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Biomedical subjects

P F Rust

Publications and source records attributed to P F Rust.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Time-related changes in the plasma concentrations of prolactin, gonadotropins, sex hormone-binding globulin, and certain steroid hormones in female runners after a long-distance race.

Running is associated with an increase in plasma concentrations of certain anterior pituitary hormones and adrenal steroids. This study reports such increases after a marathon race. Six trained female runners, 26 to 42 years old, participated in a marathon race. Fasting (resting) blood samples were collected a few weeks before the race (baseline) and immediately (0 hour), 1 hour, and 4 hours after the run. The data were analyzed with the use of two-way analyses of variance (F-test), paired t-test, and Page's test. At 0 hour, compared with baseline, significant increases were observed in the plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol (F), free T index (T/SHBG), and prolactin (PRL). At 1 hour, levels of these steroid hormones and PRL declined, some significantly. At 4 hours, levels of all hormones except DHEA-S returned to baseline. No significant changes were observed in concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), as evaluated by F-test. Running-associated changes in plasma hormonal concentrations revert to baseline in four hours, although DHEA-S may take a little longer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Physiological integrity of human sperm in the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Several species of Mycoplasma have been isolated from the human genital tract, the most common being M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. A causal relationship between such infections and sperm dysfunction and infertility has yet to be established. It was the purpose of this study to examine the effects of U. urealyticum infection on the function of sperm as assessed by seminal fluid analysis (SFA), in vitro penetration of bovine cervical mucus (BCMP), and the hamster sperm penetration assay (SPA). No significant differences were noted in the SFA of infected and uninfected samples, either fresh or frozen, fertile or infertile. In addition, no differences were noted in the BCMP or SPA. In sperm from U. urealyticum-infected individuals the basic physiological mechanisms underlying mucus penetration and ovum fertilization seem intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A computerized sperm motion analysis [published erraturm appears in Fertil Steril 1986 Nov;46(5):980].

Semen samples from 35 fertile men and husbands of 32 infertile couples were evaluated with the use of a rapid computerized sperm motion analysis (CSA). The counts and percentages of motile sperm measured by routine semen analysis (RSA) and CSA were comparable in both groups. In CSA, mean values of swimming speed (microns per second), linearity, and motility index of sperm in the fertile men were significantly higher than those in the infertile group. At 3 hours, the number of sperm moving at a speed of 21 to 30 microns/second were higher in the infertile group than in the fertile group. In contrast, the number of sperm moving at a speed of 31 to 50 microns/second and higher was increased in the fertile group over the infertile group. Good correlations were obtained between RSA and CSA sperm counts and percentages of progressively motile sperm. Sperm counts, percent motility, indices of motility, and mean sperm speed obtained by two observers with the use of CSA correlated well. It seems that the sperm speed and the motility index remain unaltered in repeat semen analyses of fertile men. It is concluded that a computerized analysis of sperm swimming speed is a reliable and rapid mode for evaluating semen samples and offers more discriminatory sperm motion characteristics than the RSA.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Cytotoxic sperm antibodies inhibit sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs.

Zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay was used to study the effects of cytotoxic sperm antibodies on egg penetration by the sperm of fertile and infertile men. Twenty-nine fertile and 9 infertile men did not have significant cytotoxic sperm antibodies in their serum and seminal plasma; 7 infertile men were positive for these antibodies in serum and seminal plasma. Two others were positive in sera, and 14 were positive in seminal plasma. Sperm from 18 of 23 (78%) infertile men with sperm antibodies had poor egg penetration (less than or equal to 20%) compared with only 6 of 38 (16%) nonautoimmune men (P less than 0.0001). Sperm from nonautoimmune fertile men were coated with seminal plasma and serum of autoimmune men and serum of isoimmune women, resulting in a significant decrease in hamster egg penetration. Sixteen of 21 (76%) seminal plasma samples with cytotoxic sperm antibodies reduced the control sperm penetration of hamster eggs by greater than or equal to 50%. Coating of sperm from fertile men with serum and seminal plasma samples from non-sperm-immune fertile and infertile subjects did not alter their penetration of hamster eggs. Coating of sperm from autoimmune men with cytotoxic antibody-positive autologous seminal plasma samples resulted in a significant decrease of egg penetration. The inhibitory effect of antibody-positive seminal plasma samples on egg penetration by control sperm was abrogated when the samples were preabsorbed with sperm. It is concluded that cytotoxic sperm antibodies, especially those in seminal plasma, inhibit hamster egg penetration by autologous and control sperm. This may explain in part the incidence of infertility associated with sperm antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Females' isoimmunity to sperm is associated with sperm autoimmunity in their husbands.

