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Biomedical subjects

P Eneroth

Publications and source records attributed to P Eneroth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Peri- and postoperative changes in serum levels of four tumor markers and three acute phase reactants in benign and malignant gynecological diseases.

Serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 125, tissue polypeptide antigen, CRP, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin were determined peri- and postoperatively in patients undergoing surgery for benign gynecological disease (n = 18) and postoperatively in women operated for cervical carcinoma (n = 23). The only significant changes seen after premedication, during anesthesia and during surgery were a decrease in serum concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin. We found no postoperative changes in the serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen nor in carcinoembryonic antigen values. However, the latter analyte was influenced by smoking habits. Elevated levels of CA 125 and tissue polypeptide antigen were found in the cancer patients, predominantly within the first 1-3 weeks after surgery. These levels decreased to normal values within 4-6 weeks postoperatively. The median intraindividual coefficients of variation for the tumor markers ranged between 15% and 28% in 30 control women not having surgery. In general, it would seem advisable to wait 6 weeks after surgery before monitoring with CA 125 and TPA is started.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Blood levels of melatonin, serotonin, cortisol, and prolactin in relation to the circadian rhythm of platelet serotonin uptake.

Blood levels of melatonin, serotonin, cortisol, prolactin, and serotonin uptake by platelets were measured at 08:00, 14:00, 20:00, 02:00, and 08:00 hours in 10 healthy men who ranged in age from 27 to 35 years. The Km values of serotonin active transport by platelets were significantly correlated with melatonin blood levels. There were no other significant correlations. The secretion of steroid hormones and prolactin showed an increase at 02:00 hours; levels of prolactin decreased at 08:00 hours, but steroid levels continued to rise. This finding suggests either a direct effect of melatonin on serotonin active transport or the influence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on serotonin uptake by platelets. It is also possible that there is a simultaneous decrease in serotonin uptake and decline from peak levels of melatonin due to the rise in steroid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Short-term restraint stress and s.c. saline injection alter the tissue levels of substance P and cholecystokinin in the peri-aqueductal grey and limbic regions of rat brain.

Rats were exposed to short-term restraint (held by the tail for 1 min), injected s.c. with saline or subjected to the combination of these treatments. Fifteen and 30 min after these treatments the means serum corticosterone level was significantly increased by more than four times, compared to rats taken directly from their home cages, indicating a stress response. In the peri-aqueductal grey, the level of substance P-like immunoreactivity was increased by 45% (P < 0.01) and 65% (P < 0.01) 30 and 60 min after the combined treatment, respectively. Significant increases of the level of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the peri-aqueductal grey were also found after restraint only and after a s.c. saline injection. Similar, but less marked, changes in the level of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the PAG were also seen. In the accumbens a significantly decreased level of substance P-like immunoreactivity was encountered at 15 and 30 min after treatment, while the levels of cholecystokinin- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity were not significantly changed. In other regions studied, no effects on peptide levels were seen. The changes in peptide levels had a time course similar to that of the increase in serum corticosterone. Also the successive removal of rats from a common cage was found to increase significantly the serum corticosterone and the substance P-like immunoreactivity in the peri-aqueductal grey in the animals that were taken late in sequence from the cage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Techno-stress. A psychophysiological study of employees with VDU-associated skin complaints.

Little is known about the causes of health complaints associated with work with video display units (VDUs). The symptoms are to a large degree similar to those of "multiple chemical sensitivity." We observed 47 white-collar employees with and without VDU-associated skin complaints during a regular workday and a day of leisure. VDU workers with skin symptoms had higher levels of the stress-sensitive hormones thyroxin and prolactin compared with employees without symptoms. They also had lower levels of the anabolic hormone testosterone during work. VDU workers with skin complaints also reported more occupational mental strain. A model is proposed in which physiological signals act as unconditioned stimuli and the VDU environment as the conditioned stimuli.

Arousal↗
PubMed1979

Acute effects of zimelidine and alaproclate, two inhibitors of serotonin uptake, on neuroendocrine function.

The accumulation of 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine in human platelets in vitro and plasma levels of a number of hypophyseal hormones and cortisol in healthy male volunteers were determined after acute oral administration of zimelidine and alaproclate, two selective inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT) uptake. Alaproclate (100 mg) significantly inhibited the accumulation of 14C-5-HT by 42% at 90 minutes but showed no significant effect at 4 hours. At 200 mg the decrease in the accumulation was 55% after 90 minutes and 31% after 4 hours. Zimelidine (200 mg) caused a 72% decrease at 90 minutes and 73% at 4 hours. Plasma levels of prolactin, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone remained unchanged after zimelidine and alaproclate, and the levels were comparable to those after placebo. A physiological decline of plasma cortisol levels was noted in the morning during the test period of 4 hours, but there were slight differences in the secretory pattern after the different drugs used.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Central control of lactogenic receptors in liver membranes: effect of hypothalamic deafferentation.

