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Biomedical subjects

P E Spector

Publications and source records attributed to P E Spector.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The impact of cross-training on team functioning: an empirical investigation.

The effects of cross-training (presence vs. absence) and workload (high vs. low) on team processes, communication, and task performance were examined. Eighty male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of four training conditions: cross-training, low workload; cross-training, high workload; no cross-training, low workload; and no cross-training, high workload. Results indicated that cross-training was an important determinant of effective teamwork process, communication, and performance. Predicted interactions between cross-training and workload were not supported. Implications for the design and implementation of cross-training as a means to improve team functioning are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relations of job characteristics from multiple data sources with employee affect, absence, turnover intentions, and health.

Much of the evidence in support of job characteristics theory is limited to incumbent reports of job characteristics. In this study, job characteristics data from three independent sources--incumbents, ratings from job descriptions, and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles--were used. Convergent validities of incumbent reports with other sources were quite modest. Although incumbent reports of job characteristics correlated significantly with several employee outcomes (job satisfaction, work frustration, anxiety on the job, turnover intentions, and number of doctor visits), the other sources showed few significant correlations, except for number of doctor visits. Caution is urged in the use of incumbent self-reports of job characteristics as indicators of actual work environments. New methods for studying job characteristics are suggested.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1991

Negative affectivity as the underlying cause of correlations between stressors and strains.

The extent to which negative affectivity (NA), the tendency to experience a wide range of negative emotions, inflated correlations between chronic job stressors and strains was examined in this study. NA was found to account for a large proportion of shared variance between stressors and physical strains (as indicated by absence, doctor visits, and physical symptoms). Contrary to the results of Brief, Burke, George, Robinson, and Webster (1988), NA did not account for much of the variance shared by stressors and affective strains (job satisfaction, anger, and feelings of stress and frustration). Reasons for the failure of this and several earlier studies to successfully replicate Brief et al.'s results are explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

An investigation of age-related factors in the age-job-satisfaction relationship.

Most researchers have found a positive linear relation between age and job satisfaction. We attempted to account for this relationship by measuring variables that had been proposed to be causal factors. Subjects were 496 city and county managers working in Florida. Potential explanatory variables were (a) job congruence (the difference between what managers prefer and what they perceive they have in a job), (b) internal-external locus of control, and (c) related demographics-age, salary, organizational tenure, position tenure, and organizational level. Multiple regression analyses found that job congruence and work locus of control accounted for almost all of the variance in the age-satisfaction relationship. This study supports the job change hypothesis, which proposes tha older workers get more of what they want out of work.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: development of the Job Satisfaction Survey.

The development of the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), a nine-subscale measure of employee job satisfaction applicable specifically to human service, public, and nonprofit sector organizations, is described. The item selection, item analysis, and determination of the final 36-item scale are also described, and data on reliability and validity and the instrument's norms are summarized. Included are a multitrait-multimethod analysis of the JSS and the Job Descriptive Index (JDI), factor analysis of the JSS, and scale intercorrelations. Correlation of JSS scores with criteria of employee perceptions and behaviors for multiple samples were consistent with findings involving other satisfaction scales and with findings from the private sector. The strongest correlations were with perceptions of the job and supervisor, intention of quitting, and organizational commitment. More modest correlations were found with salary, age, level, absenteeism, and turnover.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1981

Multivariate data analysis for outcome studies.

The use of multivariate statistical techniques for analyzing the complex data often gathered in outcome studies is discussed. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is suggested for multiple group studies common to outcome studies. This technique can be utilized for a large number of specific research designs whenever multiple outcome measures are collected. MANOVA offers two specific advantages over more familiar univariate approaches: it presents better control over Type 1 error rates while preserving statistical power, and it allows more thorough analysis of complex data.

Humans↗