One hundred twenty-five fertile couples and 334 infertile couples were tested for the presence of cytotoxic and hemagglutinating antibodies to sperm. Elevated titers of sperm antibodies were absent in both partners of fertile couples. Of 79 infertile males with levels of sperm antibodies in the previously established negative range, 97% had wives who also had low titers of sperm antibodies. Of 255 infertile males positive for serum hemagglutinating antibodies, 56% had wives whose serum contained significant circulating hemagglutinating antibodies, while 93 of 202 (46%) males with significant cytotoxic antibody titers had wives whose serum contained elevated cytotoxic antibody titers. The females developed elevated titers of sperm antibodies in the serum and cervical mucus if their husbands had significant titers of hemagglutinating and cytotoxic sperm antibodies in the serum and seminal plasma samples. Females' isoimmunity to sperm was significantly associated with their husbands' autoimmunity to sperm and infertility.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1985

Anti-sperm antibodies, detected by agglutination, immobilization, microcytotoxicity and immunobead-binding assays.

To determine the reliability of tests currently utilized in the detection of sperm-reactive antibodies, sera were provided as unknowns and studied without knowledge of the clinical histories. Four laboratories performed tray agglutination tests (TAT), three complement-dependent immobilization (SIT), and single laboratories sperm cytotoxicity (SCT), passive haemagglutination (PHA) and immunobead binding (IBB). Most investigators demonstrated an excellent correlation between duplicate sample results. Nearly all of the female sera were free of anti-sperm antibodies and positive results did not appear in greater frequency in women with unexplained infertility as compared with other categories. For the male sera, the highest incidence of anti-sperm antibodies in the infertile group (21% positive for sperm-reactive IgGs) was obtained by immunobead binding. The GAT and TAT results gave 7 and 12% positives, except for lower results in one laboratory. Sperm-reactive antibodies were detected most commonly in vasectomized men, with all assays except SCT and PHA. Of the newer techniques studied, IBB results correlated well with TAT, GAT and SIT, while SCT and PHA did not, suggesting that a different group of antibodies, perhaps directed against other sperm-associated antigens, was being detected by the latter procedures. In this light, emphasis was placed on the need to validate whether results of particular methodologies correlated with impaired sperm function and to develop methods that provided evidence for this premise, either on the basis of clinical criteria or altered gamete interaction in vitro.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

Antibodies to A19 and Bw35 complexes of human leukocyte antigens are present in infertile subjects with sperm antibodies.

Sera and secretions from 100 couples with unexplained infertility were tested for sperm antibodies by cytotoxicity and passive hemagglutination and also for antibodies to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) by cytotoxicity assays. Lymphocytes of the study subjects were typed for 61 HLA-A and B alleles. Thirteen of 30 (43%) men with sperm autoimmunity also had HLA antibodies in their serum and/or seminal plasma samples, in contrast to 2 of 35 (6%) nonautoimmune males (P = 0.0003). Twenty-five of 35 (71%) sperm antibody-positive infertile women had HLA antibodies in their sera and/or secretions, while only 7 of 31 (23%) women without sperm antibodies were positive (P = 0.00007). Antibodies to HLA-A19 (A26, A29, AW30, AW31, AW32, AW33, and AW34) and Bw35 (B5, B15, B17, and B18) complexes were present in 19 of 22 (86%) infertile men and 44 of 48 (92%) infertile women positive for HLA antibodies (P less than 0.01). The presence of antibodies to HLA-A19 and/or Bw35 in the infertile subjects did not correlate with the presence of HLA-A19 and/or Bw35 in the husbands. The presence of antibodies to HLA-A19 and/or Bw35 in the cervical mucus of the infertile women correlated with their presence in the seminal plasma of their husbands. It is suggested that antibodies to sperm antigens cross-reactive with HLA-A19 and/or Bw35 may be relevant to infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sperm motility on postcoital testing correlates with male autoimmunity to sperm.

To assess whether or not immunologic factors in husbands, wives, or both, influence the motility of sperm in the female reproductive tract, hemagglutination and cytotoxicity sperm antibody (Ab) assays and postcoital tests (PCTs) were performed in 293 infertile couples. More couples without male autoimmunity to sperm (64% of 66; P less than 0.001) had greater than or equal to 10 motile sperm per high power field (adequate PCT), as compared with 26% of 122 couples with untreated male autoimmunity, 19% of 77 couples with corticosteroid-treated male autoimmunity without a pregnancy, and 36% of 28 couples with successfully treated male autoimmunity to sperm. Good correlation was obtained among pregnancy achievement, lack of sperm antibodies, and adequate sperm motility in the PCT (P less than 0.0001). Sperm motility in the PCT correlated positively with sperm motility in the semen and inversely with cytotoxic sperm Ab in the serum and seminal plasma of men and women and hemagglutinating sperm Ab in the cervical mucus samples. Sperm motility in the PCT has a predictive value of 72% for male autoimmunity and 57% for female isoimmunity to sperm in the presence of normal cervical mucus and in the absence of infections.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Physicians treating their own spouses: relationship of physicians to their own family's health care.

