performed using an Acuson 128 scanner, with a 5 MHz probe, either a sector scanner (sagittal plane) or linear array probe (coronal plane). The scans were performed using the sub-hyoid approach, between the rami of the mandible. The images were stored on U-matic videotape. Thirty adult patients were included in the study population. The scan protocol consisted of an examination of the tongue at rest, a scan of the swallowing mechanism with and without a liquid bolus and a study of the posterior lingual positions (which show some anatomical variation). The intrinsic muscles of the tongue and the floor of the mouth could be identified on the "at rest" images. The lingual mass is the most important parameter and is opposed against the palate in order to propel a bolus during the swallowing mechanism. The mobility, shape and supporting structures of the tongue are variable depending on the nature of the bolus, the patient and the two imaging planes. Ultrasound is a simple and non-invasive method for the examination of the buccal cavity. The function of the posterior portion of the tongue must be taken into consideration prior to any treatment concerning the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis after blunt testicular trauma.

The aim of this study is to determine the value of ultrasound evaluation for the diagnosis of testis rupture due to blunt scrotal trauma. We reviewed 16 operated cases of blunt scrotal trauma with hematocele, which were evaluated by ultrasound preoperatively. In 2 cases a tunica albuginea rupture was correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography but there were 2 false-positive and 5 false-negative diagnoses of rupture. Systematic exploration of the 16 cases revealed testicular rupture in 7, simple hematocele in 7 and hematocele associated with spermatic cord injury in 2. In 2 cases orchiectomy was necessary. From our experience the accuracy rate of ultrasound evaluation of blunt scrotal trauma was 56%, with a 58% negative predictive value. Considering these results, ultrasound examination of blunt scrotal trauma with hematocele is not sufficiently accurate to eliminate surgical exploration and, therefore, we recommended early surgical exploration as primary therapy in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Endoscopic treatment and extracorporeal lithotripsy in chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Preliminary results in 16 patients].

UNLABELLED: A new therapeutic approach has been recently proposed in the management of chronic pancreatitis, including pancreatic endoscopic papillotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the short--and long-term results of these procedures in a series of 16 patients aged 48.9 +/- 14 years. The indication for endoscopic treatment was pain in 15 cases and steatorrhea in one case. Pancreatic duct abnormalities included main pancreatic duct stenosis with calculi (9 cases), communicating pseudocysts upstream to a ductal stenosis or obstruction by calculi (4 cases), and isolated calculi (4 cases). Clinical response and morphologic parameters were used for analysis. Mean follow-up was 18.6 months (3.5 months to 7 years). RESULTS: a) pancreatic endoscopic papillotomy, stents placement, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy were successfully performed in 15 out of 16 cases, 1 out of 4 cases and 8 out of 8 cases, respectively; b) symptomatic improvement was observed in 11 of 15 patients with painful pancreatitis as relief was complete in 8, and partial in 3 cases. Pain relapse occurred in these latter 3 patients 4, 18 and 48 months after treatment; diabetes mellitus remained unchanged in all cases; c) diameter of the main pancreatic duct and pancreatic calcifications decreased in 8 of 15 cases and in 10 of 15 cases, respectively; pseudocyst disappeared in 2 of 4 cases; clinical improvement was significantly correlated with pancreatic morphology improvement. Clinical relapse was associated with calculi recurrence in every case. No complication was observed. Endoscopic papillotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are feasible in most cases of chronic pancreatitis. Relief of pain is obtained rapidly after treatment and seems to be correlated with the quality of pancreatic drainage.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between gastric mucosal changes and hemodynamic patterns in alcoholic cirrhosis. A prospective study.

Most gastric mucosal changes in cirrhosis are thought to be related to vasculopathy. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between gastric mucosal changes and hemodynamic in cirrhosis. Thirty patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were divided into four groups: no congestive gastropathy (n = 6), mild congestive gastropathy type 1 (discrete mosaic pattern) (n = 9), mild congestive gastropathy type 2 (obvious mosaic pattern) (n = 9), and severe congestive gastropathy (n = 6). The four groups did not significantly differ with respect to clinical and biochemical data, degree of hepatic dysfunction, or endoscopic signs of portal hypertension. A hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome was observed in most patients, but tended to be more pronounced in patients with severe congestive gastropathy and mild congestive gastropathy type 2 as compared to patients with normal mucosa, or mild congestive gastropathy type 1. Systemic vascular resistance was found to be significantly lower in high-grade patients (mild congestive gastropathy type 2 + severe congestive gastropathy, n = 15) as compared with low-grade patients (no congestive gastropathy + mild congestive gastropathy type 1, n = 15) (736 +/- 267 vs 1,046 +/- 403 dyne.s.cm-5, P = 0.02). Neither splanchnic hemodynamics as assessed by the degree of portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient) and superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance (Doppler measurement of the pulsatility index) catecholamines or glucagon serum levels differed significantly between the four groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Congenital intrahepatic arterio-portal fistula: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

