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Biomedical subjects

P E Logue

Publications and source records attributed to P E Logue.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prospective study of neuropsychologic testing and quality-of-life assessment of adults with primary malignant brain tumors.

PURPOSE: To identify the characteristics of adult patients with newly diagnosed primary brain tumors associated with identifiable deficits in neuropsychologic function to target interventions to improve function and quality of life (QOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult patients with newly diagnosed primary brain tumors and their caregivers were enrolled and underwent a battery of standardized neuropsychologic tests, allowing for qualitative and quantitative assessment and sensitive to the effects of the brain tumor, QOL, or caregiver stress. RESULTS: We enrolled 68 patients with no prior radiotherapy. Patients with left hemisphere tumors reported significantly more memory problems and depressive symptoms. They also exhibited poorer attention and were more distractible, with poorer verbal fluency and poorer verbal learning. Patients with glioblastoma multiforme demonstrated poorer psychomotor speed and visual tracking than patients with non-glioblastoma multiforme histologic features. Patients and caregivers perceived QOL in a similar fashion, with significant correlation between patient and caregiver on hope testing and general QOL on the Linear Analog Self-Assessment Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with left hemisphere tumors and glioblastoma multiforme histologic features demonstrated testable differences in neuropsychologic function and QOL that may be amenable to improvement with medical therapy or tailored rehabilitation programs. Caregiver assessments can predict patient QOL, which may be useful in patients with declining status.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Information processing time adds useful information to traditional recall measures.

Clinical work and research activity using memory tests typically use measures of recall. While these measures are useful, they may restrict the nature of memory assessments. A memory test was developed to record encoding and recall times. Analyses were then conducted to determine whether these encoding and recall times related to recall performance. Results indicated that encoding time and recall time related significantly to recall performance. Data also revealed that while the strength of the relationship between encoding time and recall errors generally remained constant, the relationship between recall time and recall errors decreased as task demands increased.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

The effects of traumatic brain injuries on information processing.

Many individuals experience memory impairment subsequent to traumatic brain injuries (TBI). These memory deficits may result from general impairment of information processing rather than damage to memory critical neurological systems. The investigators examined learning time and recall errors for easy and hard word pairs in a distraction and no-distraction condition to examine learning patterns. Although results indicated that individuals with and without TBI generally showed the same learning and retrieval patterns, individuals with TBI did so in an accentuated manner. This suggests that attentional deficits associated with TBI are not responsible for subsequent memory deficits.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: psychometric properties in use with psychiatric inpatients.

The present investigation sought to enhance clinical utility of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE; Northern California Neurobehavioral Group, Inc.) by providing reference scores for an inpatient psychiatric sample and assessing construct validity. A total of 866 patients (aged 15-92 years) received an NCSE 2 to 4 days after admission. Examination of means, standard deviations, z scores, and percent who passed each screening item revealed consistently poorer performance for psychiatric patients relative to the original normative sample. Pearson product-moment correlations between age and each NCSE subtest similarly yielded significant negative correlations, particularly on tests predicted to be differentially sensitive to aging. Intercorrelations between subtests, however, failed to yield expected patterns of performance. We conclude that the NCSE provides a moderately valid screening instrument for cognitive impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Construct validity of a new computer-assisted cognitive neuromotor assessment battery in normal and inpatient psychiatric samples.

The construct validity of a computer-assisted battery of neuropsychological tests (CNT) was explored with psychiatric inpatients and normal volunteers. A principal components analysis of inpatient scores revealed simple reaction time, response accuracy, visuomotor skill, and complex processing and memory components. A similar factorial structure was found in normal subjects. However, complex processing and memory measures emerged as separate vigilance and memory components in volunteers. CNT tasks were correlated with nine subtests of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE). Simple reaction time, and complex processing and memory measures discriminated impaired from nonimpaired inpatients as defined by the NCSE. Recommendations for research on CNT, and computer-assisted tests in general, are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The effect of ECT on the perception of emotion in depressed patients.

35 psychiatric inpatients with diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depression were given tests of memory, depression, and affective aprosody prior to the initiation of pulse unilateral nondominant ECT. Following ECT treatment, patients were given the same battery of tests using alternate forms of the same tests. The results of this study showed significant treatment effects in all three dependent variables without significant interaction between variables. The implications of these findings were discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Neuropsychological importance of subcortical white matter hyperintensity.

Subcortical hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging is a common incidental finding in healthy elderly subjects. The relationship of such changes to cognitive functioning remains unclear, however, because only a small number of studies have examined this issue with conflicting results. We therefore assessed 66 healthy adult volunteers (mean [+/- SD] age, 61.8 +/- 15.8 years) with magnetic resonance imaging scans rated for subcortical hyperintensity, and with two neuropsychological instruments selected a priori on the basis of previous reports in the literature. Findings were highly significant for both the Benton Facial Recognition Test and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Digit Symbol. However, in both cases, the majority of variance was accounted for by age and educational level. Effects of subcortical hyperintensity were not significant. We conclude that subcortical hyperintensity in healthy adults does not relate to cognitive functioning, at least with these two instruments.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Neuropsychological outcome of zidovudine (AZT) treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.

