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Biomedical subjects

P Dewailly

Publications and source records attributed to P Dewailly.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Necrotizing angiitis after serous otitis. 2 cases].

Two cases of systemic necrotizing angeitis are reported because of their very unusual presenting symptom: serous otitis media responsible for bilateral deafness. After this "invasion phase", typical polyarteritis nodosa developed. Cardiac involvement, with auriculoventricular block, and cranial neuritis were observed in both cases. The few previously published identical cases are reviewed. Specific neurological and cardiac forms of P.A.N. are discussed. It is hypothesized that the cause of this immune complex-mediated disease is infectious.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in the fatty acid patterns of brain phospholipids during development of rats fed peanut or rapeseed oil, taking into account differences between milk and maternal food.

The nature and amount of essential fatty acids in dietary fat play a leading part in the repartition of brain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6). In order to determine precisely the respective roles of linolenic and linoleic acids in the diet on rat brain development, we used two diets in which the percentage of linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was different. The animals were fed peanut oil (group A) or rapeseed oil (group B) during pregnancy and throughout lactation. The study of the fatty acid composition of gastric milk showed that the levels of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and more so linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) were much lower than in dietary fats. In group B, the 18:3 n-3 level of gastric content was about four times lower (2.4%) than in the maternal diet (8.5%) at the beginning of the suckling period and significantly increased until weaning. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides showed that docosapentaenoic acid delta 7-10-13-16-19 (22:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid delta 4-7-10-13-16-19 (22:6 n-3) levels increased in group B in relation to group A and, on the other hand, the docosapentaenoic acid delta 4-7-10-13-16 (22:5 n-6) level decreased in group B. The sum of (n-3 + n-6) fatty acids did not change in either group B or group A. In our experimental conditions, we found no marked effect of diet composition upon conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. In summary, linolenic acid can be utilized in the brain (rather than linoleic acid) to provide long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the amount of n-3 fatty acids would correlate with the desaturation activity of docosatetraenoic acid delta 7-10-13-16 (22:4 n-6) to docosapentaenoic acid delta 4-7-10-13-16 (22:5 n-6).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Circulating anticoagulant, recurrent abortions and venous thrombosis: a new entity or a pre-lupus syndrome? 2 cases].

The authors report the presence of a circulating anticoagulant in two patients who had suffered multiple abortions. The circulating anticoagulant was discovered during evaluation of repeated phlebothromboses in the first case and of a chronic inflammatory syndrome in the second. While the apparently paradoxical relationship between the circulating anticoagulant and venous thrombosis is relatively well-known, that between the circulating anticoagulant and repetitive abortions is more difficult to establish. The rarely reported association of these three events leads us to a discussion of the nosologic place of this pathology and of the common ground it shares with S. L. E., as the circulating anticoagulant is of the antiprothrombinase variety, the antibody commonly called the lupus anticoagulant.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1981

[Circadian meal-related changes in serum lipoprotein levels in normal subjects (author's transl)].

Circadian variations in serum lipoprotein levels in relation to meals were investigated in 10 healthy subjects on a normal diet. Lunch and dinner produced a concomitant increase in triglycerides and the apo-B of very low density lipoproteins (d less than 1.006). The increase observed after dinner was of the same degree as after lunch but was more prolonged; this longer duration was unrelated to the nocturnal increase in free fatty acids. Apo-A1 levels also rose slightly after lunch and dinner, and so did HDL-cholesterol which, however, decreased during the night. These results suggest that in normal subjects the intravascular lipolytic activity is reduced during the night.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Apoproteins in dyslipoproteinemia (author's transl)].

Plasma lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) which are essentially hydrophobic components circulate as lipid-protein complexes. Lipoproteins are defined by their protein moiety (apoprotein) whose composition corresponds to their density class. Low density lipoproteins are characterized by apoprotein B; in contrast, apoproteins A are found in high density lipoproteins. Apoproteins, consisting of a single or several polypeptide chains, play an essential role not only as structural entities but also as functional units in relation to the enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism. It is therefore possible that apoproteins may occupy a major place in the physiopathology of dyslipoproteinemias. To date, their roles have been established in atherosclerosis and some hyperlipoproteinemias with hypertriglyceridemia. Future studies of apoproteins may give a better understanding of certain other poorly defined metabolic disorders. At present, some of the hyperlipoproteinemias have been characterized by variations of one or several apoprotein levels. Nevertheless, the interpretation of this data must be cautious in view of a number of unknown factors.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1981

[Congestive cardiomyopathy associated with a stiff spinal column. "Rigid spine syndrome"].

