PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P E Pochi

Publications and source records attributed to P E Pochi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Topical tretinoin for treatment of photodamaged skin. A multicenter study.

The clinical and histologic effects of a new emollient cream formulation of topical tretinoin at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.01% were examined in 251 subjects with mild to moderate photodamaged facial skin in a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter study. Seventy-nine percent of the subjects who received 0.05% tretinoin for 24 weeks showed overall improvement in photodamaged skin compared with improvement in 48% of the vehicle-treated control subjects. Significant reductions were found in fine wrinkling, mottled hyperpigmentation, roughness, and laxity after 0.05% tretinoin therapy when compared with controls. In addition, histologic changes of increased epidermal thickness, decreased melanin content, and stratum corneum compaction provide independent evidence supporting clinical improvement. Side effects of erythema, peeling, and stinging were usually mild and well tolerated.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

The pathogenesis and treatment of acne.

Acne is a follicular disorder of the skin occurring in specialized pilosebaceous units on the face and trunk. An abnormality of the keratinizing epithelium of these follicles, thought to be due to the action of sebum synthesized and secreted by the androgen-sensitive sebaceous glands, leads to inflammation induced by the follicular bacterium, Propionibacterium acnes. Therapy involves treatments that modify these pathogenic factors and includes drugs with antikeratinizing, antibacterial, and antiseborrheic actions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1988

Isotretinoin revisited.

Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) remains the drug of choice for treatment of severe, recalcitrant nodulocystic acne that is unresponsive to conventional therapy, including oral antibiotics. The drug has been shown to produce dramatic clearing of lesions and prolonged remissions. The length of remission may be dependent on both the dosage used and the duration of therapy. Since fetal malformations have been observed in infants born of mothers taking isotretinoin during pregnancy, it is mandatory to prevent women who are pregnant or may become pregnant during treatment from taking isotretinoin. Because the half-life of isotretinoin is ten to twenty hours, and because it is eliminated from the body rapidly enough, women may become pregnant one month after discontinuation of therapy without an increased risk of birth defects. Common side effects of the drug include mucocutaneous reactions, serum lipid alterations, eye irritation, and myalgias. Less commonly observed are hyperostoses and exuberant granulation tissue, and rarely, pseudotumor cerebri. Recommendations for substantially reducing or eliminating these effects are made.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1988

Use of oral and topical agents for acne in pregnancy.

Dermatologists frequently are consulted by a pregnant patient or a woman of childbearing age who desires acne therapy. Because there are no published studies in which women took acne medications throughout pregnancy, information about safety must be obtained indirectly from studies in which the agents were taken for another indication during some portion of pregnancy. Oral tetracycline is associated with maternal liver toxicity and deciduous tooth staining in the infant, and tetracycline occasionally has been associated with other congenital anomalies. Maternal isotretinoin ingestion is associated with major craniofacial and cardiac deformities, as well as other congenital anomalies. Erythromycin, however, appears to be safe. Topical acne medications never have been implicated as a cause of fetal deformities in human beings. Dermatologists should be aware of potential toxic and teratogenic effects of acne medicines before prescribing them to women of childbearing age. Prompt reporting of adverse effects is encouraged.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1988

Erythromycin 2 percent gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

A gel formulation of erythromycin 2 percent was compared with its vehicle in a double-blind multicenter study involving patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. In an analysis of 187 patients treated twice daily for 8 weeks, erythromycin 2 percent gel proved to be significantly more effective than vehicle in reducing the numbers of both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions. After 8 weeks, 60 percent of erythromycin-treated patients had good or excellent responses compared with 36 percent of those using vehicle (p = 0.001); the lesions in two patients using erythromycin were completely cleared. The majority of patients had a favorable impression of the cosmetic characteristics of the gel formulation.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1988

Sebaceous gland activity in black skin.