Fifty-one family physicians and a comparable group of 65 lawyers were surveyed to determine how each group treated the medical problems of their spouses. There was no significant difference between physician and lawyer controls in the treatment of headaches, sore throats, vomiting, depression, pregnancy, and warts. In fact, the controls treated back pain and stomachaches more often. The physicians treated earaches and deep lacerations more often. The physicians more frequently took a symptom history and examined their spouse. Both groups treated their spouses' headaches, sore throats, and stomachaches at a high rate. This study supports the impression from a literature review and case studies that unique multiple interacting factors determine whether a physician will treat his or her spouse. These factors are feeling of responsibility to answer a request for treatment, cost, convenience, confidentiality, lack of confidence, emotional involvement or detachment, ego needs, and legal considerations. It is concluded that (1) physicians do not generally treat their spouses more often, but they do evaluate their spouses' symptoms more often than do nonphysicians, and (2) the decision to treat by the physician may compromise good care for his or her spouse. It is recommended that physicians and their spouses have an alternative, nonrelated physician to care for their health.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cytotoxic antibodies to lymphocytes: relationship to sperm immunity.

Sperm and T lymphocytes share antigens, and sera from infertile subjects with sperm immunity have agglutinating antibodies to T lymphocytes. In the present study, cytotoxic antibody titers to sperm (C-Sp) and lymphocytes (C-Ly) were measured in sera, seminal plasma, cervical mucus and vaginal secretions of 52 infertile couples. The samples were divided into C-Sp negative and C-Sp positive groups. C-Ly titers against control T lymphocytes were significantly elevated in C-Sp positive sera of 35 males (P less than 0.005) and 27 females (P less than 0.05) as compared with C-Sp negative sera. C-Ly titers against autologous or partner T lymphocytes were similarly elevated in the sera of both groups. Titers of C-Ly in C-Sp positive secretions (seminal plasma, cervical mucus and vaginal secretions) against autologous and partner, as well as control, T lymphocytes were significantly elevated. In addition, elevated titers of C-Ly to autologous, partner and control B lymphocytes were observed in sera, cervical mucus and vaginal secretions from females with sperm immunity. The infertile males, however, did not have significant B lymphocyte immunity. Immunofluorescence assays revealed a significantly higher incidence of sperm and T lymphocyte antibodies (primarily IgG) in the C-Sp positive than in the C-Sp negative group. Titration of 100 sera from infertile subjects (50 couples) against a panel of lymphocytes of known HLA specificities failed to reveal a pattern of activity against HLA antigens of the A, B and C loci. Absorption of immune sera with sperm or lymphocytes reduced C-Sp and C-Ly titers significantly (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that infertile subjects with sperm immunity produce antibodies to cross-reactive antigens present on sperm and T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Association of human leukocyte antigens B7 and BW35 with sperm antibodies.

One hundred three infertile couples and 50 fertile couples were tested for the presence of sperm antibodies by passive hemagglutination and cytotoxicity assays and typed for human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) of the A and B loci. Fifty-four percent of the males and 43% of the females with sperm antibodies were found to have the HLA-B7 antigen, in contrast to 19% of a general population (P less than 0.0001). HLA-BW35 (a Workshop antigen of the B locus) was also present at a significantly increased antigenic frequency (P less than 0.00001) in those females with sperm antibodies. Of the 73 infertile couples with sperm antibodies, 79% shared the B7, B8, and/or BW35 alleles. Two of 12 infertile couples and 10 of 50 fertile couples without sperm antibodies shared these alleles. The significant association of HLA-B7 and BW35 alleles with sperm antibodies in infertile subjects suggests a selective disadvantage of these antigens in human reproduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sex-hormone-binding globulin in clinically hyperandrogenic women: association of plasma concentrations with body weight.