Two hundred eighty-one patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or advanced AIDS-related complex were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of orally administered zidovudine (azidothymidine or AZT). Significant clinical benefits and adverse experiences have been reported from this trial. Because neuropsychiatric dysfunction is often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a brief affective and neuropsychological examination was administered over 16 weeks of the trial to evaluate any changes in neuropsychological function that occurred with drug administration. Patients receiving zidovudine, particularly those with AIDS, showed improved cognition as compared with patients receiving placebo. There were no changes in affective symptoms. The zidovudine recipients also had a statistically significant reduction in the intensity of symptomatic distress during the trial that may account in part for the observed cognitive changes. Some improvement in various cognitive measures was also seen in patients with AIDS-related complex. The results of this study suggest HIV-associated cognitive abnormalities may be partially ameliorated after the administration of zidovudine.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Predicting intellectual level from the Mini-Mental State Examination.

The Mini-Mental State Examination and the WAIS-R were administered to 105 patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. MMSE scores correlated 0.83 with full scale IQ, which indicates that the MMSE may be a reasonable alternative measure of overall intellectual functioning in Alzheimer patients, for whom more extensive testing is impractical or clinically inappropriate. The prediction formula is presented, along with a prediction table. Folstein and McHugh report that, as the WAIS Performance IQ falls below 100 in demented patients, that there is a concomitant decline in the MMSE below 24 points. Data from our laboratory further support what some clinicians have long suggested, ie, that in those cases where only the mental status examination can be given, this short test can provide a reasonably valid and reliable prediction of the patient's IQ score.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Cognitive and emotional changes during a simulated 686-m deep dive.

Three experienced divers were subjected simultaneously to world record hyperbaric pressures using an oxygen-helium-10% nitrogen breathing mixture. The simulated depth reached by these divers was 686 m (2250 ft). Cognitive and emotional state measures were obtained predive, during compression, decompression, and postdive. Although the divers showed no overt signs of nitrogen narcosis or HPNS, declines in memory, adaptive, and spatial functions were seen at 670 m. These performance deficits were reversed when the divers returned to surface pressures. The observed declines in performance are discussed in light of their implications for future dives.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of three Wechsler Memory Scale Subtests.

This study evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal age relationships, after age 60, for three subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale: logical memory, associate learning, and visual reproduction. Cross-sectional regression analyses indicated that age, sex, race, and education accounted for approximately 20 to 35% of the variance in test scores, with education the strongest predictor. Longitudinally, consistent linear declines were found only for hard associates and visual reproduction. Visual reproduction was related more consistently and strongly to age than the two verbal subtests. The effects of selective attrition from the study were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Effects of ethanol and psychomotor tests on state anxiety: interaction with menstrual cycle in women.

10 non-alcoholic women (ages 20 to 25 yr.) were administered drinks containing ethanol 0.0, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg. They then performed four complex psychomotor tasks. Immediately prior to drinking and after completing the tasks they were given the Spielberger State-Anxiety Inventory. Women were tested both during follicular and the luteal phases of their menstrual cycle. A significant positive correlation was found between increments in anxiety scores and blood ethanol levels in the luteal but not in the follicular phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Psychological measurement of memory deficits in dialysis patients.

In light of recent research on "dialysis dementia," two questions were raised: (1) Is such dementia an all-or-none phenomenon or is it distributed in severity throughout the population of dialysis patients? (2) Is the dementia related to the uremia itself or to some aspect of dialysis? Memory decline was used as the operational definition of dementia. The Russell revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale was used to measure short- and long-term semantic and figural memory. Results suggested that both semantic and figural memory disturbances were distributed in varying degrees throughout the population of dialysis patients (n = 28). Further findings suggested that figural memory functioning was negatively correlated with the number of dialysis sessions and with the amount of time elapsed since the first dialysis session. Suggestions are made for further research and clinical considerations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of alcohol consumption on state anxiety changes in male and female nonalcoholics.

Ten male and 10 female nonalcoholic college students were given drinks having alcohol levels of 0, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg. They were then given four complex psychomotor tests, immediately before and after which they were given the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and asked to rate their performance on a five-point scale. Mean anxiety change scores were -.90, .75, 4.75, and 5.55 for the four alcohol doses, respectively. There was no significant correlation between anxiety change and actual performance on the visual vigilance task, but for males there was a significant correlation between anxiety change and perceived level of impairment.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1978

Severe classroom behavior problems: teachers or counsellors.

This experiment was designed to determine the relative effectiveness of teacher and counselling approaches in the reduction of disruptive or inappropriate classroom behavior. Inappropriate classroom behavior frequencies of 12 academically low achieving, seventh-grade, black male students, with a reported high rate of inappropriate classroom behavior, were recorded. Three groups, with nearly equal mean inappropriate behaviors, were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: behavioral counselling, client-centered counselling, or no counselling. Each counselling group received fifteen 30-minute counselling sessions, at a rate of two to three times a week. In addition to counselling, all students subsequently received teacher approval within the classroom. Results indicated that the teacher was able to reduce inappropriate behavior more than any counselling group. There were also indications that behavioral counselling, but not client-centered counselling, was moderately helpful in reducing inappropriate classroom behavior.

Adolescent↗