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Biomedical subjects

P Dorow

Publications and source records attributed to P Dorow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Bradykinin and other inflammatory mediators in BAL-fluid from patients with active pulmonary inflammation.

We evaluated the levels of bradykinin, albumin, TAME-esterase activity, histamine, PGD2 and LTC4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics and from patients with pneumonia, sarcoidosis, fibrosis, and chronic bronchitis. Compared with the results of healthy volunteers and atopic asymptomatic asthmatics the bradykinin levels and TAME-esterase activity were significantly elevated. In all other groups, histamine was additionally elevated in asymptomatic asthmatics, whereas albumin was elevated in symptomatic asthmatics and fibrosis patients, and decreased in chronic bronchitis and pneumonia patients. Following local intrabronchial allergen challenge of mild grass pollen asthmatics out of season bradykinin levels increased significantly, correlated with albumin, histamine and TAME-esterase activity. In contrast to the increased mediator concentrations in the early phase reaction there was no change of BAL cells in asthmatics compared to baseline and healthy volunteers. The presence of bradykinin in the bronchoalveolar space of patients with active pulmonary inflammations and bradykinin generation in asthmatics as a result of intrabronchial allergen challenge provides strong evidence that kinins are involved in inflammatory disorders of the lower airways.

Asthma↗
PubMed1992

[Pleural diseases in magnetic resonance tomography (MRT)].

MR images of 48 patients with histologically confirmed benign and malignant diseases of the pleura were retrospectively compared with CT and bioptically/surgically obtained findings. In 47/48 patients pathological changes of the pleura were visualized by increased signal intensities on T2-weighted and contrast enhanced T1-weighted MR images. This lead to a slightly improved sensitivity compared to CT, where pathological pleura findings were confirmed in 45/48 patients. MRI was able to identify 24/28 confirmed pleural effusions, whereas CT was successful in 26/28 patients. In two cases effusions not identified on CT were visible on T2-weighted MRI. 4 pleural effusions were missed with MRI.. On CT images differentiation of pleural changes vs effusions or adjacent lesions of lung parenchyma was successful in 20/28 and in 17/23 cases, respectively. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted images achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy with 22/28 and 20/23 cases, respectively. Signal intensities on MRI were unsuitable as sole criterion for the differentiation of benign and malignant diseases of the pleura. Contour and pattern of spreading of pleural changes were helpful in differential diagnosis. Nodular changes, thickening of more than 10 mm and mediastinal, circumferential and entire hemithoracic affection of the pleura were suggestive for malignant pleural disease. Infiltration of the diaphragm and the chest wall were most indicative for malignancy; here MRI (2/2 resp. 18/19 cases) was superior to CT (0/2 resp. 14/19 cases). CT was superior in the detection of pleural calcifications and osseous destruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Oxygen saturation and sleep structure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy].

It is known that patients suffering from severe cardiomyopathy may develop cyclic changes in breathing (Cheyne-Stokes-breathing) (2, 3). Coughing and dyspnea may be linked to periodic breathing. Specific detailed polysomnographic studies of sleep architecture and oxygen saturation have not been published. Eight patients suffering from dilatative cardiomyopathy (NYHA III-IV) were studied by pulse oximetry and polysomnography. Six of eight patients had severe breathing irregularities. These disturbances became manifest partially as Cheyne-Stokes breathing, partially as central sleep apnea. During these periods, oxygen saturation dropped as far as to 65 per cent of the original level.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Therapy of sleep apnea with theophylline (Uniphylline) administration every evening].

Sleep apnoea (SA) has a prevalence of 1-10% in men. The physiological sleep is disturbed. SA is associated with cardiopulmonary disease (systemic arterial hypertension, cardiac arrhythmics, cor pulmonale) and the quality of the patient's life is reduced. Thirty male patients participated in a study to investigate the influence of an oral dose of theophylline on sleep apnoea. Under theophylline a significant reduction of apnoea events and of the apnoea index was seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Long-term follow-up of sleep apnea therapy with sustained-release theophylline administered every evening].

