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Biomedical subjects

P Elsner

Publications and source records attributed to P Elsner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Behavior and attitude regarding skin cancer prevention and early detection in relation to current knowledge--studies of visitors to an industrial fair].

During the course of the 42nd International Trade Fair 1990 in Munich a total of 1245 visitors were interrogated with regard to their education in the early recognition of skin cancer, and their behaviour in respect of exposure to sunlight. The same persons were also subjected to melanoma screening, both with regard to special assessment of pigment lesions and inspection of the entire skin. The questionnaire showed that women were better informed than men. Approximately 87% of the questioned women had heard of the problems of melanoma, whereas only about 55% of the men belonged to the informed group. The knowledge of cancer education proved to be above average in the age group between 30 and 60 years. Persons with ample knowledge on melanoma education demonstrated more motivation to take part in cancer prevention examinations and also in examinations relating to other organ systems. Thus, the necessity of cancer screening examinations was substantially more often a matter of course among women than among men. The occurrence of skin cancer on the own body as well as its occurrence in members of one's own family does not guarantee essential knowledge on melanoma education, although in the informed group the percentage of persons directly or indirectly affected by melanoma, was higher. With regard to the behaviour towards sunlight, young people dealt more cautiously and consciously with the sun than those aged 45 and over who had exposed themselves to sunlight without exercising any caution, especially in the past.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cutaneous responses to topical methyl nicotinate in human forearm and vulvar skin.

In order to identify and define differences in percutaneous absorption and microcirculatory sensitivity between forearm and vulvar skin we studied the response of human forearm and vulvar (labium majus) skin to topical methyl nicotinate (MN) in 11 healthy premenopausal volunteers. MN-induced erythema was assessed by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The following parameters were compared: 1) basal cutaneous blood flow, 2) the time to peak response, 3) the magnitude of LDV peak response, 4) the area under the LDV response-time curve and 5) the decay time to 75% of peak response. Basal cutaneous blood flow at the vulva was higher than at the forearm (P less than 0.05); the magnitude of peak response was lower at the vulva than at the forearm (P less than 0.01); the area under the curve was lower at the vulva than at the forearm (P less than 0.001); the decay time to 75% of peak response was shorter at the vulva than at the forearm (P less than 0.001). The time to peak response showed no significant differences between sites. The results indicate that the MN-induced vasodilatation is less intense and lasts shorter in vulvar compared to forearm skin.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

Contact allergies to topical corticosteroids: 10 cases of contact dermatitis.

Patients who noticed worsening of their skin disease after using topical corticosteroid preparations were patch tested both with the commercial preparation and the corticosteroid itself. Between 1987 and 1989, 10 cases of contact dermatitis due to topical corticosteroids were detected in this way. The corticosteroids wee amcinonide (2 patients), hydrocortisone butyrate, clobetasol propionate (2), betamethasone valerate (2), prednicarbate and fluocortolone (2). Patch tests with the commercial preparations and the corticosteroids themselves elicited reactions almost identical in time course and severity. Individual sensitivity seems to be more important for test results than test conditions. 9 of the 10 patients underwent further patch testing with a corticosteroid series. In 2 patients, a true cross-reaction between budesonide and hydrocortisone butyrate was found. All 9 patients showed further sensitivities to other corticosteroids. Most of the cross or concomitant reactions could be categorized into recently defined corticosteroid classes. To improve our understanding of corticosteroid sensitization, and to help the patient avoid reactions to other topical corticosteroids, a corticosteroid series should be patch tested in every case of corticosteroid sensitivity.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Intravenous single-dose ceftriaxone treatment of chancroid.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus ducreyi varies according to the geographic region. Increased resistance to trimethoprim and/or sulfamethoxazole led the Centers for Disease Control to recommend 250 mg ceftriaxone as a single intramuscular dose for chancroid. Intravenous or muscular routes of administration result in equivalent bioavailability. To avoid side effects such as syringe abscess and lidocaine intolerance, we prefer intravenous ceftriaxone therapy. The efficacy of this regimen is reported in 3 cases of chancroid. The intravenous administration of 1 g of ceftriaxone in chancroid seems to be as effective as administration by the intramuscular route, but it may lower the risk of syringe abscess, lidocaine intolerance and the emergence of resistant strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of vulvar irritancy potential of a menstrual pad containing sodium bicarbonate in short-term application.

The effect on the skin of menstrual pads containing sodium bicarbonate as a fragrance substitute and of sodium bicarbonate alone was studied in 50 healthy women. Skin changes were monitored by transepidermal water loss, capacitance, laser Doppler flowmetry, skin surface pH and visual scoring. No clinical signs developed after the volunteers had been patched with the menstrual pads for 24 hours. No subclinical vulvar skin irritant reactions were observed with bioengineering methods. The menstrual pads containing sodium bicarbonate as a deodorant did not significantly affect the vulva in short-term use.

Bandages↗
PubMed1991

Standardized trauma (tape stripping) in human vulvar and forearm skin. Effects on transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH.

Mechanical trauma to genital skin may favor the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. To study differences between vulvar and forearm skin in epidermal repair after standardized trauma, transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH of forearm and vulvar skin in 10 healthy premenopausal women were monitored for 7 days after a standardized trauma induced by tape stripping to glistening. Vulvar and forearm skin showed similar responses immediately after tape stripping: a sudden increase in transepidermal water loss and capacitance. Forearm skin, however, reacted more intensely than vulvar skin; forearm skin readings remained significantly higher than normal values for 2 days after tape stripping, whereas vulvar skin readings were not significantly different from normal. Thus, vulvar skin did not respond as extensively as forearm skin, presumably because it is a less complete barrier against excess body water loss. On the other hand, vulvar skin seemed to recover faster from skin damage than forearm skin, probably because of its higher epidermal cell turnover.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sweet's syndrome associated with Salmonella typhimurium infection.

