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Biomedical subjects

P Eagle

Publications and source records attributed to P Eagle.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Studies of neck injury criteria based on existing biomechanical test data.

The mechanisms of injury of the human neck are potentially related to the forces and bending moments acting on the spinal column. An injury criterion that combines the effects of the time history of force and moment, N(ij), has been adopted by the USA federal government for vehicle crash regulations. This paper presents two analytical approaches to evaluate the N(ij) injury criterion using previously published biomechanical data: a direct fit optimization analysis and a statistical analysis. The results show that no values used in the N(ij) criterion corresponding to compressive force, extension moment and flexion moment will optimally separate the injury and non-injury cases in the biomechanical data set. Only the tensile force allows identification of the injury risk. All indications are that increasing the weight given to moment decreases the accuracy of the prediction.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

Silencing of a meristematic gene using geminivirus-derived vectors.

Geminiviruses are DNA viruses that replicate and transcribe their genes in plant nuclei. They are ideal vectors for understanding plant gene function because of their ability to cause systemic silencing in new growth and ease of inoculation. We previously demonstrated DNA episome-mediated gene silencing from a bipartite geminivirus in Nicotiana benthamiana. Using an improved vector, we now show that extensive silencing of endogenous genes can be obtained using less than 100 bp of homologous sequence. Concomitant symptom development varied depending upon the target gene and insert size, with larger inserts producing milder symptoms. In situ hybridization of silenced tissue in attenuated infections demonstrated that silencing occurs in cells that lack detectable levels of viral DNA. A mutation confining the virus to vascular tissue produced extensive silencing in mesophyll tissue, further demonstrating that endogenous gene silencing can be separated from viral infection. We also show that two essential genes encoding a subunit of magnesium chelatase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) can be silenced simultaneously from different components of the same viral vector. Immunolocalization of silenced tissue showed that the PCNA protein was down-regulated throughout meristematic tissues. Our results demonstrate that geminivirus-derived vectors can be used to study genes involved in meristem function in intact plants.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Identifying dissociative identity disorder: a self-report and projective study.

This study compared 21 female adult psychiatric patients diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) with 21 female adult nondissociative psychiatric patients to determine whether DID patients exhibit a distinguishing set of clinical features, and perceptual, attentional, and cognitive processes. Participants were assessed with the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule to assess diagnostic status. Group scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale, Tellegen Absorption Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Rorschach test were compared. DID participants reported earlier and more severe childhood trauma, more dissociative symptoms, and a greater propensity for altered states of consciousness. The DID participants also exhibited increased projective and imaginative activity, a diminished ability to integrate mental contents, a complex and driven cognitive style, and a highly unconventional view of reality.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of discontinuing coffee intake on iron status of iron-deficient Guatemalan toddlers: a randomized intervention study.

Coffee is one of the first liquids given to infants in Guatemala. To evaluate whether this practice has an adverse effect on iron status, 160 children 12-24 mo of age who had received coffee for > or = 2 mo and had at least one indicator of iron deficiency were stratified by initial hemoglobin concentration (anemic, or nonanemic, ie, hemoglobin > or = 105 g/L) and randomly assigned to a control (continuation of coffee; coffee) or intervention (provided with a substitute consisting of sugar and coloring; substitute) group for 5 mo. Anemic children were provided with iron supplements for 2-3 mo. Hematologic and anthropometric measurements were made before and after the intervention and dietary and morbidity data were collected every 2 wk. A total of 139 children completed the study: 45 coffee, nonanemic; 56 substitute, nonanemic; 19 coffee, anemic; and 19 substitute, anemic. Compliance with the procedures was good: median coffee intake was 891 mL/wk in the coffee group compared with 18 mL/wk in the substitute group (P = 0.0001). There was no significant effect of discontinuing coffee consumption on changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, ratio of zinc protoporphyrin to heme or plasma iron, zinc or copper in either nonanemic or anemic children, or plasma ferritin in children who did not take iron supplements. In children who took iron supplements, change in plasma ferritin was significantly greater in the substitute group than in the coffee group (106% compared with 1%, P < 0.05). This implies that coffee interferes with the utilization of supplemental iron. It is likely that the amount and strength of coffee consumed by Guatemalan toddlers are too low to significantly affect the other indexes of iron status.

Anemia↗
PubMed1996

The fate of training cases.

The authors regard the treatment of analytic patients as a crucial, formative and ultimately integrative experience in a candidate's development that has received remarkably little direct attention as an aspect of analytic education. From 1983 to 1992 a questionnaire was sent to all graduates of the Columbia University Psychoanalytic Center for Training and Research asking for information on training cases, both those terminated before graduation and those still ongoing at the time of graduation. The authors report data on pre-graduation candidate case experience, treatment duration of training cases, the impact of graduation on the course of analysis and on a global assessment of the outcome. 70 per cent of the 71 who graduated between 1983 and 1992 returned the questionnaire. The survey showed that before graduation the average candidate had a cumulative nine-year experience of treating training cases. 35 per cent of cases terminated before graduation and were invariably considered to have an unsuccessful outcome. Thus the 'failed case' was a common event and should be anticipated as part of a candidate's education. There was no evidence of precipitous termination of cases after graduation; in fact the data suggest that graduation has no discernible effect on the timing of termination. The vast majority of candidates at Columbia continue to be supervised after graduation, which suggests that graduation is only a marker in the training of an analyst, rather than the point of completion. With respect to outcome, 23 per cent of the 151 terminated cases were rated successful. Though this finding is consistent with previous reports, the methodological limitations of this study limit the confidence in this result. One of the important issues raised by these results is the impact of training requirements on the candidate's education and the Fate of Training Cases.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educational support in palliative care.

Approval by the National Board of Scotland as a clinical area for students on the Professional Studies II module on care of the terminally ill acted as a stimulus for staff at a nursing home to seek help in developing psycho-social, self-awareness and support skills. Margaret Campbell Sneddon and Patricia Eagle initiated a course which aimed to meet the needs and expectations of the staff.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