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Biomedical subjects

P F Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to P F Hoffman.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Carbocyclic nucleosides as inhibitors of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha production: effects of the stereoisomers of (3-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenines.

A series of four structurally related carbocyclic nucleosides (6a, 6b, 10a, and 10b) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production from human primary macrophages. These compounds had little effect on the production of IL-1 beta and IL-6. It was determined that compound 10a was the most potent inhibitor of TNF-alpha production (IC50 = 10 microM), having 2-5-fold more activity compared to its enantiomer 10b or its diastereomers 6a and 6b. In addition, these compounds were also tested for their ability to protect mice against lethal challenges of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-Gal). Compound 10a showed superior protective effects (100% protection) compared to its enantiomer 10b or its diastereomers 6a and 6b when it was administered to mice which were challenged with 3 times the LD100 dose of LPS.

Adenine↗
PubMed1990

A sick child day care unit in a military hospital.

Sick child day care units have been developed to provide care for children who are excluded from day care because of illness. We implemented a sick child day care unit at a military hospital. In the first year of operation, 526 children were admitted to the unit, with a daily average of 1.9 children and a range of 0-9 children. The most common admission diagnoses were: otitis media (21.3%), upper respiratory infection (19.4%), gastroenteritis (10.6%), and viral syndrome (10.5%). A sick child day care unit in a military hospital can provide a useful service to dependent children, their parents, and the military.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Ambulatory care teams: the dehassling of Air Force medicine.

Lack of complete outpatient medical records is a chronic problem. Most facilities are only able to find 60% to 70% of records for appointments. Many records have incomplete laboratory and x-ray information. A program utilizing Ambulatory Care Teams (ACTS) was tested at the Air Force hospital at Carswell AFB. Records were pulled 48 hours prior to appointments, and the day prior to the appointment clinics endeavored to locate 100% of the records and reports. During a 1-year test period the staff at Carswell was able to produce or account for 98.2% of all medical records for more than 102,000 scheduled appointments.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1983

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of MDL 19,592, an oral cephalosporin.

MDL 19,592 is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with a good therapeutic potential against Gram-positive bacterial infections when administered orally or parenterally. In the oral treatment of benzylpenicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice, MDL 19,592 was superior to cephalexin, cephradine, cefaclor, cefadroxil and cefroxadine. These in vivo results reflect the in vitro superiority expressed by MDL 19,592 over the other oral cephalosporins against staphylococci. Additionally, MDL 19,592 orally was superior to cefazolin and cephalothin administered subcutaneously and to a number of penicillinase-resistant penicillins given orally or subcutaneously in the treatment of S. aureus mouse infections. MDL 19,592 killed S. aureus cells at the same or faster rate than did cephalexin or cephradine. As compared to cephalexin, MDL 19,592 was marginally superior in vitro against Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In vivo, MDL 19,592 was significantly the more effective of the two against S. pyogenes and marginally more effective against S. pneumoniae. Against Gram-negative organisms, with the exception of Haemophilus influenzae, cephalexin was the more potent of the two antibiotics both in vitro and in vivo. Administered orally to mice, MDL 19,592 was absorbed as rapidly as cephalexin with both drugs attaining similar concentrations in the blood. MDL 19,592, like cephalexin, was minimally bound by mouse serum.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

beta-lactam antibiotics derived from nitrogen heterocyclic acetic acids. 2. Cephalosporin derivatives.

Three cephalosporin derivatives were prepared from 1,4-dihydro-4-oxypyridine-1-acetic acid. These were the 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) derivative and the compounds with 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazole-5-thiol at C-3 of the cephalosporin nucleus. The antibacterial activity of the 7-ACA derivative was comparable to cephalothin, and that of the other two derivatives was comparable to cefazolin. The 7-ACA derivative, compared to cephalothin, was significantly less metabolized, was less protein bound, and had a longer half life.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.

A number of orally active cephalosporins and penicillins with interesting biological activity were synthesized. Two of these, 7-[[[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]glycyl]amino]deacetoxycephalosporanic acid and 7-[[2-(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)glycyl]amino]deacetoxycephalosporanic acid were considerably more active than cephalexin both in vitro and in vivo against staphylococcal and streptococcal infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Suicidal ingestion of isoniazid: an uncommon cause of metabolic acidosis and seizures.

Despite the widespread use of isoniazid, suicidal ingestion is rare. Two patients are presented who ingested 5 gm and 12 gm respectively, both having seizures within two hours and severe metabolic adisosis. They were treated successfully with intravenous administration of diazepam and bicarbonate, and forced diuresis. Both patients showed a mild rise in levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Physicians should be alerted to the possibility of isoniazid ingestion in patients with an unexplained severe metabolic acidosis and seizures.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A sensitive bioassay for teicoplanin in serum in the presence or absence of other antibiotics.

A teicoplanin bioassay has been developed that is accurate, sensitive, and reliable. A linear relationship is obtained between the diameter of the zone of inhibition and log10 teicoplanin concentration in human serum over the range of 0.15 or 1.25 to 96 micrograms/ml using wells or paper filter disks, respectively. The assay medium devised consists of 50 g BBL Mueller-Hinton II Agar, 30 g NaCl, 8 g CaCl2, and 1.0 g citric acid (monohydrate) per liter of deionized water (resulting pH 5.1 +/- 0.1) and the assay organism Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. This system allows the assay of teicoplanin in the presence of commonly used aminoglycosides and in the presence of beta-lactams after inactivation by beta-lactamase. Additionally, it has the potential to be used in the presence of rifampin by using a rifampin-resistant strain of B. subtilis.

Aminoglycosides↗