A 41-year-old woman presented with the typical clinical and pathohistological features of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (AFND). The disease had been preceded by diarrhoea and vomiting for 2 weeks. Stool cultures proved positive for Salmonella typhimurium infection. Antibiotic therapy and tapering oral steroids led to a complete remission of skin lesions within 2 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Sweet's syndrome associated with salmonellosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Effect of low-concentration sodium lauryl sulfate on human vulvar and forearm skin. Age-related differences.

The reactivity of forearm and vulvar skin to low-concentration sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was studied in 20 healthy women, 10 before and 10 after menopause. SLS at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% was applied to the forearm and labium majus for 24 hours. Skin changes were monitored with transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance (CAP) (as an indicator of stratum corneum hydration) and visual scoring (VS). In forearm skin, irritant dermatitis developed in most subjects, as indicated by a VS and TEWL increase, with the reaction in premenopausal women significantly more intense than in postmenopausal women. In vulvar skin, however, irritant reactions were not observed. CAP increased significantly in the forearm of premenopausal but not postmenopausal women, whereas it decreased significantly in postmenopausal vulvar skin. Thus, vulvar skin was less reactive to SLS at low concentrations than was forearm skin. However, SLS did affect vulvar skin stratum corneum hydration. The irritant response in the forearm decreased with age for all parameters studied, whereas in vulvar skin age-related differences in irritant reaction were limited to stratum corneum hydration.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome after L-tryptophan intake].

Since 1989 there has been an increasing number of reports on the association of L-tryptophan (LT) and eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). It has now become evident that the clinical picture of EMS can vary. We report two further cases reflecting the clinical spectrum of the disease. The first patient had been taking LT for 8 years before the onset of myalgia. Subsequently, this patient developed an illness clinically and histologically resembling eosinophilic fasciitis. The second patient had been taking LT for 8 months before the onset of symptoms, which included myalgia, severe oedema of the lower extremities and induration of the skin involving arms, lower legs and abdomen. Discontinuation of LT and administration of oral steroids resulted in little improvement of the skin changes in the first patient. However, in the second patient skin involvement improved rapidly, whereas the neurological disorders have become more prominent.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1991

[The value of Gardnerella-vaginalis-culture in bacterial-vaginitis- score-confirmed bacterial vaginosis].

The relative value of a semiquantitative Gardnerella vaginalis culture for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was studied in 113 women attending a STD clinic. The standard diagnosis of BV was based on the BV score, which is a 10-point grading system to evaluate gram-stained vaginal samples objectively and reproducibly. The sensitivity of G. vaginalis culture for the diagnosis of BV was 28%, while the specificity was 89%. The positive and the negative predictive values were 50% and 76% for G. vaginalis culture in our population. Our data suggest that G. vaginalis culture cannot be recommended for the routine diagnosis of BV. However, G. vaginalis culture will detect asymptomatic women with high vaginal colonization with G. vaginalis. Further studies are needed to find whether these women are at risk of developing BV.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

[Local treatment of disseminated granuloma anulare with a vitamin E emulsion].

The treatment of granuloma annulare is still unsatisfactory. A number of topical and systemic therapies have been tried, some of which can improve the condition, but serious side effects are possible with those reported so far. We treated a patient with disseminated granuloma annulare by local application of a vitamin E emulsion and achieved a marked improvement within as little as 12 days.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Giant lichenification of the vulva with marked ulcerations. A case report.

A case of vulvar giant lichenification of Pautrier showed uncommon ulcerations in the center of hyperplastic verrucoid plaques. The diagnosis was made from the history, clinical findings and characteristic features on the skin biopsy. Other causes of vulvar ulcers, such as venereal disease, chronic bullous and autoimmune diseases, and neoplastic conditions were excluded. We treated the patient with systemic antihistamines, topical antiseptics and corticosteroids, and sublesional injections of triamcinolone. The itch-scratch cycle was interrupted by the patient's wearing cotton gloves at night. Complete healing of the ulcers and an improvement in the pruritus was achieved within 14 weeks.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Sodium lauryl sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis in vulvar and forearm skin of premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Reactivity of the skin of the forearm and labia majora to three concentrations (2%, 3%, 5%) of sodium lauryl sulfate was studied in 20 healthy women, 10 premenopausal and 10 postmenopausal. Patches with the irritant were applied on day 0 for 24 hours. Skin changes were monitored by visual scoring and by the measurement of transepidermal water loss and capacitance as indicators of stratum corneum hydration on days 2, 3, 7, and 10. In forearm skin, irritant dermatitis developed in the majority of subjects as indicated by visual scoring and increase of transepidermal water loss. These changes were not significantly dependent on the concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate. In labia majora skin, irritant dermatitis developed in 50% of the women as determined by visual scoring; however, because of the pigmentation, visual scoring readings were less reliable in labia majora skin. Transepidermal water loss did not increase, but a significant and immediate decrease in capacitance was noted in labia majora skin. In forearm skin, postmenopausal women reacted less frequently and more slowly to sodium lauryl sulfate than premenopausal women whereas no age-related differences were observed in reaction of the vulvar skin. It is concluded that labia majora skin is not more reactive to sodium lauryl sulfate than forearm skin and that capacitance is more sensitive than transepidermal water loss in monitoring vulvar irritant dermatitis. Age-related differences in irritant reaction are apparent in the forearm, but not the vulva.

Adult↗