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P Dehaene

Publications and source records attributed to P Dehaene.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Prenatal alcohol exposure and signs of minor neurological dysfunction at preschool age.

High levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy affect the development of the baby's central nervous system. Pregnant women were interviewed about their alcohol consumption during pregnancy, when they first visited the maternity hospital in Roubaix, France. Of the 698 women interviewed, 156 of their children were investigated at the age of 4 1/2 years with a standardised examination to assess the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neurological status. Two scores were calculated: a posture score, which measured items while the child was standing; and a minor neurological signs score. The posture score was not related to prenatal alcohol exposure. Consumption of 21 drinks/week (3 drinks/day) or more during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher number of minor neurological signs, after controlling for relevant covariables. Although prenatal alcohol exposure was related to a lower General Cognitive Index (GCI), minor neurological signs were associated with prenatal alcohol exposure after controlling for GCI.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

We critique published incidences for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and present new estimates of the incidence of FAS and the prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND). We first review criteria necessary for valid estimation of FAS incidence. Estimates for three population-based studies that best meet these criteria are reported with adjustment for underascertainment of highly exposed cases. As a result, in 1975 in Seattle, the incidence of FAS can be estimated as at least 2.8/1000 live births, and for 1979-81 in Cleveland, approximately 4.6/1,000. In Roubaix, France (for data covering periods from 1977-1990), the rate is between 1.3 and 4.8/1,000, depending on the severity of effects used as diagnostic criteria. Utilizing the longitudinal neurobehavioral database of the Seattle study, we propose an operationalization of the Institute of Medicine's recent definition of ARND and estimate its prevalence in Seattle for the period 1975-1981. The combined rate of FAS and ARND is thus estimated to be at least 9.1/1,000. This conservative rate--nearly one in every 100 live births--confirms the perception of many health professionals that fetal alcohol exposure is a serious problem.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and psychomotor development at preschool age.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on psychomotor development of preschool-age children in a longitudinal study. METHODS: Pregnant women were interviewed about their alcohol consumption at their first visit to the maternity hospital in Roubaix, France. Alcohol consumption before pregnancy and during the first trimester was assessed with a structured questionnaire. The psychomotor development of 155 children of these women was assessed with the McCarthy scales of children's abilities when the children were about 4 1/2 years old. RESULTS: Consumption of 1.5 oz of absolute alcohol (approximately three drinks) or more per day during pregnancy was significantly related to a decrease of 7 points in the mean score on the general cognitive index of the McCarthy scales, after gender, birth order, maternal education, score for family stimulation, family status, maternal employment, child's age at examination, and examiner were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that moderate to heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy, at levels well below those associated with fetal alcohol syndrome, has effects on children's psychomotor development.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fetal alcohol syndrome in twins of alcoholic mothers: concordance of diagnosis and IQ.

The effects of teratogens can be modified by genetic differences in fetal susceptibility and resistance. Twins of alcoholic mothers provide a unique opportunity to study this phenomenon with respect to alcohol teratogenesis. Sixteen pairs of twins, 5 MZ and 11 DZ, all heavily exposed to alcohol prenatally, were evaluated. They represented all available twins of alcohol-abusing mothers who were on the patient rolls of the authors. The rate of concordance for diagnosis was 5/5 for MZ and 7/11 for DZ twins. In two DZ pairs, one twin had fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while the other had fetal alcohol effects (FAE). In 2 other DZ pairs, one twin had no diagnosis while one had FAE. IQ scores were most similar within pairs of MZ twins and least similar within pairs of DZ twins discordant for diagnosis. Despite equivalent alcohol exposure within twin pairs, alcohol teratogenesis appears to be more uniformly expressed in MZ than in DZ twins. These data are interpreted as reflecting the modulating influence of genes in the expression of the teratogenic effects of alcohol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of birth weight of alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol and caffeine consumption on birth weight and the possible interaction of these substances with smoking. The sample included 628 women who were interviewed at their first visit to the maternity hospital of Roubaix, France, in 1985-1986. A significant reduction in birth weight was found to be associated with an average daily alcohol consumption of three drinks or more after gestational age, infant sex, maternal age, parity, weight, and height, and cigarette smoking had been controlled for. There was no interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption on birth weight, but a significant relation between alcohol consumption and birth weight was observed among nonsmokers as well as heavy smokers. The relation observed between caffeine and birth weight disappeared after adjustment for smoking. Our results indicate that alcohol reduces birth weight, but do not support the hypothesis of an interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1992

Folate status during pregnancy: relationship with alcohol consumption, other maternal risk factors and pregnancy outcome.

