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Biomedical subjects

P F Moore

Publications and source records attributed to P F Moore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Multicentric T-cell lymphosarcoma in an alpaca.

A two-year-old female alpaca with multicentric lymphosarcoma presented because of progressive weakness and recumbency. The diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was based on the detection of immature and atypical lymphocytes in a lumbosacral CSF sample. Post mortem examination confirmed multicentric lymphosarcoma involving multiple organs. Immunophenotyping using cross reactive T- and B-cell antibodies characterized the tumour as a T-cell lymphosarcoma.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma with secondary leukemia: primary intestinal origin with predominance of a CD3/CD8(alpha)(alpha) phenotype.

Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) neoplasia in 21 cats were examined. All cats were domestic short (19) or long hair (2) with a mean age of 9.3 years at diagnosis. Increased peripheral blood LGL counts were present in 18/21 cats. Neutrophilia (12/21 cats) and increased serum liver enzymes (7/12), total and direct bilirubin (7/13), BUN (5/14), and creatinine (2/14) were observed. Cats usually presented with advanced disease and none survived longer than 84 days (mean 18.8 days) postdiagnosis. Cytologically, LGLs had a mature (6/21), immature (13/21), or mixed (2/21) morphology. Necropsy lesions consisted of neoplastic lymphoid infiltrates in the jejunum, ileum, and duodenum in decreasing order of frequency. In the small intestine, mucosal ulceration (9/13) and epitheliotropism of neoplastic cells (9/13) were common. Neoplastic infiltrates were also present in the mesenteric lymph nodes (13/13), liver (12/13), spleen (8/13), kidneys (5/7), and bone marrow (5/7). A T cell phenotype (CD3epsilon+) characterized LGL neoplasia in 19/21 cases. A CD8alphaalpha+ cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype was present in 12/19 T cell tumors, 2 had a CD4+CD8alphaalpha phenotype, 3 had a CD4-CD8- phenotype, and 2 were CD4+ helper T cells. CD8beta chain expression was not detected in any instance. In two cats, a B or T cell origin could not be established. CD103 was expressed by 11 of 19 (58%) of the lymphomas tested. The immunophenotypic features shared by neoplastic LGLs in the cat and feline intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) support a small intestinal IEL origin for feline LGL lymphoma.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Canine indolent nodular lymphoma.

Sixty-six cases of indolent canine lymphoid proliferation were reviewed. Age ranged from 1.5 to 16 years (median 9.0 years). Dogs of 26 breeds, plus 13 of mixed breeding or unknown lineage, were represented. B-Cell lymphomas (CD79a+) predominated. Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), the largest group, involved lymph node (33 cases) and spleen (13 cases), with both tissues involved in five of these cases. Follicular lymphoma (FL) involved lymph nodes (five cases), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) occurred as solitary splenic masses (three cases). Nodal CD3+ T-zone lymphomas (TZL) (10 cases), were included since they resembled late-stage MZL at the architectural level. Two cases of marginal zone hyperplasia (MZH) were included to aid in differentiation of early MZL. Clonality status was determined in 54 cases by analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) and T-cell antigen receptor gamma (TCRG) gene rearrangement. Clonal rearrangement of IGH was detected in 28 of 35 MZL cases (80%), four of four FL cases (100%) and three of three MCL cases (100%). Concurrent cross lineage rearrangement of TCRG was detected in six MZL and two FL cases. Clonal rearrangement of TCRG was documented in five of eight TZL cases (63%). Limited survival data obtained for 18 dogs indicated that the B-cell lymphomas (MZL, MCL, and FL) and the T-cell lymphoma (TZL) were associated with indolent behavior and long survival. Although to the authors' knowledge, the true incidence of canine indolent lymphomas is unknown, the tumors are not rare and may have been underrecognized. Recognition of their architectural features, routine application of immunophenotyping, and molecular clonality assessment should alleviate this.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Canine hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma: a proliferative disorder of CD11d+ macrophages.