The "rigid spine syndrome" is a rare form of myopathy characterised by rigidity of the dorso-lumbar spine, hyperextension of the neck and muscular retraction limiting mobility, especially of the upper limbs with elbows fixed in semi-flexion. This condition, which was first described relatively recently, has been little studied: only 8 cases have been published to this day. We report the case of a 20 year old man with this syndrome, associated with a severe diffuse non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Electronic microscopy and histoenzymological studies were performed on the skeletal muscle. They confirmed myopathic changes, demonstrating a great variation in diameter of the fibres, but there was no evidence of a predominating histoenzymological form (type I muscular atrophy) as previously reported. Although there have been no other reports of cardiac involvement in the "rigid spine syndrome", a link between the two conditions would seem to be likely.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Plasma levels of VLDL- + LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apoproteins B and A-I in a healthy population--influence of several risk factors.

Plasma apo B and apo A-I were determined in 477 subjects (206 males and 271 females) by laser immuno-nephelometry. Measurements of VLDL- + LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were done simultaneously. VLDL- + LDL-cholesterol and apo B values were similar in males and females and increased with age. HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I values were higher in females but stable with age. Different regression curves (HDL-cholesterol vs apo A-I) were obtained in males and females and a negative correlation was found between HDL-cholesterol or apo A-I and triglycerides. Increased body weight was associated with higher values of VLDL- + LDL-cholesterol, apo B and triglycerides in both sexes but lower values of HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I essentially in males. Finally, the study provides evidence of a relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption on the one hand, and HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I on the other.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Relative concentration of VLDL C-apolipoproteins in the hyperlipoproteinaemia of haemodialysis-treated chronic renal failure (author's transl)].

The hypertriglyceridaemia of patients with haemodialysis-treated chronic renal insufficiency was characterized in respect of the apolipoproteins C of VLDL. Using Kane's method, particular attention was paid to the CII/CIII ratio of VLDL isolated by ultracentrifugation in eleven hemodialyzed patients with hypertriglyceridaemia. There was a significant decrease of this ratio compared to twenty three patients with essential hypertriglyceridaemia. A removal defect is suggested as fundamental to the pathogenesis of the hypertriglyceridaemia of renal failure since apoprotein CII acts as a specific activator of lipoprotein lipase.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Immunochemical determination of human apolipoprotein B by laser nephelometry.

The Hyland laser nephelometer PDQ system for the assay of apolipoprotein B (apo-B) in human serum is described. Within and between-batch precision, accuracy and reliability are discussed. This instrument represents an important development in the immunochemical assay of apo-B, and the speed, precision, and convenience of the methodology make such a system attractive. Quantitation of apo-B was assessed in normal and hyperlipaemic subjects. Comparisons were made with two other specific and sensitive immunological methods for quantifying apo-B: enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) and rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE). Results obtained by the three methods correlated very well.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1979

[Lipoprotein electrophoresis on acrylamide-agarose plates, with discontinuous acrylamide gradient].

We describe a modified lipoprotein electrophoresis on acrylamide gel. The lipoproteins, prestained with Sudan Black, are separated by running on acrylamide-agarose gels, with two different concentrations of acrylamide and a constant concentration of agarose. The sera are deposited in the first gel (2% acrylamide). Chylomicrons remain at origin and other lipoproteins run through the first gel to the second one (3% acrylamide gel). VLDL stays at the junction of both gels, LDL and HDL are separated in the 3% acrylamide gel. By this technique, we were able to detect an increase of Lp(a) and to identify the different types of hyperlipoproteinemia. After running, the plates can be treated for storage.

Electrophoresis, Agar Gel↗