Sebaceous gland secretion was measured in 649 male and female subjects, of whom 67 (10.3 per cent) were black. No consistent difference in sebaceous gland activity was found between black and white skin. As sebum is an integral etiologic factor in acne, these findings are consistent with the clinical impression and with epidemiologic data, albeit scant, that the incidence of acne vulgaris in the black population differs little, if at all, from the incidence in the white population.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of topical isotretinoin 0.05% gel in acne vulgaris: results of a multicenter, double-blind investigation.

Two hundred sixty-eight patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris completed a multicenter, double-blind, controlled study comparing isotretinoin 0.05% gel with its vehicle. Patients were treated twice daily for up to 14 weeks. Efficacy was measured by counting facial inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions and by grading acne severity initially and at 2- to 3-week intervals throughout the study. The isotretinoin 0.05% gel proved to be statistically more effective than vehicle in reducing inflammatory lesions after 5 weeks and in reducing noninflammatory lesions and acne severity grade after 8 weeks. Except for two patients who dropped out because of irritation, isotretinoin 0.05% gel was well tolerated.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1987

Side effects and long-term toxicity of synthetic retinoids.

The observation that vitamin A (retinol) has antikeratinizing properties has led to the development of synthetic retinol derivatives (retinoids) for the treatment of a variety of skin disorders characterized by abnormal keratinization. The goal of research in this area is the synthesis of retinoids that would have a more favorable therapeutic: toxic ratio than retinol itself. A limiting factor in the use of any vitamin A analogue is that, even with a more favorable therapeutic: toxic ratio, large pharmacologic doses are required that produce side effects related to the drug's action in most individuals. With few exceptions, all of the side effects are those seen from mega-vitamin A ingestion, primarily affecting the mucocutaneous, skeletal, and central nervous systems. Most of the side effects from excess vitamin A are reversible, with notable exceptions being those involving hepatic and osseous tissues. In terms of reversibility from synthetic retinoids, the experience to date has been incomplete, so there remains imprecise information as to the incidence and the persistence of toxic effects after drug withdrawal.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Acne vulgaris in childhood. Pathogenesis and management.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder. Although it is most prevalent in the second decade of life, its beginnings are heralded by increased activity of the sebaceous glands and faulty follicular keratinization, which are already evident in mid to late childhood. The subsequent and increasing proliferation of the follicular anaerobic diphtheroid microflora contribute further as an important pathogenic factor in the generation of inflammatory lesions. Treatments of acne, therefore, are aimed at reducing the follicular anaerobic bacteria, counteracting the follicular hyperkeratosis, and inhibiting the activity of sebaceous glands.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1979

Age-related changes in sebaceous gland activity.

The sebaceous glands of man show age-related differences in their activity as determined by quantitative and qualitative examination of sebum. Sebaceous secretion is low in children and begins to increase in mid- to late childhood under the influence of androgens. This rise continues until the late teens, after which no further significant change takes place until late in life. In elderly men, sebum levels remain essentially unchanged from those of younger adults until the age of 80. In women, sebaceous secretion decreases gradually after menopause and shows no significant change after the 7th decade. The most likely explanation for the decrease in sebaceous gland secretion with age in both men and women is a concomitant decrease in the endogenous production of androgens. Although surface lipid levels fall with age, paradoxically the sebaceous glands become larger, rather than smaller, as a result of decreased cellular turnover. Nonetheless, as the higher surface lipid levels after administration of fluoxymesterone (a synthetic testosterone derivative) indicate, the glands have the capacity to respond to androgens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The fatty acids of human sebaceous gland phosphatidylcholine.

The fatty acids of human sebaceous gland phosphatidylcholine were examined by gas chromatography and by analysis of the double bond positions in the C-16 and C-18 monoenes. Compared to phosphatidylcholine from other organs, sebaceous gland phosphatidylcholine was found to be deficient in essential fatty acids and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The relatively large mono-unsaturated fatty acid fraction consisted predominantly of fatty acids with delta6- and delta8-unsaturation. Analysis indicates that the fatty acids of sebaceous gland phospholipids are predominantly of types synthesized in sebaceous glands.

Fatty Acids↗