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P Deplazes

Publications and source records attributed to P Deplazes.

117 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnostic detection of Taenia saginata copro-antigens in humans.

An immunodiagnostic sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of soluble Taenia saginata antigens in stool samples (copro-antigens) of infected humans, using affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies obtained from rabbits hyperimmunized with excretory/secretory antigens derived from T. saginata maintained in vitro. Investigation of operating characteristics showed very low cross-reactivity with crude antigens from helminths other than Taenia, including Dipylidium caninum and Diphyllobothrium latum. The specificity of the assay was 95% when testing stool samples from 100 persons who were either infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms, Enterobius vermicularis or Hymenolepis nana, or who had no intestinal helminthosis detected. Analysis of diagnostic sensitivity demonstrated that in 85% of 34 samples from 23 untreated persons with intestinal T. saginata infection (selected by previous proglottid and/or egg detection) copro-antigens were detected by the T. saginata ELISA. In the same samples, Taenia eggs were detected in 62%. Only 41% of the samples reacted positively in a heterologous T. hydatigena ELISA. Post-treatment control revealed a high concentration of T. saginata copro-antigens for 1-4 d after administration of niclosamide or praziquantel, and negative values 9-17 d after treatment. The Taenia copro-antigens remained detectable by ELISA even after storage of untreated faeces at 25 degrees C for at least 5 d.

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PubMedDate not supplied

A field and laboratory evaluation of a commercial ELISA for the detection of Giardia coproantigens in humans and dogs.

A capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) was evaluated for its ability to detect Giardia coproantigens in the faeces of humans and dogs in the Perth metropolitan area and Aboriginal communities in Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia. Using zinc sulphate flotation and light microscopy, Giardia cysts and/or trophozoites were observed in 8 of 57 (14%) human stool samples from Perth and 21 of 55 (38%) stool samples from Fitzroy Crossing, after 2 separate examinations. Analysis of diagnostic sensitivity using the ELISA revealed that coproantigens were detected in all 29 human samples (100%) in which Giardia cysts and/or trophozoites were also present. Coproantigens were detected in one further sample from Perth and in 3 samples from Fitzroy Crossing in which no Giardia cyst or trophozoite was observed. The specificity of the test, as defined using Fitzroy Crossing samples free from Giardia, was 91%. The assay did not cross-react with Giardia-free stool samples containing Hymenolepis nana, Entamoeba coli, E. hartmanni, Chilomastix mesnili or Ancylostoma duodenale. Giardia cysts and/or trophozoites were also observed in 11 of 32 dog faecal samples (34%) in Perth and 11 of 29 dog samples (38%) in Fitzroy Crossing, after one zinc sulphate examination. The sensitivity of the ELISA for dogs was 64% and 55% for Perth and Fitzroy Crossing specimens respectively. The specificity was 95% when Fitzroy Crossing samples were used. Other parasites observed in Giardia-free faecal samples from dogs which did not produce a positive reaction with the kit were Ancylostoma caninum, Sarcocystis sp. and Isospora sp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Clinical, serologic, and parasitologic follow-up after long-term allopurinol therapy of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum.

Canine leishmaniasis usually is treated with antimony compounds, but frequent relapses, adverse effects, high costs, and development of resistance to long-term antimonial therapy emphasize the importance of searching for alternative antileishmanial drugs. Allopurinol was used at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day PO to treat 10 dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum for a period of 2-24 months. Nine dogs recovered within 2-6 months of chemotherapy, and no relapses were observed during the treatment of up to 20 months. However, 3 of 4 dogs relapsed after treatment was discontinued. These dogs again recovered clinically when therapy was resumed. Parasite-specific immunoglobulin concentrations (IgG2) were high in all dogs before therapy and remained high even in clinically cured dogs during or after therapy. On the other hand, specific IgG1 reactions, which have been shown to be detectable in symptomatic animals, persisted in 7 dogs for long periods after clinical recovery. Three of these dogs relapsed within 2-4 weeks after interrupting therapy. However, 1 dog with no detectable specific IgG1 reaction at the end of therapy did not relapse in the following 4 months. Parasites could be detected in 8 of 9 dogs after clinical improvement by in vitro cultivation or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of lymph node aspirates. In 4 of these dogs, parasites also were detected in blood samples by PCR. Hence, these clinically cured dogs must be regarded as reservoirs of Leishmania and allopurinol cannot be recommended in endemic areas.

Allopurinol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is high prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild and domestic animals associated with disease incidence in humans?

We investigated a focus of highly endemic Echinococcus multilocularis infection to assess persistence of high endemicity in rural rodents, explore potential for parasite transmission to domestic carnivores, and assess (serologically) putative exposure versus infection frequency in inhabitants of the region. From spring 1993 to spring 1998, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in rodents was 9% to 39% for Arvicola terrestris and 10% to 21% for Microtus arvalis. From June 1996 to October 1997, 6 (7%) of 86 feral dogs and 1 of 33 cats living close to the region tested positive for intestinal E. multilocularis infection. Testing included egg detection by coproscopy, antigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and specific parasite DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Thus, the presence of infected domestic carnivores can increase E. multilocularis exposure risk in humans. A seroepidemiologic survey of 2,943 blood donors in the area used specific Em2-ELISA. Comparative statistical analyses of seroprevalence and clinical incidence showed an increase in Em2-seroprevalence from 1986 and 1996-97 but no increase in clinical incidence of alveolar hydatid disease.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment of alveolar echinococcosis in a dog.

Surgical removal of macroscopically detectable metacestode tissue followed by postoperative chemotherapy according to established human protocols resulted in complete clinical remission and immediate normalization of hyperglobulinemia in a dog with alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The disease is caused by the metacestode stage of the cestode, Echinococcus multilocularis. In endemic areas, AE should be included in the differential diagnosis of polycystic liver masses, especially if concomitant hyperglobulinemia is present. However, the importance of AE is not only the disease of the single dog itself but also the potential risk of infection for humans in an endemic area.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy evaluation of epsiprantel (Cestex) against Echinococcus mutilocularis in dogs and cats].

Helminth-free dogs and cats were experimentally infected with protoscoleces of Echinococcus multilocularis and used in controlled trials for efficacy evaluation of the cestodicide epsiprantel. In two separate trials each 4 dogs were treated at day 20 post infection (p.i.) with average oral dosages of 5.1 (4.9-5.3) and 5.4 (5.2-5.8) mg/kg body weight (b.w.) epsiprantel, respectively, and necropsied at day 24 p.i. Among each 4 dogs of the two untreated control groups all animals were infected and had high intestinal worm burdens with averages of 33.575 and 100.725 E. multilocularis specimens per animal (individual worm burdens in group Ib 59,500-149,800, group IIb 20,500-43,200); in the two groups of treated dogs the average worm burdens were reduced by 99.6 and 99.9%. Among 8 treated dogs 4 were helminth-free, the other 4 had residual worm burdens (10-70 in 3 dogs, 1480 in 1 dog). In each 5 cats single oral treatments with average doses of 2.7 (2.7-2.8) and 5.5 (5.5-5.5) mg/kg b.w. epsiprantel were 100% effective against E. multilocularis 20 days p.i. and eliminated the worm burdens from all 10 animals. In the untreated group of 5 cats the average worm burden was 2864 per animal (individual worm burdens 20-6830). Side effects of the drug treatment were not observed. The results of the study show that in single therapeutic dosages recommended by the producer (dogs 5.5 mg, cats 2.75 mg/kg b.w.) epsiprantel eliminates E. multilocularis to over 99% or completely, but residual worm burdens may persist in some animals.

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