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P Eickholz

Publications and source records attributed to P Eickholz.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evidence for healing of interproximal intrabony defects after conventional and regenerative therapy: digital radiography and clinical measurements.

In 24 patients with advanced periodontitis 38 interproximal intrabony defects were treated by conventional surgery (C; n = 8) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (G; n = 17) or Polyglactin 910 barriers (V; n = 13). Presurgically (BL), 6 and 12 months postsurgically clinical parameters (GI, PII, PPD, PAL-V) and 36 standardized radiographs were obtained generating 72 pairs (36 BL/6 months; 36 BL/12 months). Using linear measurements on the radiographs and subtraction analysis, bony fill within the defects was assessed. Intrasurgically the extension of the intrabony defects was measured. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) attachment gain was found after 6 (C: 2.4 +/- 1.6 mm; G: 3.2 +/- 1.6 mm; V: 3.4 +/- 1.5 mm) and 12 months in all groups (C: 2.4 +/- 1.7 mm; G: 3.1 +/- 1.7 mm; V: 4.0 +/- 1.7 mm). Thirty-nine of 72 pairs of radiographs were unsuitable for subtraction analysis. Significant (p < 0.05) bony fill was observed at 6 (C: 0.3 +/- 1.0 mm; G: 0.7 +/- 1.2 mm; V: 0.9 +/- 1.2 mm) and 12 months (C: 0.0 +/- 1.1 mm; G: 1.4 +/- 1.5 mm; V: 1.5 +/- 1.7 mm) only after GTR surgery. GTR therapy yielded significantly more bony fill than conventional surgery 12 months postsurgically (p < 0.1). Bony fill (linear measurement) was influenced by age, smoking, baseline bone loss and PAL-V gain (p < 0.0001). Significantly more radiographs taken with potentially unstable support of the filmholder were not suitable for subtraction analysis than those with stable support (p < 0.05). Bony gain (subtraction analysis) was positively modulated by bony fill (linear measurement) and use of biodegradable barriers (p = 0.002). There is a correlation between PAL-V gain and bony fill (linear measurement). Smoking impairs attachment gain and bony fill. Potentially stable support of the filmholder provided radiographs suitable for subtraction analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Periodontal surgery of vertical bony defects with or without synthetic bioabsorbable barriers. 12-month results.

The aim of the present study was to clinically and radiographically compare guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy with bioabsorbable polyglactin 910 barriers and conventional periodontal surgery in intrabony defects. In 26 patients with advanced periodontitis, 29 teeth exhibiting interproximal intrabony defects were treated; 15 by conventional periodontal surgery (control) and 14 by GTR (test). Before and 12 months after surgery, clinical parameters were assessed and standardized radiographs were taken. On the radiographs the distances from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (AC), and the CEJ to the most apical extension of the bony defect (BD) were measured using a computer-assisted analyzing device (LMSRT). Twelve months after surgery, 24 patients with 27 lesions were available for examination. For both methods statistically significant (P < 0.001) probing depth (PD) reduction (mean +/- standard deviation) of -4.49 +/- 1.94 mm (n = 13, test) and -3.22 +/- 1.48 mm (n = 14, control), as well as clinical attachment gain (CAL-V) of 3.41 +/- 1.59 mm (test) and 2.07 +/- 1.10 mm (control), was observed. Radiographic changes of the distance CEJ to AC of -0.95 +/- 1.72 mm (n = 9, test), and -0.98 +/- 1.53 mm (n = 11, control) were not significant. A significant bony fill (distance CEJ-BD) of 1.05 +/- 1.22 mm was observed for the test group (P < 0.01); the 0.68 +/- 2.04 mm bony gain for the control group was not statistically significant. The PD reduction (P < 0.05) and attachment gain (P < 0.01) in the test group was statistically significantly more favorable than in the control group. Twelve months after surgery, statistically more favorable PD reduction and attachment gain was observed using polyglactin 910 barriers than compared to conventional flap surgery. Hence, the use of bioabsorbable barriers for therapy of intrabony defects may be recommended.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1998

