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Biomedical subjects

P Deniker

Publications and source records attributed to P Deniker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Brain distribution and kinetics of 11C-chlorpromazine in schizophrenics: positron emission tomography studies.

The positron emitter 11C (20 minutes half-life) permits the labeling of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and the study of its distribution in humans by external counting. Trace amounts of 11C-CPZ were injected intravenously into 22 schizophrenic patients all untreated for several months with neuroleptics. The brain uptake was 6.04 +/- 1.6% of the injected dose 15 minutes after the injection, and it remained constant for 45 minutes. By positron emission tomography, the drug distribution was shown to be in the gray matter, and such structures as the cortex, caudate nucleus, thalamus and putamen could be identified. This new methodology will be helpful in studying specific receptors in humans in a noninvasive way.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Perspectives in chemotherapy of schizophrenic psychoses.

1. The treatment of schizophrenic symptoms has not the same efficacy in acute and chronic phases of the disease and on the various target symptoms of schizophrenia. 2. The ideal antipsychotic drug might have different properties, sometimes contradictory, to be effective both on paranoid and hebephrenic symptoms which seem to be a mirror image of the same disorder. 3. Basic perspectives in the chemotherapy of schizophrenic psychoses must be founded on better methodological considerations in clinical trials, on a better use of antipsychotic drugs with the help of pharmacokinetic data and computerized EEG and also on new neurochemical findings. 4. Recent data on the mode of action of neuroleptics open up new therapeutic classes of drugs. Such are GABA-like drugs and, more recently, beta-blockers.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Intra- and interhemispheric EEG differences quantified by spectral analysis. Comparative study of two groups of schizophrenics and a control group.

In this work we have studied comparatively the relationships between alpha intensity, alpha frequency, root-mean-square amplitude and their standard deviations, versus the location of the four recorded EEG channels: left and right rolando-parietal, left and right parieto-occipital. Twenty-four spectral parameters were computed for each 5-min EEG recording, in the eyes closed situation. The hebephrenic group (36 EEGs from six patients) presented higher values of alpha intensity and RMS amplitudes with low coefficient of variation when compared with the other groups. The left/right rolando-parietal amplitude ratio was 0.73 versus 1.52 for the parieto-occipital ratio. An amplitude hypovariability in the central regions, probably associated with hyperarousal, especially in the left hemisphere, can then be observed in hebephrenics, together with high alpha intensity on the left parieto-occipital area. The two groups of schizophrenics differ from the control group (27 EEGs from 12 subjects) in terms of spectral parameters, the hebephrenic group presenting a possible interhemispheric dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Loxapine succinate: a new neuroleptic].

Commercialized in the U.S.A. a few years ago, the loxapine succinate appears to be interesting among neuroleptic compounds. Used in 28 chronic schizophrenics, 19 of which were neuroleptic resistent patients, the parenteral route proved to be anti-psychotic and sedative in 26 patients. The usual daily dosages were between 100 and 200 mg. The local and general tolerances were good. The side effects were mild and essentially vegetative. The therapeutic efficiency seems to be better at the same dosages with the oral form than with the parenteral form.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Tardive dyskinesia induced by neuroleptics. A review of the literature].

Neuroleptics can induce not only early but also tardive extrapyramidal side effects. The former were described as early as in the beginning of the therapeutic era; the latter, known as tardive dyskinesia, are essentially made of bucco-linguomasticatory dyskinesia, sometimes accompanied by other extrapyramidal symptoms, among others choreo-athetoid movements of the limbs. This complication was most often reported in elderly people, when a long-lasting neuroleptic treatment is withdrawn; but it can also appear in young people and after a neuroleptic treatment of only a few weeks duration. The trouble occurs or is worsened when neuroleptics are withdrawn and is reduced when dosage is increased; it responds to the theoretical model of denervation supersensitivity. Symptoms may be reduced by blocking the dopaminergic receptor, or by reducing dopaminergic transmission, or, may be, by increasing cholinergic activity. Now, treatment is first and foremost prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Present nosology of the affective disorders (author's transl)].

The present nosology of the affective disorders seems accurate enough to enable valid definitions and classifications to be made, despite the differences between the countries and the methods of approach. Nevertheless, there has been much controversy regarding different clinical types, similar or opposite, and notably about whether the pathogenesis and etiology are single multiple. Consideration must be given not only to the clinical form presenting but also to the course (episodic, recurrent or chronic) and to the circadian variations. Moreover, it is absolutely essential to distinguish in the nosology, on the one hand, the clinical picture proper and, on the other hand, the aetiology or the psychic structure. Thus, a simple depression may be related to an endogenous process and a melancholic state may be reactive. The theoretical problems of classification may justify the use of multivariate analysis. However, it is doubtful whether sophisticated methods are absolutely necessary in clinical practice.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1979

[Value of pharmacokinetic data during the treatment of psychoses with haloperidol].

Pharmacokinetic data of psychotropic drugs should allow a better understanding of therapeutic results and side effects. The different factors influencing liberation, absorption, protein binding, distribution, metabolism and excretion are reviewed. Then, the principal pharmacokinetic data of haloperidol are exposed with a special emphasis on the lack of information about the correlations between plasma levels and clinical effects. The role of pharmacokinetic informations in the interpretation of responses to treatment is detailed, wishing that the monitoring of haloperidol plasma levels will be more developped in a next future.

Haloperidol↗
PubMed1978

[Alpha activity in a group of schizophrenics: spectral analysis and comparison with a control group (author's transl)].

