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Biomedical subjects

P Dewailly

Publications and source records attributed to P Dewailly.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Detection of a new lipoprotein: Lp(a). Its occurrence in atherosclerosis with or without hyperlipemia].

Detected using a method involving gradient electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, the presence of a high level of an Lp(a) was demonstrated in 17% of control subjects and 39% oh hyperlipidaemic subjects explored. The difference appeared to be particularly significant in subjects with a pure hypercholesterolaemia (type IIA) or dominant hypercholesterolaemia (type IIB), which may be accounted for by the antigenic communities and related substances in the lipid composition uniting Lp(a) to LDL. The association of frank atherosclerosis with the hyperlipidaemia substantially increased the frequency of high levels of circulating Lp(a). A combined elevation of levels of Lp(a) and LDL would seem to be associated with a particular atherogenic power.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1976

[Analysis of lipoproteins using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fractionated precipitation with polyanions and detergents. Use in the classification of hyperlipoproteinemias].

Sodium dodecylsulphate precipitates very low density lipoproteins (VLDL and chylomicrons) rich in triglyceride and a narrow correlation (r = 0.9) was found between the turbidimetric index SDS and triglyceridemia. Heparin in calcium medium acts in the same way and precipitates also low density lipoproteins (LDL) rich in cholesterol. A correlation (r = 0.875) was drawn up between the cholesterol LDL and the difference between the turbidimetric indices (heparin Ca -- SDS). In the first case, we were thus measuring by turbidimetry a VLDL + chylomicron index and, in the second case, an LDL index which permits one to obtain simplified typing of the hyperlipoproteinemias. A nomogram linking the two indices of hyperlipoproteinemia type was drawn up experimentally. This orientation analysis may be completed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel used in concentration gradient and pH. In the system proposed, the lipoproteins were previously stained with tetrazolium nitroblue and clearly shown up. The chylomicrons in particular, become separated from the VLDL, the sinking pre-beta-lipoprotein or Lp (a) was identifiable and the type III hyperlipemia was easily diagnosed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of clofibrate on tissue lipase activity in rats].

Given for 20 days at a concentration of 0.3% in the diet, clofibrate lowers serum triglyceride level and causes a 48% increase of lipoprotein lipase activity in rat fat pad, after feeding. This increase does not appear in the animals on fasting. These results agree with an effect of clofibrate upon membranous adenyl-cyclase of adipose tissue.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1976

[Impact, on blood and tissue lipids, of an artificial lipid emulsion combined with essential amino acids and sorbitol, used in humans in exclusive parenteral feeding].

The effects of a complete parenteral feeding of long duration were studied in patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit for an affection requiring this type of alimentation or presenting a state of irreversible prolonged coma. We used the Trive 1000 (EGIC Laboratories) which is a soya oil emulsion combined with essential amino-acides and with Sorbitol. The caloric intake was completed by glucose-solutes mixed with the indispensable vitamins andoligo-elements. Repeated blood-balances, biopsies of the panniculus adiposus and takings of organs (whenever a death occured) were carried out. The after-effects of this type of alimentation were studied in the blood and in the tissues: 1 = On the level of the lipometabolism, the absence of significant modifications in the different categories of lipids and plasmatic lipoproteins shows the quality of the injected fat elimination. On the tissular level, the collecting of alimentary fats is studied from the point of the lipase - lipoprotein activity and the quantitative and qualitive variations of the main classes of lipids. 2 - On the level of the blood biological constants, certain irregularities were noticed, the meaning of which is being discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

[Studies of lipoprotein lipase activity and adipocyte characteristics in the human: effect of obesity and diabetes (author's transl)].

Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) and cellularity have been studied in controls, in diabetic or non-diabetic obese subjects and in insulin dependent diabetic patients. LPLA is increased in diabetic or non-diabetic obese subjects and in insulin dependent diabetic patients. LPLA is increased in diabetic or non-diabetic obese subjects (p less than 0.02) and decreased in insulin dependent diabetic patients (p less than 0.02). Adipocyte size is larger in obese subjects, whether diabetic or not (p less than 0.05). As defined by LPLA and cell size means, the different groups are related linearly. The implications of this relationship between LPLA and adipocyte size are considered.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

[Hemodynamic effects and effects on plasma renin activity of injectable acebutolol in arterial hypertension].