Reproducibility and validity of the assessment of clinical furcation parameters as related to different probes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the assessment of clinical furcation parameters (horizontal attachment levels [CAL-H], class of furcation invasion). Replicate measurements of CAL-H and furcation class were performed within 14 days in 420 molars of 105 patients with advanced periodontitis using a Nabers- (n=50), a TPS- (n=30) and a PCPUNC15-probe (n=25). Validity of clinical assessments was assessed by intrasurgical measurements. The standard deviation of single measurements (s) was calculated as a measure of the reproducibility of CAL-H measurements and weighted kappa-coefficients (Kw) to estimate the agreement of furcation class assessments. The s ranged from 0.55 to 1.13 mm (Nabers), 0.55 to 1.02 mm (TPS), and 0.58 to 1.11 mm (PCPUNC15). For all probes, a statistically significantly smaller measurement error was observed in buccal and lingual sites than in mesiolingual and distolingual furcations (P < 0.005). The Kw ranged from 0.59 to 0.89 (Nabers), 0.50 to 0.80 (TPS), and 0.53 to 0.72 (PCPUNC 15). Multiple linear regression analysis identified distolingual location, probing depth (PD) and CAL-H as factors influencing the variability of CAL-H measurements. Whereas there was no statistically significant difference between pre- and intrasurgical CAL-H measurements using the Nabers probe, the TPS and PCPUNC15 probe underestimated CAL-H for distolingual furcations (P < 0.025). Using the Nabers probe, no asymmetries between pre- and intrasurgically obtained class of furcation involvement were revealed, while the TPS and PCPUNC15 probe underestimated furcation degrees (P < 0.1). Multiple linear regression analysis identified distolingual location and height of furcation, as well as PD, vertical attachment level (CAL-V) and type of probe, as factors influencing the validity of CAL-H measurements. Clinical diagnosis of furcation lesions using the 3 mm incrementally marked Nabers probe provides reproducible and valid information about furcation invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Microleakage of temporary restorations after thermocycling and mechanical loading.

The marginal seal of four temporary filling materials in endodontic access cavities was examined in vitro after thermocycling and mechanical loading using dye penetration tests and a quantitative marginal analysis of replicas in the SEM. Class I cavities were prepared in 44 extracted human molars and filled either with Cavit, Kalsogen, IRM, or TERM. After setting the reaction and thermocycling procedure, Cavit showed less microleakage in the dye penetration test and fewer marginal crevices in the quantitative marginal analysis. After loading, two Cavit fillings collapsed into the endodontic cavity. The marginal conditions of TERM were comparable to Cavit after thermocycling and mechanical loading. Kalsogen and IRM restorations demonstrated significantly increased microleakage and a higher percentage of marginal crevices after thermocycling and loading. In contrast to dye penetration tests, the effects of different factors on the marginal integrity of temporary fillings can be examined with the replica technique and quantitative marginal analysis.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1997

Guided tissue regeneration with non-resorbable and biodegradable barriers: 6 months results.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with non-resorbable (ePTFE [G]) and biodegradable barriers (Polyglactin 910 (V)). In 20 patients, providing 25 pairs of symmetrical periodontal defects (7 pairs of interproximal intrabony lesions, 12 pairs of degree II and 6 pairs of degree III furcation involvement), each defect was randomly assigned to treatment with either non-resorbable (control) or biodegradable (test) devices. At baseline and 6 months after surgery, clinical measurements (GI, PPD, PAL-V, PAL-H, P1I) and standardized radiographs were obtained. On the radiographs, the linear distances from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (AC), and from the CEJ to bottom of the bony defect (BD) were measured using a computer-assisted analysing method (LMSRT). Both treatments revealed a significant (p < 0.05) PPD reduction (-2.90 +/- 1.33 mm (V), -2.71 +/- 1.41 mm (G)), PAL-V gain (1.78 +/- 1.27 mm (V), 1.46 +/- 1.35 mm (G)), PAL-H gain (2.00 +/- 0.82 mm (V), 1.60 +/- 0.59 mm (G)), and radiographic changes (CEJ-AC: 0.48 +/- 0.75 mm (V), 0.73 +/- 0.92 mm (G); CEJ-BD: -0.76 +/- 0.79 mm (V), -0.41 +/- 0.72 mm (G)) after 6 months. The mean differences between the changes for test and control were not significant for most clinical and radiographic parameters. Similar clinical and radiographic results were found 6 months after surgical treatment using either non-resorbable or biodegradable barriers. More favorable results concerning PAL-H gain could be observed with biodegradable barriers after 6 months. Therefore, based on these results, the use of biodegradable barriers in GTR may be recommended and, thereby, a surgical re-entry to remove non-resorbable barriers can be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for healing of class II and III furcations after GTR therapy: digital subtraction and clinical measurements.