This study was designed to identify the factors affecting folate status in pregnant women and to explore the relationship between folate status and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. For this purpose, 347 French women were recruited during 1985-1986 on their first visit to the antenatal clinic at Roubaix Hospital (northern France). Alcohol consumption was ascertained by a standardized interview. Folate status assessment was available for 246 pregnant women who were not given folate supplementation. Average folate levels during pregnancy were lower among young women and smokers. Serum folate values diminished with the educational level, and red cell folate values increased with high parity. Unexpectedly, high red cell folate values were strongly related with high alcohol consumption after adjustment for the maternal risk factors associated with alcohol consumption and folate status. This was probably because in the Roubaix region where the study was conducted women consume mostly beer, which contains folates. Pregnancy outcome was not related to folate levels; birthweight was negatively associated with alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol use in pregnancy, craniofacial features, and fetal growth.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the relationship between the level of alcohol consumption in pregnancy and craniofacial characteristics of the neonate. DESIGN: This was a prospective survey of a sample of pregnant women, stratified on prepregnancy level of alcohol consumption. SETTING: The study was carried out at the public antenatal clinic of Roubaix maternity hospital. PARTICIPANTS: During an eight month period, 684 women (89% of those eligible) were interviewed in a standardised way at their first antenatal clinic visit. Of these, all who were suspected of being alcoholic or heavy drinkers (at least 21 drinks per week) were selected for follow up, as was a subsample of light (0-6 drinks per week) and moderate (7-20 drinks per week) drinkers. Of 347 women selected in this way, 202 had their infants assessed by a standardised morphological examination. MEASUREMENTS AND AND MAIN RESULTS: Suggestive craniofacial characteristics of the infants, present either in isolation or in association with growth retardation ("fetal alcohol effects"), were compared in relation to maternal alcohol consumption (alcoholic 12%; heavy drinking 24%; moderate drinking 28%; light drinking 36%). No differences were found between light and moderate drinkers. Infants born to alcoholics had a greater number of craniofacial characteristics and the proportion with features compatible with fetal alcohol effects was higher. There was a similar trend for infants of heavy drinkers. Infants of heavy drinkers who had decreased their alcohol consumption during pregnancy had fewer craniofacial features. Infants of heavy smokers were also found to have increased numbers of craniofacial characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Craniofacial morphology could be a sensitive indicator of alcohol exposure in utero. Altered morphology is usually considered specific for alcohol exposure, but the relation observed with smoking needs further exploration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical aspects, epidemiologic progression of fetal alcoholism: a current daily problem].

Foetal and neonatal consequences of exogenous intoxications are nowadays better apprehended especially regarding alcohol. Alcoholism during pregnancy is the cause of the syndrome of foetal alcoholism described in France by Lemoine in 1968 and then by Jones and Smith in 1973. The prevalence of the table is 1 out of 700 to 800 deliveries for the severe forms and concerns especially by not exclusively the most underprivileged sections of the population and shows in: -- a very specific dysmorphy of skull and face and other abnormalities which give to the face a singular and persistent aspect; -- various and frequent malformative abnormalities with a pronounced tendency for cardiopathy. Most of them are latent or of late discovery; -- a constant growth lateness which is also part of the table as well as prematurity and spontaneous abortion. Hypotrophy is moderate, total, and cerebral; -- effects on central nervous system: it is the third overall cause of mental lateness after trisomy and deficiency of neural canal. Other causes and themselves to alcohol to produce these effects that show themselves on badly affected children or dead in utero because of macroscopic and microscopic alterations of numerous cerebral structures. From a clinical view point, they show themselves by abnormalities of the neural canal, a decreasing of the crane perimeter, neonatal neurologic troubles due to deficiency in the first hours of life, followed during the second and third day by a table evoking a weaning syndrome. The evolution on a medium term is characterized by the persistence of the crane and skull dysmorphy modified by parents phenotype, a persistence of the growth lateness leading to dwarfism in the severe forms. In the moderate and medium form thinness and paleness are spectacular and malformations exist in 2/3 of the cases. The neurologic and behaving evolution is documented by some prospective studies. They tend to indicate the persistence for the severe forms of troubles concerning hyperactivity, lack of attention and decreasing of the crane perimeter as well as a main mental lateness in half of the cases. The study made in Roubaix shows that behaving and intellectual troubles are more pronounced when the dysmorphy is marked. The effects of alcohol lead to a syndrome of foetal alcoholism when the level of alcoholization is high which correspond to K. Sulik's experimental data in 1982. On the other hand, a relation dose-effect has not been yet demonstrated except for hypotrophy. This is the same for threshold-dose. There is no residual effects confirming that alcoholism and its intensity during pregnancy have a direct effect upon descendants. As a matter of fact after weaning and recovery children are again normal and normotroph. Pregnancy and especially delivery are privileged period for detection of maternal alcoholism and beginning of a prevention in a view to avoid. These effects during a later pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

[Epidemiological aspects of the foetal alcoholism syndrome. 45 cases (author's transl)].

During a prospective study conducted in Roubaix, 45 neonates presenting with the craniofacial malformation characteristic of the foetal alcohol syndrome were identified over a 3-year period. Twelve had signs of severe alcoholic embryo-foetopathy. This condition, which affects one in 700 neonates, occurs in multiparous women (mean age, 33 years) of low socio-economic status suffering from long standing, complicated alcoholism. Although the mean ethanol blood level may be as high as 1.82 g/l, this substance does not seem to be the only teratogenic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The heart diseases of children born to alcoholic mothers].

The authors present their experience of heart disease in children with congenital abnormalities of alcoholic origin, of which they have seen 50 cases in 3 years. This syndrome, which was first described by Lemoine in 1968, appears to be fairly common. It shows the teratogenic properties of alcohol. It is characterised by facial abnormalities which are easy to recognise, gross failure to gain in height and weight, psychomotor retardation of varying severity and several other malformations. From amongst these, cardiac malformations are the most commonly encountered. These are usually in the form of septal defects (atrial and ventricular septal defects).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