Sleep apnoea increases mortality and morbidity. The physiological sleep profile is disturbed and functional capacity is decreased. At present nasal CPAP breathing (continuous positive airway pressure) seems to be the best treatment method in obstructive sleep apnoea. However, this therapy is expensive, imposing a strain on the patient, and hence some patients will not tolerate it. Medical treatment of sleep apnoea with theophylline has proved effective. In 40 patients suffering from sleep apnoea, long-term treatment with sustained-release theophylline was investigated. Responders show a significant reduction of apnoeic phases and of apnoea index at the beginning and after long-term treatment. Using an individual theophylline dosage with morning theophylline concentration between 5 and 8 micrograms/ml, only few side-effects occurred. Positive effects on cardiopulmonary capacity could be detected. The Broca index does not change significantly. Sustained-release theophylline applied in the evening showed a positive effect on sleep apnoea in responders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Hemodynamic changes with and without CPAP-ventilation in patients with sleep apnea].

In 21 patients suffering from severe sleep-apnoea syndrome we measured continuously haemodynamic parameters, blood gases, ECG, EEG, respiratory rate and ultrasonic cardiogram before and under treatment with nasal CPAP-breathing. All patients (male, age 29 to 58 yrs) had normal blood gases, heart-minute-volumes pulmonary artery pressures and left ventricular end-diastolic wedge pressures, when they were awake. During sleep all developed a decrease of pO2 and severe pulmonary artery hypertension with mean pulmonary artery pressures of 64 mmHg. In 10 patients an enlargement of the right ventricular diameter up to 13 mm difference could be seen. Treatment with nasal CPAP-breathing could reduce or even prevent changes in blood gases and in the haemodynamic system. The pulmonary artery pressures normalised in all patients. No right ventricular enlargement could be seen during nasal CPAP-breathing. Treatment with CPAP-breathing could normalise haemodynamic disorders in patients with severe SAS and may perhaps prevent development of cor pulmonale.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Mucolytics: when dispensable, when necessary?

Many patients with chest disease have difficulty in clearing their chests of sputum. A variety of substances have been used in an attempt to help them. Mucolytic drugs can alter the rheological properties of mucus by acting directly on the secretions or by modifying the metabolic activity of the mucus secreting cells. Many physicians and patients are certain to reap a benefit. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of mucolytic therapy.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1979

[Long-term study on a new beta2-sympathicomimetic agent and a combination of an oral theophylline-ethylenediamine with retard effect and hexoprenaline (author's transl)].

The effects of a treatment with a new beta2-adrenergic agent (hexoprenaline, Etoscol) as well as a combined therapy of theophylline (Euphylin retard) with the Etoscol on the total resistance were studied on two groups of patients. The therapy resulted in a significant decrease of the total resistance and the combined therapy showed an additional decrease of the resistance values.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Preoperative ventilatory function tests as an aid in assessment of operative risk of prosthetic heart valve replacement (author's transl)].

The operative risk of prosthetic replacement of the mitral valve in 97 patients and of the aortic valve in 126 patients showed a good correlation with the decrease in preoperative pulmonary function (p less than 0,01). The overall mortality rate reached 12,4% respectively 13,4% during the first 28 days after surgery. Depending upon the stage of ventilatory impairment the mortality rate varied between 0 to 50% in the mitral group and between 6,5 to 50% in the aorti group. The impairment of respiratory function is caused by the disturbed hemodynamic function demonstrated by a negative correlation between pulmonary artery pressure and vital capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of an oral aminophylline compound with protracted activity on respiratory resistance and blood gases in obstructive respiratory diseases (author's transl)].

The effect of theophylline ethylenediamine oblong tablets (Euphyllin retard) was tested in 40 patients by means of a double-blind trial, applying a dose of 2 X 350 mg/d and 2 X 700 mg/d. At the dose of 2 X 700 mg/d Euphyllin retard showed a good bronchodilatory effect. A reduction of the obstruction in the airways and an improvement of the arterial blood gases was statistically secured. At the dose of 2 X 350 mg/d a sufficient bronchodilation could not be recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Ventilation measurings before, during and after treatment of tracheal stenosis due to long term intubation (author's transl)].

17 patients with post-intubation stenosis of the trachea were studied. By the extrathoracic stenosis the relative forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1,0) and in and expiratory flow were decreased, total airway resistance (Rt) was increased. After implantation of an endoprothesis the obstruction was significantly lowered (p less than 0,05). After removal of the tracheal endoprothesis further improvement occurred as was demonstrated by an increase in FEV1,0 an flow and by a decrease in Rt.

Adolescent↗