In 21 patients with advanced periodontitis, 39 teeth exhibiting class II (n = 21) and class III (n = 18) furcations were treated by the guided tissue regeneration technique using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes (n = 20) or bioabsorbable barriers (n = 19), respectively. Clinical parameters were assessed before and 6 months after surgery. Presurgically and 6 months postsurgically, 35 pairs of standardized bitewing radiographs were taken. Using subtraction radiography, gain of bone density within furcation areas was assessed. Eighteen radiographs showed sufficiently accurate geometry to be analyzed by subtraction. Within the defects suitable for subtraction, the average gain of vertical attachment assessed was 1.35 +/- 1.27 mm in the class II furcation group and 1.58 +/- 1.37 mm in the class III furcation group. The average horizontal attachment gain in the class II furcation group was 1.96 +/- 0.59 mm. No statistically significant differences were observed between results after GTR therapy using non-resorbable and bioabsorbable barriers. Radiographic bone gain as assessed by subtraction analysis correlated with vertical (r = 0.458, P < 0.025) and horizontal (r = 0.734, P < 0.005) attachment gain. A statistically significant number of more radiographs for maxillary molars were not suitable for subtraction analysis than mandibular molars (P < 0.05). Further, statistically more radiographs that were taken with potentially unstable support of the filmholder were not suitable for subtraction analysis than those with stable support (P < 0.05). There is a statistically significant correlation between clinical improvements and bony fill within furcation defects. Only 18 of 35 pairs of radiographs were suitable for subtraction analysis. Subtraction analysis of maxillary molars seems to be more difficult than assessment of radiographic bone changes in mandibular molars. Potentially stable support of the filmholder seems to be a condition to provide radiographs suitable for subtraction analysis.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

The reproducibility and validity of furcation measurements using a pressure-calibrated probe.

The furcation involvement of 100 molars in 25 patients suffering from moderate to advanced periodontitis was investigated. The horizontal probing attachment level (PAL-H) within the furcations was assessed 2x within 2 weeks using the pressure-calibrated (0.25 N) flexible plastic universal explorer version of the TPS probe (TPS). To determine the measurement error of PAL-H assessments, the standard deviation of single measurements was calculated. The measurements were repeated using a colour-coded Nabers probe and compared to the TPS assessments. 253 furcations were evaluated (100 buccal, 47 lingual, 53 mesiolingual and 53 distolingual, respectively). For buccal, lingual, mesiolingual and distolingual furcations, the standard deviations were 0.486 mm, 0.598 mm, 0.846 mm, 1.039 mm, respectively. Measurement error was less in buccal and lingual furcations than in mesiolingual and distolingual sites (p < 0.005). The agreement of replicate measurements of furcation degrees was excellent for buccal and lingual furcations (weighted kappa [standard error] 0.824 [0.076] and 0.779 [0.107], respectively), but only moderate for mesiolingual and distolingual furcations (weighted kappa 0.688 [0.096] and 0.544 [0.101], respectively). Only in distolingual sites there was a significant (p < 0.025; paired t-test) underestimation of PAL-H by the TPS as compared to the Nabers probe. At all locations the TPS underestimated furcation degrees significantly (p < 0.1; Stuart-Maxwell's chi 2) as compared to Nabers probe. Measurement error of mesiolingual and distolingual furcations was significantly higher than of buccal or lingual sites. The reproducibility of PAL-H measurements in furcations using TPS is comparable to data published for scorings with colour-coded Nabers probes. Through and through furcations are likely to be underestimated by using the flexible plastic version of the TPS probe. Hence, it seems to be unsuitable for a proper assessment of the degree of furcation involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A method to monitor dental demineralisation in vitro.

This paper presents an in vitro method for monitoring the progression of dental hard tissue demineralisation using consecutive, standardised radiographs. Reliability and factors affecting the reproducibility of this method were established by replicate measurements and comparison to histological evaluation. Whereas assessment of the extent of the lesions by measuring linear distances was highly reproducible, reproducibility of measurements of the central depth of a lesion is affected by the superficial extension and the surrounding hard tissue. Radiographic imaging underestimates the extent of demineralisation as compared to histological analysis.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed1996

Radiographic evaluation of bone regeneration following periodontal surgery with or without expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barriers.