The regulation by the central nervous system of a lactogenic receptor, present in the rat liver, was studied. The receptor, which is present in very low concentration or absent in the male rat, can be induced by anterior hypothalamic deafferentation, resulting in a typically female level of the receptor in lesioned male animals. Our observations indicate an important role of the brain in regulation of peripheral lactogenic receptors.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1979

Treatment with a single vaginal suppository containing 15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester at expected time of menstruation.

Termination of early pregnancy, by vaginal administration of prostaglandin analogues, one to three weeks after the first missed menstrual period, has advantages and disadvantages in comparison with vacuum aspiration. Some of these may be reduced if the patient is treated earlier. In the present study the effect and safety of one vaginal administration of 2.5 to 3 mg 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha methyl ester around the expected time of menstruation was evaluated in 16 women exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The overall number of treatment cycles was 35 and pregnancy was confirmed by plasma beta-HCG in eight. The treatment resulted in bleeding in all the pregnant cycles while in the nonpregnant ones it only provoked spotting and bleeding did not begin until the expected time of menstruation. Treatment with 2.5 mg 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha methyl ester resulted in complete abortion in one of three women. If the dose was increased to 3 mg all five treated women aborted. In nonpregnant patients no changes in the levels of estradiol-17 beta or progesterone at any time during the 24-hour observation period were found. Serum cortisol and prolactin but not TSH levels started to increase two hours after the start of treatment and reached a maximum after five hours. The increase coincided with the onset of uterine pain. Ovulatory cycles as judged from basal body temperature occurred in the first menstrual cycle following treatment in all nonpregnant patients. Although possible to use as a "once a month treatment" it seems preferable since the dose is the same, to postpone treatment until menstruation is delayed for a week or more.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Reduction of androstenedione by skin in vitro and serum levels of gonadotrophins and androgens in men with hypospadias.

The reduction of 4-[1,2-3H]androstene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) in vitro by scrotal skin was measured in samples from nine men (16--34 years old) with hypospadias and from ten male control subjects. The reduction of androstenedione was also studied in axillary and upper arm skin of seven control subjects. Androstenedione was reduced to material with chromatographic characteristics of 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione and to 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one. No difference in 5 alpha-reductase activity (defined as the sum of these three metabolites formed) was found in scrotal skin from hypospadic and control men. The mean concentration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in serum from men with hypospadias was lower than that in serum from control subjects (P less than 0.01). The mean ratio of the serum concentrations of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was higher in hypospadic men than in control subjects (P less than 0.05). No differences between the two groups were found in the mean serum concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone or testosterone-binding globulin.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1979

A sexually dimorphic rhythm in oestradiol-activated lordosis behaviour in the rat.

Ovariectomized rats exposed to constant plasma levels of oestradiol showed a daily rhythm in lordosis behaviour, with high levels of lordosis occurring during the dark portion of the daily light: darkness cycle and low levels during the light period. Similarly treated male rats failed to show a rhythm in lordosis behaviour. However, neonatal castration permitted the expression of the lordosis rhythm in male rats; conversely, an injection of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate on day 4 of life abolished the rhythm in female rats. Pinealectomy, adrenalectomy or depletion of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine levels did not affect the periodicity in lordosis behaviour but lesions in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus disrupted the rhythm. It is suggested that the daily rhythm in lordosis behaviour participates in the control of the termination of heat in the female rat and that the perinatal hormone milieu may exert permanent effects on periodic functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Beta-HCG in serum was analysed in 64 cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy who wree different groups; ruptured ectopic pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy accompanied by amenorrhea or adnexal mass and ectopic pregnancy without palpable adnexal mass and amenorrhea. The mean HCG levels for the three groups were 8 790 IU/l, 2 580 IU/l and 690 IU/l, respectively, which related more to the symptoms than to the estimated length of pregnancy. Eleven per cent of the women had an IUD and five per cent were taking low dose gestagens. Screening of cases with acute lower abdominal pain or irregular vaginal bleeding with beta-HCG in serum will facilitate an early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and be of special value in patients with less typical symptoms.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1979

In vitro preservation of human pituitary tumours in organotypic differentiation.

