PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Dilov

Publications and source records attributed to P Dilov.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Preclinical studies of Pharmachem's teravit].

Studied was the preparation Teravit Pharmachim in terms of its physical and chemical properties, antimicrobial activity, resorption, retention, and distribution, within the body of chickens and albino rats. It was found that Teravit Pharmachim was strongly sensitive to light, slightly hygroscopic, and relatively heat resistant. It showed good antimicrobial activity with regard to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. At 60-day feed application to albino rats at the rates of 30 and 300 mg/kg it stimulate the growth of test animals, and at the rate of 1500 mg/kg it delayed their development but did not produce negative effects on the red and white blood picture. Teravit Pharmachim was shown to bind the proteins of the body liquids and tissues, which depended on the biologic substrate and the antibiotic concentration. At the single oral application (chickens) or the administration with feed in the course of 60 days (albino rats) Teravit Pharmachim was resorbed depending on the dose, was retained in the blood, and was further followed up in the internal organs. It was eliminated from the body for about 3 to 5 days, did not cumulate in the ovarian follicles, and was not excreted with the eggs.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

[Toxicity of sodium monensin for pigs].

Studied were the acute and subchronic toxicity of monensin-Na in pigs. The investigations were carried out with elancoban-100, containing 10 per cent monensin-Na. A total of 46 pigs were used, weighing 15 to 60 kg. The preparation was applied individually via the nose or with the feed. It was found that nasally at 5 mg/kg the preparation did not lead to intoxication; rates of 10 and 20 mg/kg proved toxic, and a dose of 30 mg/kg was lethal. Feed containing 300 ppm of monensin-Na given but once led to intoxication and death with part of the animals. Pig tolerated well continuous (33 days) intake of feed that contained the sodium salt of monensin in concentrations of 120 and 240 ppm - no changes in the general status and behaviour were observed, nor were there any deviations in the morphologic and biochemical composition of the blood. It was demonstrated that the low amounts of monensin stimulated the weight gain of pigs. On the other hand, the clinical picture of the intoxication consisted in going off feed, higher pulse and respiration rates, involvement of the nervous system (depression of the nociceptive, eye closure, and ear reflexes, paresis of the hind limbs, and in severe cases - of the forelimbs too), hematuria in most of the animals, higher SGPT activity, and delayed ESR. Morphologically, there were vascular and slightly manifested degenerative changes in the parenchymal organs, red to brown urine in the bladder, strongly enlarged gallbladder, and catarrhal and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Histologically, there was granular and fatty degeneration of the kidneys, liver, and heart, hyperemia, perivascular and pericellular edema and degenerative changes in the glial cells of the berebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

[Incidence of anemia in newborn calves].

The indices of the red and white blood picture were studied in a total of 788 calves, aged up to 30 days, 541 out of which were born in the winter-spring months, and 253 of which were born on the same farms in the summer-autumn months, originating from 17 dairy farms of 6 regions of the country. It was found that the calves born on industrial cattle-breeding farms were comparatively often affected with anemia, showing lower hemoglobin level, hematocrit values, and erythrocyte count along with hypoferremia. More widely occurring was the anemia in calves during the winter-spring period as well as in twin calves and calves of cows that gave birth for the first time. Simmenthals and Simmenthal crosses were shown to suffer more often from anemia than the calves of the Bulgarian Brown and Black-and-white breeds and their crosses. There were no sexual differences with regard to the hematologic indices. The percent of day-old diseased calves was comparatively high.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[Pharmaceutical studies of intramammary formulations prepared with Pharmachem rifampicin].

Investigations were carried out on the medicines mastiriphin--intramammary syringes, (Mf) in two variants "A" and "B", meant for the treatment of acute mastitis with cows and also mastiriphin depot--intramammary syringes (Mf-depot), as well as two variants with indications for subclinical mastitis cows, containing both medicines in 10 g with 80,000 VI rifampicin, SEC "Pharmachem". Experiments were carried out for determining the stability of the medicines at different pH. The investigations were carried out with 23 lactating and 22 non-lactating cows. Both the degree of retention and the velocity of elimination of rifampicin from the milk and the lactic secretion. It was proved in vitro that rifampicin is stable in a neutral milk milieu (pH 7) in the course of 24 hours, and while in acid or alkaline milieu it was quickly eliminated Mf "A" in the case of intramammary introduction created high bacteriostatic (therapeutic) concentrations in the milk of the lactating animals till the sixth (eighth hour, whereas Mf "B" and the imported analogue rifamasten, provided twice as high levels of antibiotic. Mf-depot "B" introduced in a intramammary way with non-lactating cows was retained in the lactic secretion between 15 and 20 days. The quarantine time limits for using the milk taken from cows, treated in an intramammary way, proved to be 72 hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Toxicological studies of Bulgarian activated bentonite].