Histiocytic disorders of dogs include histiocytoma, localized histiocytic sarcoma (HS), disseminated HS (malignant histocytosis), and the reactive histiocytoses: cutaneous and systemic. A common element to these diseases is proliferation of dendritic cells (DC) of either Langerhans cell (epithelial DC) or interstitial DC lineage. In this report, 17 dogs with hemophagocytic HS are described. Breeds affected included Bernese Mountain Dog (6), Golden Retriever (4), Rottweiler (3), Labrador Retriever (2), a mixed-breed dog, and a Schnauzer, which were from 2.5 to 13 years old. The dogs presented with Coombs negative responsive anemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), thrombocytopenia in 15/17 dogs (88%), hypoalbuminemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), and hypocholesterolemia in 11/16 dogs (69%). All dogs died or were euthanized. The clinical course ranged from 2 to 32 weeks (mean 7.1 weeks). Diffuse splenomegaly with ill-defined masses was consistently present. Microscopic lesions were prevalent in spleen, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Metastasis occurred by insidious intravascular invasion with minimal mass formation. Histiocytes were markedly erythrophagocytic and accompanied by foci of extramedullary hemopoiesis. Cytologically, the histiocytes varied from well differentiated to atypical, with atypia more prevalent in spleen than bone marrow. These tumors arose from splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages, which expressed major histocompatibility complex class II and the beta2 integrin, CD11d. They had low and/or inconsistent expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are dominantly expressed by canine nonhemophagocytic HS of DC origin. Canine histiocytic proliferative diseases now encompass proliferation of all members of the myeloid histiocytic lineage: Langerhans cells, interstitial DC, and macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Feline progressive histiocytosis.

Histiocytic proliferative diseases include reactive and neoplastic proliferations of dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages. Various forms of DC proliferations have been documented in humans and dogs; their etiology is largely unknown. With the exception of a few case reports, histiocytic proliferations have not been characterized in cats. This study summarizes clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features of a feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH) in 30 cats. There was no breed or age predilection. Females were more often affected than males. Solitary or multiple nonpruritic firm papules, nodules, and plaques had a predilection for feet, legs, and face. Lesions consisted of poorly circumscribed epitheliotropic (13/30) and nonepitheliotropic (17/30) histiocytic infiltrates of the superficial and deep dermis, with variable extension into the subcutis. The histiocytic population was relatively monomorphous early in the clinical course. With disease progression, cellular pleomorphism was more frequently encountered. Histiocytes expressed CD1a, CD1c, CD18, and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. This immunophenotype suggests a DC origin of these lesions. Coexpression of E-cadherin, a feature of cutaneous Langerhans cells, was only observed in 3 cats. FPH followed a progressive clinical course; the lesions, however, were limited to the skin for an extended period of time. Terminal involvement of internal organs was documented in 7 cases. Treatment with chemotherapeutics or immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs was not successful. The etiology of FPH remains unknown. FPH is best considered an initially indolent cutaneous neoplasm, which is mostly slowly progressive and may spread beyond the skin in the terminal stage.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Acute monocytic leukaemia in a cat.

A three-year-old cat with lymphadenopathy, non-regenerative anaemia and marked leucocytosis (171.3 x 10(9) white blood cells/l) was diagnosed with monocytic leukaemia and treated with a combination of anticancer drugs. A number of mature and immature monocyte-like cells were detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow; they proved to be monocytic cells by cytochemical examination and an analysis of their cell surface phenotype, indicating that the cat suffered from acute myeloid leukaemia, subclassified as monocytic leukaemia (M5). Treatment with cytarabine, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone greatly reduced the number of blast cells in the cat's peripheral blood and bone marrow. The cat was in partial remission for 67 days and survived for 95 days after it was first examined.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of feline immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes for the molecular diagnosis of B-cell neoplasia.

To develop a molecular-based assay so that the diagnosis of feline B-cell neoplasia can be facilitated, we have characterized 24 feline immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGH V) complementary DNA (cDNA) transcripts. Structural homology with rearranged human IGH V genes was found, and the sequence information was used to design a feline-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay to amplify the complementarity determining region 3 as a marker for B-cell clonality. Conserved primers derived from the second and third framework regions of V gene segments were used in conjunction with 2 sequence-specific primers and 1 degenerate primer derived from the J gene segments. Each PCR reaction was run in duplicate, and both native and denatured PCR products were evaluated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections from cats with confirmed B-cell neoplasia (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, plasmacytoma, and myeloma) were examined, and 15/22 (68.2%) cats produced results indicative of the presence of a monoclonal population of B cells. The evaluation of denatured PCR products (heteroduplex analysis) facilitated a more accurate interpretation in 3/15 (20%) cats. Pseudoclonality was a major reason for the failure to detect monoclonality. Poor DNA quality is a significant concern and was responsible for the removal of 2 cats from the study. Using this assay, FFPE normal feline lymphoid tissues and unfixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined to be composed of polyclonal populations of B cells. This assay represents a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and investigation of feline B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of cutaneous lymphocytosis in 23 cats.

Clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous lymphocytosis, an uncommon disease histologically resembling well-differentiated malignant lymphoma, were characterized in 23 cats. Clinical outcome was correlated with histomorphology and immunophenotype in an attempt to predict benign vs. malignant behaviour. The disease mainly affected older cats. Lesions were solitary in 61% of cats and often characterized by alopecia (73.9%), as well as erythema, scaling and ulceration. The lateral thorax was most commonly affected (43.5%). Pruritus was frequent (65.2%). Systemic signs included anorexia and weight loss. Morphologically, lesions were characterized by dermal infiltrations of well-differentiated CD3+ T-cells (100%) and aggregates of CD79+ B-cells (64.3%). Cutaneous lymphocytosis is slowly progressive and relatively benign, although in some cats systemic signs led to euthanasia. Four of 12 euthanized cats and one live cat also had lymphoid infiltrates in internal organs. Unfortunately, we were unable to predict clinical outcome by histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of skin lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Diagnosis of canine lymphoid neoplasia using clonal rearrangements of antigen receptor genes.

Although the diagnosis of canine leukemia and lymphoma in advanced stages is usually uncomplicated, some presentations of the disease can be a diagnostic challenge. In certain situations, lymphoma and leukemia can be difficult to distinguish from a benign reactive proliferation of lymphocytes. Because clonality is the hallmark of malignancy, we have developed an assay that uses the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes and T-cell receptor genes to detect the presence of a clonal lymphocyte population. The assay detected clonally rearranged antigen receptor genes in 91% of the 77 dogs with lymphoid malignancy. Of the 24 dogs tested, that were either healthy or had clearly defined conditions not related to lymphoid malignancy, a clonally rearranged antigen receptor gene was found in one (a dog with Ehrlichia canis infection). Gene rearrangement was appropriate for the immunophenotype (immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in B-cell leukemias and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in T-cell leukemias). Dilution analysis showed that the clonal rearrangement could be detected when 0.1-10% of the DNA was derived from neoplastic cells, depending on the source tissue. Potential applications of this assay include the diagnosis of lymphoma or leukemia in biopsy samples, cavity fluids, fine needle aspirates, bone marrow and peripheral blood; the determination of lineage (B or T cell); staging of lymphoma; and detection of residual disease after chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Hepatosplenic lymphoma in a dog.

We describe a case of a dog with hepatosplenic lymphoma, a disease characterized by infiltration of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow with gammadelta T cells, absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy, and an aggressive clinical course. Physical examination findings, hematologic and biochemical abnormalities, and clinical course of the disease in this patient were similar to those in humans. Immunophenotyping of liver and spleen aspirates supported an antemortem diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma consistent with hepatosplenic lymphoma. The diagnosis was confirmed postmortem by a combination of routine histopathology, showing a consistent pattern of organ involvement, and immunohistochemistry showing the infiltrating neoplastic lymphocytes to be T cells expressing the gammadelta T-cell receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hepatosplenic lymphoma in a dog.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma of dendritic cell origin in dogs.

Canine histiocytic proliferative disorders include a wide spectrum of diseases characterized by different biologic behaviors. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are largely unknown. The clinicopathologic, morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of canine localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma were examined in 39 dogs. Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, and retrievers were most commonly affected (79%). Localized histiocytic sarcomas (19 dogs) arose from a single site, and metastatic lesions were observed in draining lymph nodes. Predilection sites were subcutis and underlying tissues on extremities, but tumors occurred in other locations, including spleen, lung, brain, nasal cavity, and bone marrow. Disseminated histiocytic sarcomas (20 dogs), a multisystem disease previously described as malignant histiocytosis, primarily affected spleen, lungs, bone marrow, liver, and lymph nodes. Both localized and disseminated canine histiocytic sarcomas were composed of pleomorphic tumor cell populations. CD1+, CD4-, CD11c+, CD11d-, MHC II+, ICAM-1 +, Thy-1 +/- tumor cells were identified in all snap-frozen samples (31 dogs). This phenotype is characteristic for myeloid dendritic antigen-presenting cell lineage. Hence, canine localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcomas are likely myeloid dendritic cell sarcomas. Dendritic antigen-presenting cells are a heterogeneous cell population with regards to their ontogeny, phenotype, function, and localization. The exact sublineage of the proliferating dendritic antigen-presenting cells involved in canine histiocytic sarcomas remains to be determined. Phenotypic analysis of formalin-fixed tissues from eight dogs was limited by available markers. Morphologic features and the phenotype CD18+, CD3-, and CD79a- were the most useful criteria to indicate likely histiocytic origin.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Engraftment of DLA-haploidentical marrow with ex vivo expanded, retrovirally transduced cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Genetically modified donor T cells with an inducible "suicide" gene have the potential to improve the safety and availability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by enhancing engraftment and permitting control of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, several clinical studies of gene-modified T cells have shown limited to no in vivo function of the ex vivo expanded T cells. Using the well-established dog model of allogeneic marrow transplantation, the question was asked if retrovirally transduced, donor derived, ex vivo expanded cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that are recipient specific could enhance engraftment of dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-haploidentical marrow following a single dose of 9.2 Gy total body irradiation and no postgrafting immunosuppression. In this setting, only 4 of 11 control recipients of DLA-haploidentical marrow without added CTLs engrafted. CTLs did not enhance engraftment of CD34(+) selected peripheral blood stem cells. However, recipient-specific CTLs enhanced engraftment of DLA-haploidentical marrow in 9 of 11 evaluable recipients (P =.049). All dogs that engrafted developed multiorgan GVHD. To facilitate in vivo tracking, 8 dogs received CTLs transduced with a retroviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and neomycin phosphotransferase (neo). Recipients that engrafted had sharp increases in the numbers of circulating GFP(+) CTLs on days +5 to +6 after transplantation. GFP(+) CTLs isolated from blood were capable of recipient-specific lysis. At necropsy, up to 7.1% of CD3(+) cells in tissues were GFP(+) and polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization for neo showed infiltration of transduced CTLs in GVHD-affected organs. These results show that ex vivo expanded, transduced T cells maintained in vivo function and enhanced marrow engraftment.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Regression of canine oral papillomas is associated with infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes.

Canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) infection is used in vaccine development against mucosal papillomaviruses. The predictable, spontaneous regression of the papillomas makes this an attractive system for analysis of cellular immunity. Immunohistochemical analysis of the timing and phenotype of immune cell infiltration revealed a marked influx of leukocytes during wart regression, including abundant CD4+ and CD8+ cells, with CD4+ cells being most numerous. Comparison of these findings, and those of immunohistochemistry using TCRalphabeta-, TCRgammadelta-, CD1a-, CD1c-, CD11a-, CD11b-, CD11c-, CD18-, CD21-, and CD49d-specific monoclonal antibodies, with previously published work in the human, ox, and rabbit models revealed important differences between these systems. Unlike bovine papillomavirus lesions, those of COPV do not have a significant gamma/delta T-cell infiltrate. Furthermore, COPV lesions had numerous CD4+ cells, unlike cottontail rabbit papillomavirus lesions. The lymphocyte infiltrate in the dog resembled that in human papillomavirus lesions, indicating that COPV is an appropriate model for human papillomavirus immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate during IgE-mediated late phase reactions in the skin of normal and atopic dogs.

In canine and human atopic patients, the intracutaneous injection of offending allergens is followed by the development of both immediate and late-phase reactions. The present study was performed to expand on the characterization and dynamics of inflammatory cell subsets during IgE-mediated late-phase reactions in canine skin. Three normal dogs and three Dermatophagoides farinae-allergic dogs were selected for this experiment. All dogs were challenged intradermally with mite allergen, purified anticanine IgE antibodies (positive control) or phosphate-buffered saline (negative control). Skin biopsies were obtained before and 6, 12 and 24 h post-injection. Sections were stained with metachromatic and eosinophil-specific histological stains. Additionally, we used an immunohistochemical method with antibodies specific for canine leukocyte antigens. This study confirmed the occurrence of a late-phase reaction in atopic skin following allergen challenge, and in normal and atopic canine skin after intradermal injection of IgE-specific antibodies. Whereas early emigrating dermal cells were composed chiefly of neutrophil and activated eosinophil granulocytes, there was an influx of alpha beta T-lymphocytes and dermal dendritic cells in later stages of the late-phase reactions. Because IgE-mediated late-phase reactions resemble spontaneous atopic canine skin lesions, both at macroscopic and microscopic levels, we propose the use of similar challenges to study the anti-inflammatory effects of anti-allergic drugs in a pre-clinical setting.

Allergens↗
PubMed2001

Oestrogen and progestagen treated ovariectomized bitches: a model for the study of uterine function.