In 16 patients with advanced periodontitis, 23 teeth exhibiting interproximal intrabony defects were treated by conventional periodontal surgery (n = 10, control) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) technique using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) barriers (n = 13, test), respectively. Clinical parameters were assessed before and 6 months after surgery. Presurgically and 3 and 6 months postsurgically standardized bite-wing radiographs were taken. Using a loupe and a computer-assisted system, respectively, the distances from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) and CEJ to the most apical extension of bony defect (BD) were measured. The average gain of attachment was assessed 2.33 mm in the control group and 3.17 mm in the test group. The bony fill was measured 0.97 mm and 0.97 mm in the control group and 0.93 mm and 1.68 mm in the test group after 3 and 6 months, respectively, using a loupe. Using a computer-assisted system 0.83 mm and 1.82 mm of bone fill could be measured (control) and 0.76 mm and 1.79 mm (test) after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Compared to the gold standard of surgical measurements, the computer-assisted analysis of radiographs underestimated bone loss significantly less than evaluation with a loupe (P < 0.002). Compared to conventional periodontal surgery, the GTR technique resulted in higher attachment gain and bony fill. However, the high variation of surgical results in the test group prevented the calculation of a statistically significant difference.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Simultaneous isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from subgingival and extracrevicular locations of the mouth.

In the present study, a total of 619 subgingival and extracrevicular samples from 66 early-onset periodontitis, 42 adult periodontitis/gingivitis and 36 treated Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis patients were selectively cultivated for presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The organism was recovered from 68% cases with early-onset periodontitis, 24% cases with adult periodontitis/gingivitis and 50% of treated patients. Associations between recovery from pooled subgingival plaque and samples from extracrevicular locations as well as between different extracrevicular samples, were not heterogeneous with regard to different groups with the exception for cheek/saliva comparisons (odds ratios: early-onset periodontitis 825; adult periodontitis 8.1; treated patients 117; 0.05 < p < 0.1). For associations between recovery of A. actinomycetemcomitans from pooled subgingival plaque/extracrevicular samples, Mantel-Haenszel's odds ratios of between 12.2 and 21.6 were calculated (p < 0.0001). The organism was isolated from 17 cheek mucosa samples of 18 patients identified as still harboring the organism after therapy. Present results point to the considerable value of cheek mucosa samples especially in treated patients to diagnose persistent A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization of the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Reproducibility and validity of furcation measurements as related to class of furcation invasion.

The furcation involvement of 200 molars in 50 patients suffering from advanced periodontitis was investigated. Presurgically, the horizontal probing attachment levels (CAL-H) within the furcations of 4 molars per patient was assessed twice within 14 days. Within a subset of 11 patients duplicate measurements of clinical probing depths (PD) and vertical clinical attachment levels (CAL-V) at the same molars were performed. To determine the measurement error of CAL-H, PD and CAL-V, respectively, the standard deviation of single measurements were calculated. The CAL-H measurements were repeated intrasurgically and compared with presurgical assessments of furcation measurements. The overall standard deviation of single measurements was 0.759 mm. For Class 0, I, and II furcations, the standard deviations were 0.879 mm, 0.664 mm, 0.682 mm, respectively. The standard deviation of PD single measurements and CAL-V single measurements varied from 0.393 mm to 0.993 mm (PD) and from 0.555 mm to 1.161 mm (CAL-V), respectively. The agreement of replicate measurements of furcation degrees was moderate for furcation locations which showed a CAL-H < or = 3 mm and a CAL-H > 3 mm, respectively (weighted kappa-coefficients 0.500 and 0.691). At sites with furcation involvement Class O and II there was no statistically significant difference between presurgical and intrasurgical measurements. At sites with Class I furcations there was a statistically significant mean difference of 0.255 mm between presurgically and intrasurgically assessed CAL-H. There was no statistically significant difference between furcation classes as assessed presurgically and intrasurgically (chi 2 between 1.9 and 4.4).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The reliability of furcation measurements.

The furcation involvement of 100 molars in 25 patients suffering from moderate to advanced periodontitis was investigated. Presurgically, the horizontal probing attachment level (PAL-H) within the furcations was assessed 2 x within 14 days. To determine the measurement error of PAL-H, the standard deviation of single measurements was calculated. The measurements were repeated intrasurgically and compared with presurgical assessments of furcation degrees. The overall standard deviation of single measurements was 0.739 mm. For buccal, lingual, mesiolingual and distolingual furcations, the standard deviations were 0.602 mm, 0.559 mm, 0.759 mm, 1.099 mm, respectively; measurement error was less in buccal and lingual furcations than in distolingual furcations (p < 0.001). The agreement of replicate measurements of furcation degrees was excellent for buccal, lingual and mesiolingual furcations (weighted k - coefficients between 0.776 and 0.944), but only moderate for distolingual furcations (kw = 0.706). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant influence of furcation depth, width and furcation location on differences of PAL-H (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between furcation degree as assessed presurgically and intrasurgically.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of ultrasonic condensation on gold condenser fillings and on the abutting dental hard tissue].