We studied the endurance of calves, lambs and pigs as well as the acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity for chickens with regard to bentonite of local origin, extra activated in a physico-chemical way. It was proved that the medicine was rather endurable with calves, lambs and pigs without causing intoxication or death after a single internal introduction in doses respectively 4138, 4130 and 1860 mg/kg t. LD0 of the activated bentonite for the chickens in the case of intra-crop application was over 18000 mg/kg t. During a 33-day extra addition to the fodder of chickens in quantities of 2 and 6% and during a 90-day introduction into concentrations 1, 3 and 5% the activated bentonite and not provoke any changes in the behaviour, overall state and in the clinical biochemical and electrolytic composition (Ca, P, K, Na) of the blood, but it caused suppression of growth ranging from 6 to 27% and brought about a higher expenditure of food for a single growth unit ranging from 4.7 to 12.1%. This was also observed when it was added to the morning ration of pigs in doses 1 and 5% (6 and 30 d/pig) without any influence over the health state of the pigs, but it slowed down growth ranging from 17.2 to 21.3% and a lower utilization of the fodder taken by 19 to 26%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

[Acute and subchronic monensin toxicity for lambs].

The acute and subchronic toxicity of monenzine (preparation Elancoban -- 100 of Elanco Co., USA) to male lambs for fattening aged 3-4 months and weighing 16-28.5 kg was studied. It was established that the single per oral dose of 5 mg/kg weight of the natrium monoenzine salt causes a temporary lack of appetitie but no changes in the behavior and the general state of the animals. The use of a 10 and 30 mg/kg weight dose of the preparation led to death of the lambs on the 72nd-120th hour. The toxicity was clinically manifested by anurexia, arumination, ataxia, paresis, and paralysis of the limbs, tachicardia, taxipnea, hypothermia and showed down and weakened rumen movements. Erosive rumitis and abomasis, catharrhalhemorrhagis duodenitis, hemorrhages on the epicardis, hyperremia and parenchymal organ oedema, 3-4 times increased gall-bladder with numerous nodes having a sunken center on its walls were observed pathologo-anatomically, while microscopically blood vessel disturbances (hyperremia, hemorrhages and oedema) of the lungs, heart, spleen, endocrinal glands (thyroid, adrenal and hypophysis), the brain, and the leptomeninges, liver distrophy, distrophic nephrosis and necrotic holecystitis were obvious. Following a long term (30 days) application to the fodder in 10 and 50 g/t doses, monenzine-natrium does not have a negative effect on the behaviour, general condition, clinical and biochemical blood composition and the structural build up of the inner organs, but in the first 5-10 days of the treatment it causes loss of appetite. Additional specific investigations are needed to elucidate the effect of the preparation on body gain.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Use of new Bulgarian hydrosol vitamin preparations in veterinary medicine].

Studied were the new Bulgarian hydrosol preparations Hydro-AD3EC, Hydro-AD3EK, and Hydro-EC. Their tolerance was investigated with the use of albino Wistar rats, the resorption and retention (by their liver content) of retinol and d, 1-alfa-tocopherol was investigated in young broiler chickens, the resorption of ascorbic acid was followed up in White English layers, the antihemorrhagic effect of Hydro-AD3EK was studied in rats with experimentally induced hemorrhagic diathesis offering 30 mg ethyl biscoumacetate (pellentan tablets) with the feed. It was found that the oral application of the first three hydrosol preparations to albino rats at the rate of 12.5 cm3/body weight (equal to 10-15 effective doses for birds) did not produce toxic effects. The retinol and d, 1-alfa-tocopherol constituents of AD3EC and AD3EK, given with the drinking water to birds, were well resorbed and were deposited in the liver. Fuller resorption was observed with the use of AD3EC. The ascorbic acid of AD3EC and AD3EK when these were offered per os to adult chickens was resorbed quickly, which was better expressed with AD3EC. AD3EK in oral application to rats produced antihemorrhagic effects. The use of these preparations in a prophylactic scheme with young broilers shortened the fattening period and improved the feed conversion.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

[Antimicrobial and antispirochetal activity of Pharmachem's tylosin].

Studies are the following preparations, produced by "PHARMACHIM": tylosine-base (Tylosine-50), tylosine tartarate (Tylosine pulvis) and tylosine phosphate (substance and granules) and their analogues: tylosine-base (Tylan-50), tylosine tartarate (Tylan soluble) and tylosine phosphate (Tylan AF 99), produced by the "Elanco" Company. The biological activity of the preparation was determined by means of the microbiological method of diffusion in agar. In the case of all experimental treatments, the preparations were compared in conformity with their biological activity expressed in IU/mg of the preparations. The minimum inhibition concentrations of the preparations were determined by the method of serial dilutions in liquid nutritive media on 19 different pathogenic strains. The antispirochetal activity of the preparations compared was tested on 130 cockerels and pullets, experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina of the Surnevo and Pamoukchii serotypes. The application of the preparations started simultaneously with the infection or 24 and 48 hrs after it and continued for days. No significant differences are found in the antibacterial and antispirochetal activities of the Bulgarian tylosine preparations and those manufactured by the "Elanko" Company. The tylosine base does not differ significantly in its antimicrobial and antispirochetal activities from the tylosine phosphate and the tylosine tartarate when equal in IU concentrations and doses are applied.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Gentamycin binding with blood proteins].