The purpose of the study was to determine the early haemodynamic effects of injectable acebutolol and to study in parallel the changes in plasma renin activity (P.R.A.) in 11 patients, most of whom were affected with labile arterial hypertension. The haemodynamic measurements and P.R.A. determinations were carried out before and 5 and 15 mn after very slow intravenous injection of 10 mg acebutolol. The results obtained under these conditions were as follows: 1) Decrease in cardiac index (I.C.). It was particularly significant after 5 mn, since the I.C. decreased from 4.43 to 3.75 1/mm (p less than .01). It was essentially due to a decrease in heart rate, that fell from 90.45 to 77 beats/mn (p less than .001), while stroke volume changed virtually not. 2) Decrease in blood pressure, more marked on systolic blood pressure (110 mm Hg after 15 mn as against 154 mm Hg before injection; p less than .001), associated with a decrease in left ventricular work (4.7 kgm/mn/m2 after 5 mn as against 6.2 kgm/mn/m2 before injection; p less than .001), without significant changes in total systemic arterial resistances. 3) Increase in diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (10.4 mm Hg after 5 mn against 8.09 mm Hg before injection; p less than .001), testifying to a slight left ventricular myocardial depression. 4) Decrease in supine P.R.A. level (0.72 nanogram/1/mn after 5 mn as against 1.15 nanogram/1/min before injection; p less than .01). A significant correlation was found between this decrease in P.R.A. and that in I.C., testifying to a close parallelism between the inhibition of cardiac beta-1 receptors and that of the receptors involved in renine secretion. 5) The tolerance of injectable acebutolol appeared to us to be excellent.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1975

Improved serum lipoprotein electrophoresis procedure in polyacrylamide gradient gel.

A method based based upon polyacrylamide gradient gel for the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins prestained with the diformazan of nitroblue tetrazolium is described and evaluated. It gives accurate characterization of the different lipoproteins, good separation between chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins and can be also applied to the diagnosis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia without need for ultracentrifugation.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1975

[Automation of fluorometric enzymatic determination of free and total cholesterol. Application to the determination of the esterification rate].

A fluorimetric, authomatical method for determination of free and total cholesterol in serum is described. Cholesterol esters are splitted into free cholesterol and fatty acids by cholesterol esterase. In the presence of oxygen free cholesterol will be transformed by cholesterol oxydase in delta 4 cholestenone with formation of hydrogen peroxyde. Hydrogen peroxyde oxidizes in the presence of catalase inethanol to formaldehyde which gives with ammonium ions and acetylacetone 3-5 diacetyl 1-4 dihydrolutidine measured by fluorimetry. Withour cholesterol esterase, the reaction allows a measurement of free cholesterol in plasma. So the ratio of ester to total cholesterol is determined by the two steps. Accuracy and precision are very good. Results are well correlated with those obtained with reference methods.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolic study of 3 lipid emulsions used parenteral feedings. I. Exploration in vivo in the minipig].

The metabolism of three fat emulsions (Lipiphysan, Trive 1000, Intralipid) was compared when administered by intravenous route as complete parenteral nutrition in minipigs during 14 days. With Lipiphysan, an important accumulation of glycerides appeared in liver, spleen and lung whereas the phospholipids content of those tissues was unchanged. The three fat emulsions determined an increase of linoleic acid (18:2) percentages in glycerides and phospholipids of several tissues: liver, heart, lung, spleen and kidney. Moreover, at the level of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE) in liver tissue, the three fat emulsions induced a decrease of some polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20 and C22) percentages. The observed differences in the amount of liver triglycerides between the three fat emulsions seem to be related with the removal mechanisms which appear to be dependent on each fat emulsion. In fact, all tissue lipid analyses showed an increase of 18:2 percentages which agree with an uptake of the different fat emulsions used. The decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids percentages in PE might be due to an inhibition of elongationdesaturation system or a degradation of those fatty acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolic study of 3 fat emulsions for intravenous nutrition. II. Study by isolated rat liver perfusion].

With a model of isolated rat liver perfusion, the authors study the removal kinetic of three different fat emulsions. In experiments done with Lipiphysan, triglyceride uptake by liver is linear with a rate of 30 mg/h until the 60th minute; after blockade of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), triglyceride uptake is greatly reduced. In standard experiments done with Intralipid and Trive 1000, triglyceride content of the perfusate does not vary significantly; however, the study of free fatty acids removal done before and after liberation of hepatic triglyceride lipase by heparin seems to show that Intralipid triglycerides are slightly hydrolyzed by hepatic triglyceride lipase. The particles of Lipiphysan might be capted directly by RES cells (fast removal), whereas Intralipid might be slightly hydrolyzed (slow removal); Trive 1000 removal appears to be slow and similar to Intralipid. Those results give some explanations on data obtained in vivo in minipigs and agree with a better use of Intralipid and Trive 1000 triglycerides by extrahepatic sites.

Animals↗