The authors report the case of a 4 month old child presenting with a congenital arteriovenous fistula of the left hepatic lobe, revealed by a melaena. Doppler ultrasonography and angiography showed a voluminous vascular malformation fed by a left hepatic artery and fistulized in the portal vein. The therapeutical approach was first palliative, by ligature of the left hepatic artery which proved unsuccessful and resulted in re-permeation of the malformation through a right hepatic artery. Two embolization procedures were then attempted, without success. A left hepatectomy was then performed to remove the malformation. The main event of outcome was the secondary occurrence of a portal cavernoma, with persistent splenic segmentary portal hypertension, and oesophageal varicosity. This case report is the occasion for a literature review on congenital arteriovenous fistulae in the portal region, and for a discussion on therapeutical modalities.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1991

Antenatal diagnosis of abdominothoracic alimentary tract duplication: a case report.

Alimentary tract duplications are rare, linked in their tubular form with a disturbance of organogenesis at the time of the separation of the notochord during the 4th week of gestation. Its division leads to the formation of a supernumerary esophagus, situated in the posterior mediastinum, associated with vertebral malformations and connected at its distal extremity with the alimentary tract. We report a case of esophageal duplication revealed antenatally as an ultrasound image of fluid tonality in the posterior mediastinum, causing a major pleural effusion. The other diagnostic possibilities are discussed in terms of the anatomy, embryogenesis and ultrasonographic appearance of the lesion.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1991

Acute nondilated anuric obstructive nephropathy on echography: difficult diagnosis in the intensive care unit.

Renal echography (RE) is a well recognized, accurate, non-invasive imaging procedure for detecting urinary tract (UT) obstruction in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients: a dilated collecting system is usually present but a few cases of nondilated obstructive nephropathy have been previously described. We report the clinical, biological, imaging procedure data and outcome of 6 additional cases of anuric obstructive nephropathy without dilatation on one or more RE. All patients had previous and/or actual history suggestive of UT obstruction. Retrograde ureteropyelography (RUP) was performed in all of them: it provided the diagnosis of obstruction in 4 and was immediately followed by dramatic improvement of renal function in all, including the 2 patients with septic shock from proven or suspected UT origin. The cause of obstruction was a neoplastic retroperitoneal process in 4. We conclude that anuric nondilated obstructive renal failure is not uncommon and should be considered in anuric patients when UT obstruction is likely to occur. The sole visualization of a non-dilated collecting system on RE should lead to repeat RE, especially in hypovolemic anuric patients. RUP provided immediate diagnostic and therapeutic benefits in comparison with other imaging procedures in our series.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Pseudoaneurysms and bleeding pseudocysts in chronic pancreatitis: radiological findings and contribution to diagnosis in 8 cases.

Pseudoaneurysms and bleeding pseudocysts are rare but life-threatening complications of chronic pancreatitis. This report summarizes our experience in 8 cases collected from among 250 patients admitted for chronic pancreatitis. We describe the radiological findings of nine vascular lesions and especially emphasize the contribution of recent radiological imaging, ultrasound and computed tomography scanning in establishing the diagnosis of vascular complication. We also report a case of successful embolization of a splenic pseudoaneurysm that ruptured into the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Radiologic aspects of a case of Waldmann's disease].

The Waldmann's disease or intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease. We observed a case which occurred in a 14 years old boy. The disease was discovered in the screening of an intermittent diarrhea. The diagnosis was suspected on biological signs of protein-losing enteropathy and the presence of lymphangiectasias seen during endoscopy. The lymphography was conclusive showing the abnormal opacification of the mesenteric region. The other examinations were also important to assert the idiopathic origin of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The human temporo-mandibular joint: current anatomic and physiologic status.

The aim of this study was to take stock of current anatomic and physiologic knowledge of the human temporo-mandibular joint. Though the lateral pterygoid m. plays an essential role in joint movements, we believe that the small deep portion of the masseter and temporalis have a supplementary action in guiding the articular disc forward. The embryologists have demonstrated joint movements in the two-month embryo and at this stage there already exists a triple attachment of the temporalis, pterygoid and masseter to the disc.

Adult↗