Three types of human pituitary adenomas--growth hormone producing, prolactin producing, as well as endocrinologically inactive ('chromophobe') tumours--were explanted to an in vitro system for organ culture. After one month, surviving hypophyseal cells demonstrated preserved hormone activity and no dedifferentiation of cell characteristics. During the first weeks in culture, close similarity existed between in vivo and in vitro conditions with regard to cell survival/cell morphology and physiological function/hormone release.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Localization and possible function of peptidergic neurons and their interactions with central catecholamine neurons, and the central actions of gut hormones.

The localization of various neuropeptides is described in the gut and in the hypothalamus in the rat. Evidence is given for the presence of material resembling corticotropin-like intermediate peptide in arcuate and periarcuate neurons, projecting to various hypothalamic nuclei, limbic areas and the thalamus. beta-Endorphin and glucagon decrease dopamine turnover in the median eminence, while secretin increases dopamine turnover and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has no effect. beta-Endorphin, VIP, secretin, and glucagon all produce discrete changes in norepinephrine turnover in various hypothalamic nuclei. Mainly increases of norepinephrine turnover were observed. These catecholamine turnover changes appear to cause changes in the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone. The results therefore indicate that gut hormones and opioid peptides may act directly on the hypothalamus on specific types of receptors to participate in the control of hypothalamic functions such as control of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary and of food intake. It seems possible that gastrointestinal peptides released from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation under certain circumstances could reach the hypothalamus and modulate its activity via the above-mentioned mechanisms. It may therefore be speculated that disturbances in gastrointestinal functions could lead to pathological changes in food intake via modulation of hypothalamic activity.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

Direct and indirect effects of docosanol (IK.2), the active principle in Tadenan, on the rat prostate.

To better understand the mode of action of Tadenan, a drug used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the effect of its active principle docosanol, IK.2, was investigated in rats. IK.2 had no effects on the weight and histologic appearance of the prostate in intact rats but increased the RNA/DNA quotient in the ventral prostate. The plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone and testosterone were reduced. In orchiectomized animals IK.2 increased the weight of the prostate and the adrenals. In adrenalectomized, orchiectomized animals IK.2 did not increase prostatic weight but on the contrary caused a further weight reduction. IK.2 had a thymolytic effect in intact rats but not in adrenalectomized rats in which the thymus weight was increased. The results indicate that IK.2 increases adrenal steroid secretion. The supposedly higher concentration of adrenal androgens causes a stimulation of the prostate most easily discernible in orchiectomized animals. The further weight reduction of the ventral prostate in orchiectomized, adrenalectomized animals, and the increased thymus weight in adrenalectomized animals after IK.2 administration may suggest that IK.2 has effects other than the stimulatory effect on the adrenals.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1978

Cervical bacterial flora in infertile and pregnant women.

The cervical bacterial flora in early pregnancy, labour, and infertility was assessed qualitatively. The cervix harboured several types of bacteria in both pregnant and infertile women. In the latter group, however, fewer species were found. The incidence of a mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora differed significantly between patient categories as did the frequency with which only aerobic isolates were obtained. There was also a significant difference between patient groups with regard to the incidence of anaerobic isolates. Among the anaerobic bacteria, peptostreptococci and bacteroides species were the dominating ones whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most prevalent aerobic bacteria. Lactobacilli constituted 29--44% of the anaerobic bacteria found in the pregnant cervix and 52% of those found in the infertile cervix. The distribution of different aerobes as well as anaerobes was similar in pregnant and infertile patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Carcinoembryonic antigen and other tumor markers in tissue and serum or plasma of patients with primary mammary carcinoma.

50 patients with primary breast cancer were studied to determine the CEA and HCG contents in their tumor cells before any treatment was initiated. Tumor cells were obtained by needle biopsy and each tumor cell population was stained by immunofluorescence. In 21 of the 50 patients, CEA containing cells were found in a frequency ranging from 5 to 80% of the tumor cell population. The results were confirmed by radioimmunoassay of tumor extracts. No apparent relation was seen to cytologic type or grade of differentiation. HCG was detected by IF in 4 tumors with an apocrine cytologic cell type. The level of CEA in plasma was determined before treatment and followed for 2-6 months in 72 patients. CEA was the only measured serum parameter that correlated initially with size and extent of the localized tumor. It was too low to be of use for monitoring primary disease, but should be of value in early detection of metastasis. Posttreatment a low or decreased plasma CEA was seen more often in patients who had had curative treatment than in those given palliative radiation. No raised serum HCG levels were found. Raised serum liver enzymes did not predict the extent of the primary tumor but may be an indication of distant spread. Tumor CEA content and CEA plasma concentration were correlated, although not very strongly. This means that CEA, although present in the tumor, is not always released in measurable amounts.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