An 'in vitro' microbiologic method was employed to follow up the activity of gentamycin diluted in bovine and swine sera and bound to proteins isolated from them, in the course of continuous storing. It was found that the protein solutions of gentamycin retain their activity for one year under refrigerator conditions (4 degrees C), whereas with the freeze-drying of these solutions storage could be effected at room temperature. It was established through the method of balanced dialysis that gentamycin binds with the proteins of swine sera, and to a largest extent with native serum (30 per cent) and to a lower one--with globulins (15--16.2 per cent). The protein complexes of gentamycin proved entirely reversible and the process of binding was shown to have no influence on the minimal bacteriostatic concentration of the antibiotic with regard to Bacillus mycoides HB2.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[A comparative study of the anti-anemic effect of new Bulgarian iron-dextran complexes with miofer-100 and ferroglucin-75 in rats and swine].

It was found that the A-100 preparation (obtained from oxidized dextrane) produces highest antianaemic effects. It is to be used advantageously in cases of pigs born with negligible supplies of irod. Studied were the possibilities of inducing iron deficiency anemia in young rats through feeding with cow milk and macaroni having no eggs. The reticulocyte count rise and the drop in the haemoglobin level in the blood were shown to demonstrate most clearly the iron deficiency anaemia in albino rats. The anemia induced is said to be instrumental in the study of ferrodextrane preparations.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1975

[Histochemical tracing of the iron in the body of piglets injected with an iron-dextran preparation].

A comparative study was carried out with thirteen pigs, aged 1 to 3 days, to follow up the resorption and distribution of the Bulgarian iron-dextran preparations Ferdex-100, Dextrofer-75, A-100, and Miofer-100 in the body. Histochemically, an activation of the reticulo-endothelial system was established. Most macrophages that had phagocytised iron were established in the regional lymph nodes, followed by the liver, kidneys, marrow, while in the spleen their count was negligible. Using the histochemical reaction for the demonstration of iron in the viscera it was established that the A-100 preparation was best utilized by the organism. It was concluded that by the amounts of iron found in some organs it even exceeded Miofer-100.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of intramuscular and oral use of antianemic iron preparations in suckling pigs].

Comparative studies were carried out on the effect of the application of a ferrodextran preparation (A-100), muscularly, and the oral administration of urzoferruvit and taferon-tablets to pigs. The result was read by the changes in the body weight, the hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and reticulocytes. It was established that the muscular application of A-100 at the rate of 0.1 Fe3+/kg prevents ferrodeficiency anaemia and affects favourably the growth of pigs. The oral application of the other two preparations at 0.4 Fe3+ and 1.28 Fe2+ (bis in die) does not prevent anaemia in all treated pigs, and they are inferior to the ferrodextran preparation in terms of utilization and effect on the growth of the animals.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Resorption, deposition and assimilation in rabbits and piglets of new Bulgarian iron-dextran complexes as compared to Myofer-100 and Ferroglukin-75].

Followed up was the resorption (in rabbits) and the deposition and utilization (in pigs) of two new Bulgarian ferrodextran complexes (A-100 and B-75) compared with Myofer-100 and Ferroglukin-75. According to their resorption as determined by the sideremia and the coloration of tissues at the side of injection, the ferrodextran preparations are divided into fast-resorbing and slow-resorbing. The preparations A-100 and Myofer-100 are resorbed 8--10 times faster than the preparations B-75 and feroglukin-75. Greatest portions of iron are distributed per gram of tissue in the regional lymph nodes, followed by the liver and spleen. Upon applying the preparations at sites of the hind part of the body the lymph nodes of the front part of the body assume more intensely the colour of the fastresorbing preparations. This may be used as a test indicating the character of resorption. No direct correlation was established between the rate of resorption and the stimulation of the growth in pigs. It has been found that the optimal dose of the preparations A-100 and Myofer-100 for pigs is 160 mg Fe3+, while of the preparations B-75 and Ferroglukin-75 it is higher. It was found that in terms of resorption, coloration of tissues, distribution in the organisms, and utilization per cent the preparation A-100 is more advantageous than B-75, is equal to Myofer-100, is resorbed better, and colours to a slighter extent the tissues than Ferroglukin-75.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental study of a combination preparation of a ferrodextran complex, gamma-globulin, trace elements and vitamins].

A combined preparation was produced, containing the Bulgarian ferrodextran complex, edema-disease gamma-globulin, microelements (Co, Mn, Cu), and vitamins (B1, B6, PP), pro uso veterinario. It was found that the product (B-50), kept under ordinary conditions in the course of one year, does not change its physicochemical properties and is not distinguished substantially by toxicity (Fe3+/kg liveweight) from the initial ferrodextran complex, but is resorbed more slowly following its muscular application to rabbits. B50 combines the properties of the fast-resorbing ferrodextran preparations giving slight local coloration with those of preparations having antianemic, growth-stimulating, and resistance enhancing effects.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