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Biomedical subjects

P E Howard

Publications and source records attributed to P E Howard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

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Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence and morphologic features of apical deltas in the canine teeth of dogs.

Prevalence and morphologic features of the apical delta in the canine teeth of dogs were determined to assist clinicians in the endodontic treatment of these teeth. Eighty-two canine teeth from mixed-breed dogs were cleared and dyed to outline root canal ramifications. Apical deltas were classified according to location in the dental arch, number of ramifications, and vertical extent of these ramifications from the apical terminus. A classification system was devised to aid in identification and treatment of the delta. Recommendations were made regarding indications for conventional and/or surgical endodontic therapy depending on the type of delta encountered. Apical deltas were detected in 69.5% of the canine teeth studied. Surgical endodontic intervention should be seriously considered when the delta is found to extend a distance > 1 mm from the apical terminus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Principles of dental extraction.

Despite major advances in the practice of veterinary dentistry during the past decade, extractions are still the most commonly performed dental procedures. A sound understanding of tooth root morphological and anatomic features is important to proper extraction. Tooth extraction techniques using sound surgical principles will permit efficient procedures, minimize trauma and discomfort to the animal patient, and encourage rapid healing. The keys to success are controlled forces and patience during the extraction process.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus from domestic cats 1980 to 1989.

Isolation rates of feline herpesvirus (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) from oropharyngeal swabs, taken from 6866 cats in 1980 to 1989 were studied retrospectively. FCV was isolated from 1364 (19.9 per cent) and FHV from 285 (4.2 per cent). The ratio of FCV:FHV isolations varied from 1.3:1 to 15:1 in individual years with an overall ratio of 4.8:1. Isolation of both viruses was fairly uniform for each year and there was no breed or sex disposition to either virus. Of 872 cats shedding FCV and 213 cats shedding FHV, of known age, 447 (51.3 per cent) with FCV and 140 (65.7 per cent) with FHV were under one year old, compared to only 35.3 per cent of the whole population sampled. For the years 1985 to 1989, more information was obtained about the cases. Of 4626 cats tested, 1180 (25.5 per cent) had acute upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) of which 348 (29.5 per cent) were shedding FCV and 162 (13.7 per cent) FHV. A further 597 had chronic URTD and of these, 102 (17.1 per cent) were shedding FCV and 18 (3 per cent) FHV. In 120 cases of suspected vaccine reaction/breakdown, FCV was isolated from 34 (28.3 per cent) and FHV from only two (1.7 per cent). FHV was not isolated from any of 412 cases presenting with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis alone; 181 (43.9 per cent) were shedding FCV and when cats with other signs in addition to chronic gingivitis were included, this proportion increased to 70.4 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Principles of intramedullary pin and wire fixation.

Knowledge and experience in the proper use of IM pins, K-wires, and orthopedic wire is a valuable asset to the veterinarian's ability to successfully repair a variety of long bone fractures. Most long bone fractures are amenable to repair with this form of fixation. When the principles of application are violated or the implants are used when contraindicated, complications often occur. Proper use of these implants results in the successful management of complex fractures to the satisfaction of both the animal owner and the veterinarian (Fig 10).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Therapy for osteosarcoma in dogs with intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide.

Canine osteosarcoma is a spontaneous malignancy in dogs, characterized by micrometastasis to pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues at the time of diagnosis. Standard treatment involves amputation of the affected leg, but median survival time is 3-4 months with death due to metastasis. A randomized double-blind trial was conducted to evaluate liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (liposome/MTP-PE) as a treatment for metastasis in dogs undergoing amputation for osteosarcoma. Fourteen dogs were treated with liposome/MTP-PE, and 13 were treated with empty liposomes. Median survival time was 222 days for dogs treated with liposome/MTP-PE, compared to 77 days for dogs treated with empty liposomes (P less than .002). In the liposome/MTP-PE-treated group there were still four dogs alive and free of metastasis at greater than 1 year post surgery. Treatment was well tolerated; no significant toxic effects were noted except for mild elevations in body temperature (1-2 degrees C) for 2-6 hours post injection.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1989

Normal blood supply to the canine mandible and mandibular teeth.

The normal blood supply to the canine mandible and mandibular teeth was determined by microangiography and correlated histology. Branches of the inferior alveolar artery supplied the cortical bone of the mandibular body. Vessels from the periosteal and endosteal surfaces supplied symphyseal cortical bone. Direct vascular anastomoses were not found to cross the fibrous mandibular symphysis. Blood supply to the mandibular teeth was via dental arteries derived from the inferior alveolar artery, with interdental and interradicular arteries supplying the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Effects of gelatin sponge implantation in cancellous bone defects in dogs.

Reports from oral surgeons suggested that packing bone defects with cellulose or collagen stimulated cancellous bone replacement. The study reported here was designed to evaluate a similar method for augmenting the remodeling of cancellous bone defects and graft donor sites. Gelatin sponge was implanted into bony defects created in the proximal humeral metaphysis of 5 adult Beagles after collection of cancellous bone. A similar defect created in the contralateral humerus was left unpacked. Four months after creation of the defect, the dogs were euthanatized, and the surgical sites were evaluated by use of correlated microradiographic and histologic examination. Unpacked sites had filled completely with loosely woven trabecular bone. Remodeling had not taken place in sites packed with gelatin sponge. Gelatin sponge did not elicit any reaction in the surrounding bone, but remained in situ and obstructed new bone formation. Gelatin sponge blocked rather than augmented cancellous bone replacement.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody based ELISA for detection of feline Chlamydia psittaci.

A commercially available ELISA designed for the detection of C trachomatis in human urogenital specimens was compared with cell culture for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci in cat conjunctival swabs and in twofold dilutions of a cell culture pool of a feline strain of C psittaci. Cell culture was more sensitive than the ELISA test for detection of C psittaci.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Normal blood supply of the canine patella.

The normal blood supply of the canine patella was evaluated, using microangiography and correlated histology. Arterioles entered the cortex of the patella at multiple sites along the medial, lateral, and dorsal aspects. The body of the patella was vascularized uniformly, with many arterioles that branched and anastomosed extensively throughout the patella. The patella was not dependent on a single nutrient artery for its afferent supply, but had an extensive interior vascular network. These factors should ensure rapid revascularization and healing of patellar fractures, provided appropriate fracture fixation is achieved.

Angiography↗