The aim of this study was to validate a model in ovariectomized bitches for the study of uterine function. Mature bitches (n = 21) were ovariectomized and treated with oestradiol benzoate (0.6-4.8 micrograms kg-1, i.m. twice each day) and then with progestagen (megestrol acetate, 2 mg kg-1, p.o. once a day) and were necropsied at stages simulating pro-oestrus (n = 2), oestrus (n = 2) and dioestrus (n = 2). Other bitches received oestradiol benzoate and then megestrol acetate and were necropsied 3 weeks (midanoestrous group, n = 2) and 9 weeks (late anoestrous group, n = 2) after treatment. Untreated bitches (n = 1 per group) served as controls. The treatments induced oestrous behaviour, vulvar swelling, vulval discharge, vaginal smears, plasma oestradiol concentrations and uterine histology similar to that reported in intact bitches at each stage of the oestrous cycle. Marked endometrial degeneration and increased numbers of endometrial leucocytes were observed in the mid-anoestrous group. The endometrium was repaired in the late anoestrous group. A suture was placed in the lumen of the uterus of another six bitches at ovariectomy. Four of these bitches were treated with oestradiol benzoate and then megestrol acetate. Two bitches with a suture but not treated with hormones served as controls. In the hormone-treated bitches the suture resulted in cystic endometrial hyperplasia in two bitches and in cystic endometrial hyperplasia with pyometra in two bitches. The control bitches showed no cystic endometrial hyperplasia or pyometra. We have established in the ovariectomized bitch a model simulating the normal oestrous cycle that will facilitate studies of uterine function. This model will be used to study further the mechanisms of the endometrial degeneration and the pathogenesis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Flow cytometric analysis of colonic and small intestinal mucosal lymphocytes obtained by endoscopic biopsy in the healthy dog.

Flow cytometric analysis of the lymphocyte population of the gut could provide useful information on the immune cells present in the gut that would not be easily obtained in tissue sections. However, little is known of the normal lymphocyte population in the canine gut as determined by flow cytometry, which allows for simultaneous staining of multiple cell surface antigens and identification of specific lymphocytic subsets. Therefore, intraepithelial lymphocytes were obtained from biopsies of the healthy canine proximal small intestine and colon taken with an endoscope, and flow cytometric analysis was used to characterize the lymphocyte subsets present. Endoscopic biopsy of the intestine is a minimally invasive technique commonly used for diagnostic purposes. Although CD3+ lymphocytes were the most abundant subset in both colon and small intestine, CD3+/CD8- lymphocytes predominated in the proximal small intestine, whereas CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes did in the colon. Canine CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were predominantly CD8alphabeta+ in both small intestine and colon. CD4+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were always much less numerous than CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes. As in man, a majority of intraepithelial lymphocytes expressed the T-cell receptor, TCRalphabeta, but TCRgammadelta was expressed by a third of intraepithelial T-cells in the proximal small intestine, and approximately 15% of those in the colon. Very few CD21+ lymphocytes were detected in samples of healthy canine colon and small intestinal intraepithelial cells. We have showed that canine intraepithelial lymphocytes are regionally specialized, and that those from the small intestine are unique in comparison to those of other species such as man and rodents due to the large numbers of CD3+/CD8- intraepithelial lymphocytes. This study provides a baseline for comparison with intraepithelial lymphocytes obtained from canine patients with intestinal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of the diffuse mucosal associated lymphoid tissue of feline small intestine.

Characterization of the feline intestinal mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) will facilitate investigation of intestinal disease in the cat and promote the cat as an animal model for a range of human diseases which involve the intestinal lymphoid tissue. This includes inflammatory bowel disease, viral and non-viral associated intestinal lymphomas and immunodeficiency associated syndromes. Morphologic and phenotypic characterization of the normal small intestinal diffuse MALT in 22 SPF cats was performed using flow cytometry and cytology on isolated intestinal leukocytes from the intra-epithelial and lamina proprial compartments, as well as immunohistology on tissues from the feline duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The intra-epithelial compartment (IEC) was dominated by lymphocytes (>85%) which frequently contained intracytoplasmic granules. The most striking findings in the IEC were the elevated percentages of CD8 alpha+ lymphocytes (40%), presumed to express CD8 alpha alpha chains, and CD4-/CD8- (double negative) lymphocytes (44%), and the consistent presence of a minor subpopulation of CD3+/CD11d+ IELs (6%). Small percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes (10%) were observed such that the IEL CD4:CD8 ratio (0.25) was low. The LPC also contained a majority of T cells and few plasma cells. However, this compartment had reduced percentages of CD8 alpha+ lymphocytes (28%) and increased percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes (27%) relative to the IEC. However, the LPL CD4:CD8 ratio (1.0) remained low compared with the ratio in peripheral blood. In feline MALT, MHC class II expression was lower than in other peripheral lymphoid compartments. The results of this study provide important reference values for future investigations involving feline intestinal lymphocytes and demonstrates that the leukocyte distribution and phenotypic characteristics of the feline diffuse MALT appear largely similar to the murine, rat and human counterparts.

Animals↗