Spectral analysis of tracings from four leads; C3-P3, P3-O1, C4-P4, and P4-O2, were used to compare the results of fiftyseven electroencephalograms from 10 schizophrenics, and 14 normal subjects used as controls. The results show that the mean frequencies of the alpha waves are identical in schizophrenics and controls. Patients with hebephrenia show the lowest variations in alpha wave frequency but with the highest voltage, whereas paranoid schizophrenics have tracings with the lowest amplitude and the greatest variation in frequency. There is also better left intrahemispheric correlation of relative alpha intensities in those patients with the lowest variation in right alpha intensity in relation to controls. The preliminary results suggest that there is a reduction in functional asymmetry of the hemispheres in the electroencephalograms from schizophrenics, when looking at the alpha activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Statistical spectral study of alpha rhythms: modifications due to the tardive action of a hypnotic (author's transl)].

In a simple blind study to evaluate electroencephalographic criteria objectively, and to continue characterization of psychotropic compounds, 5 mg of nitrazepam, a hypnotic derivative, was given to seven subjects the night before the recording. We noted that in most subjects there was a reduction in the spectral intensity of the alpha rhythm, associated with a greater frequency instability, several hours after the absorption of nitrazepam. This corresponds to the tardive hypnotic action of the psychotrope, the importance of which is wellknown at the present time. In the same way as the increase in rapid rhythms, the slipping of 0.5 c/s of the dominant alpha frequency to the top could be characteristic of the action of nitrazepam.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Thyroid autoantibody levels during lithium therapy.

The study of the levels of thyroid antibodies was conducted in 58 patients treated with lithium and in 40 subjects who received other psychotropic drugs and who were used as controls. The measure of the antithyroglobulin antibodies were made by passive hemagglutination and that of the antimicrosomal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. For the whole control group, the research of the antithyroglobulin antibodies was positive in 3 cases, i.e. 7.5%. For the 58 patients treated with lithium, this research was positive in 11 subjects, i.e. 19%: thus, lithium seems to cause immunological reactions in the thyroid. 5 lithium-treated patients developed a goiter. The antibody determination was positive in only 2 subjects and was negative in the others. The measure of antithyroid antibodies before lithium did not enable us to predict the emergence of thyroid complications. On the contrary, subjects treated with lithium presented signficantly high antibody levels without developing clinical thyroid manifestations.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1978

Impact of neuroleptic chemotherapies on schizophrenic psychoses.

The author reviews the impact of neuroleptic chemotherapy on various forms of schizophrenia in the 25 years since the introduction of chlorpromazine in psychiatry. The activities of the different types of compounds are related to the symptomatic and progressive forms of the psychosis, with an emphasis on the "dual structure" of the illness. Problems of drug efficacy, the need for new drug treatments, and methodological issues in research in these areas are discussed.

Chlorpromazine↗
PubMed1978

[The place of carpipramine among the psychotropic agents].

Our purpose is to find objective statistic tests for classification of all psychotropic drugs. First a multifactorial analysis determine six profiles of groups. Results objectively confirm Delay and Deniker's classification and point out intermediate position of carpipramine. A specific method tries to put Carpipramine in one of these groups i.e. discriminant analysis. By this method it is impossible to classify nineteen psychotropic drugs, Carpipramine being one of them. Its clinical properties cannot brin together Carpipramine and other psychotropic drugs.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed1977

[A new psychotropic drug: carpipramine, intermediate compound between 2 therapeutic classes].

An open clinical study was conducted with carpipramine in 100 hospitalized subjects presenting various mental disorders. The therapeutic results on symptoms were assessed both as a whole and with the help of a rating scale. Doses varied from 50 to 400 mg per day. Carpipramine seems to be particularly efficient on schizophrenias, 66 cases of which were tested. The best results were observed in hebephrenic forms and depressive syndroms during the illness; in these indications, carpipramine exerts a clear psychomotor stimulating activity which is useful in decreasing indifference, apathy and ideomotor slowness. Schizophrenias with paranoid delusions or depersonalization anxiety tend to be somehow aggravated. Carpipramine does not seem to be a true antidepressant despite its desinhibitory properties. The compound proves useful in deficits of the psychomotor tone such as those occuring in psychasthenia or the deficit syndrom which follows withdrawal from opiates. Clinical and biological tolerances seem to be excellent and extrapyramidal side effects are exceptional. Carpipramine may be considered as a strongly desinhibitory neuroleptic agent which bears some resemblance to antidepressants because of its psychoanaleptic effect. The authors raise the question of possible antipsychotic properties in higher doses in relation to pharmacological data and a bipolar, antipsychotic and predominantly desinhibitory, therapeutic action.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical effects of long-term lithium treatment on sleep, appetite and sexuality].

The authors try to determine the incidence of long-term lithium treatments on sleep, appetite and sexual behaviour. The study was conducted in fifty outpatients of both sexes who have been for at least six months on lithium only and whose mood disturbances are stabilized. In two thirds of the cases of this clinical study, lithium seems to have beneficient qualitative and quantitative effects on sleep as opposed to other psychotropic drugs which cause discomforting sleepiness. Lithium seems to influence appetite slightly although it is responsible for the gain in weight in a fourth of the treated outpatients. Half of the subjects consider that lithium modifies their sexuality towards a decrease of the desire without modifying their capacities of realization. In a comparison study conducted with the psychotropic drugs that had been administered before, the repercussions of lithium on sexuality appear thus opposite to those of psychotropic drugs, major tranquilizers and antidepressants which impair the capacities without reducing the desire. Despite the specific side effects on some instinctive functions, lithium seems to be a treatment well lived by the subjects.

Appetite↗