A prototype ultrasonic condensation device was applied to condense two class V mat-gold fillings in each of 10 extracted molars (group A). For 10 other molars a conventional electric device was used (group B). In five molars of each group the nib face of the condenser was not brought into direct contact with the cavity margins (AI/BI); in the other five molars of the sample this was done intentionally (AII/BII). Only one of the two fillings in each tooth was polished. Replicas of the fillings were examined for marginal adaptation by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After dye penetration for 24 h, ground sections of the teeth were examined by light microscopy and SEM. Enamel cracks and cementum injuries were predominantly observed in unpolished fillings of group AII and BII. The marginal adaptation in group AI was significantly better than in group AII, BI, BII, respectively. The polished fillings demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of dye penetration than unpolished restorations. Our results indicate that only direct treatment of the cavity margins with the ultrasonic device causes enamel cracking and cementum injuries. Avoidance of direct treatment of the cavity margins seems to result in better marginal adaptation. In addition to that, polishing seems to lead to lower rates of microleakage.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital radiography of interproximal caries: effect of different filters.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different image processing modes (filters) on reproducibility and validity of the assessment of interproximal carious lesions on digitized radiographic images. Standardized radiographs of 34 extracted teeth exhibiting interproximal caries were obtained. All radiographs were digitized and using the FRIACOM-software the central depth (CD) of each carious lesion was measured on the unchanged radiographic image and after use of five different filters with 7fold and 18fold magnification. All measurements were repeated after 1 week to estimate reproducibility. Histometric CD assessments provided a gold standard for comparison with the radiographic measurements (validity). Neither reproducibility nor validity of CD measurements were improved by one of the filters. Measurements of dentinal lesions showed a statistically higher variability than those of enamel lesions (p<0.001). 18fold magnification provided more valid CD measurements than 7fold magnification (p<0.001). In this study digital manipulations of radiographic images failed to result in statistically significantly improved reproducibility or validity of CD measurements.

Dental Caries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital subtraction radiography for monitoring dental demineralization. An in vitro study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the assessment of progression of demineralization by digital subtraction radiography. In each of 14 extracted human teeth, 2 approximal enamel demineralization lesions were induced in vitro to simulate dental caries. A modified tunnel preparation with glass ionomer fillings was performed on one lesion of every tooth as a model of caries inhibition. Every week, radiographs were obtained under standardized conditions over a period of 42 days. The radiographs were digitized and calibrated for grayscales. Reference landmarks were chosen and aligned for the different pictures by computer-assisted imaging to adjust the images for projective distortions. The images of the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd day were subtracted from the baseline radiograph. The mean value of gray values of the subtraction images was calculated and ANOVA tests for repeated measurements and paired t tests were used for statistical analysis. The results of the present study indicate that statistically significant gray level changes due to progression of demineralization could be detected in the radiographic images by subtraction analysis. Differences between glass ionomer-filled and nonfilled lesions failed to reach significance. The introduced method may have the potential to detect and document minute caries progression.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progression of dental demineralization with and without modified tunnel restorations in vitro.

This study evaluated the caries-inhibitory effects of a glass-ionomer cement restoration. As a model to assess these effects, a Ketac-Fil restoration was placed beneath the mesial or distal enamel layer in 14 extracted human molars by means of access from the occlusal fossa. The teeth were insulated in all but two areas on the approximal surfaces. The prepared teeth were mounted on a hollow cylinder and a localized progressing demineralization of the approximal surfaces was induced by storage of the samples in an acidified gel. Immediately before and 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after initiation of demineralization, standardized radiographs were obtained to assess the progression of demineralization. On each radiograph, the demineralized lesions were assessed by measurement of the coronoapical extension (CA) and the central depth (CD). At 28, 35, and 42 days after initiation of the demineralization, the CD of the lesions of the glass-ionomer cement group was revealed to be statistically significantly smaller than the lesions of the control group (no tunnel restoration) (P < 0.1). A multiple linear regression analysis identified CA and time as factors correlated to CD positively and the glass-ionomer restoration as a factor related to CD negatively (P < 0.001). It seems that modified tunnel restorations utilizing glass-ionomer cement inhibit progression of dental demineralization in vitro.

Cariostatic Agents↗