The relationship of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with actual body weight (ABW), ideal body weight (IBW), ABW as percentage of the IBW (% IBW), Quetelet index (weight/height2) and plasma concentrations of various androgens and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were studied in 9 normal and 57 hirsute patients (group 1). In hirsute patients, plasma levels (ng/dl, mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) of testosterone (T; 77 +/- 4), dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 26 +/- 2), androstenedione (delta 4A; 184 +/- 16), and SHBG (0.91 +/- 0.05 micrograms DHT/dl) but not of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA; 608 +/- 55) and E2 (6.1 +/- 0.1) were significantly different from those in controls. A negative correlation was observed between SHBG and ABW, both in controls (P less than 0.05) and hirsute patients (P less than 0.01). The hirsute patient population was subdivided into two groups: nonobese (group 2; 60 +/- 1 kg; n = 35) and obese (group 3; 96 +/- 2 kg; n = 22). Plasma androgens, T/SHBG (an index of free T) and E2 in groups 2 and 3 (T: 75 +/- 4, 81 +/- 7; DHT: 24 +/- 2, 28 +/- 3; T/SHBG: 85 +/- 7, 105 +/- 11; delta 4A: 203 +/- 13, 155 +/- 16; DHA: 663 +/- 83, 521 +/- 49; E2: 6.1 +/- 1.0, 5.8 +/- 0.9) were similar; yet SHBG in group 3 (0.75 +/- 0.04) was significantly lower than in group 2 (1.0 +/- 0.01). Inverse correlations between SHBG and ABW, % IBW, and ABW/H2 were observed in group 2 but not in group 3. We conclude that a negative relationship exists between SHBG and the body size in nonobese women and that in hirsute patients, obesity leads to a further lowering of SHBG through mechanism(s) probably independent of androgens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fetal cytotoxic antibodies to maternal T-lymphocytes: a possible mechanisms for maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft.

The absolute numbers of B lymphocytes and of total and "active" T lymphocytes in peripheral venous blood (Mv) from 15 females at the time of normal term deliveries were found to be significantly less (p less than 0.001) than in the fetal umbilical vein (Uv) or artery (Ua) or in the peripheral blood of 75 normal nonpregnant controls (Cv), suggesting that maternal cellular immunity at term is lowered. In 19 umbilical artery samples, titers of lymphocytotoxic antibodies (Cyt), expressed as the mean log of reciprocal titer values, were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 in each case)( than in matched maternal samples, against the following cell types: Maternal T cells (7.1 in Ua vs 1.21 in Mv sera); maternal B cells (3.23 vs 1.58); T cells (4.41 vs 1.38) but not B cells from other females at delivery; autologous T cells (2.9 vs 1.0); autologous B cells (1.88 vs 0.69); T (5.39 vs 0.81) and B (2.80 vs 1.25) cells from the paired Uv; T (3.78 vs 0.62) and B (2.64 vs 0.77) cells from the Uv of other newborn infants; and T (4.19 vs 2.0) but not B cells from controls (Cv). The highest Cyt titers in the umbilical artery samples were against maternal T lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that the Cyt antibodies were primarily IgG. Absorption of 13 other Ua sera with maternal T cells eliminated with Cyt activity against both Mv and Cv T cells; absorption with Cv T cells eliminated the reaction against Cv T while reducing cyt titres to Mv T lymphocytes. We conclude that the fetus produces lymphocytotoxic antibody specifically directed against maternal T lymphocytes, in addition to antibody against T lymphocytes of other adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Autoimmunity to endometrium and ovary in endometriosis.

Antibody titres to whole ovary, theca cells, granulosa cells and endometrium were determined by passive haemagglutination and immunofluorescence assays in sera and in cervical and vaginal secretions from 13 patients with endometriosis. Antibody titres to endometrium (mean log2 +/- s.e.m., 7.08 +/- 0.80; P less than 0.0001), ovary (3.58 +/- 0.87; P = 0.0092), theca cells (4.42 +/- 0.73; P less than 0.0001) and granulosa cells (3.33 +/- 0.63; P = 0.0024) were significantly higher in the patients' sera than in sera from 15 normal non-pregnant females. Antibody titres to granulosa cells were elevated (7.97 +/- 1.46; P = 0.0424) in their cervical secretions. Antibody titres to all tissues tested were similar in vaginal secretions of patients and controls. Immunofluorescent antibody assay of biopsied endometrial tissue and sera from the patients revealed the antibodies to be primarily IgG and IgA. The results suggest that autoantibodies to endometrium and ovary are present in patients with endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Plasma androgens, 17 beta-estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin in patients with hirsutism and/or clitoromegaly.

Plasma androgen, 17 beta-estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured in 11 normal subjects (group 1), 18 hirsute patients with no clitoromegaly (group 2), 13 hirsute patients with clitoromegaly (group 3), and 8 patients with clitoromegaly but no hirsutism (group 4). Significantly elevated levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were found in groups 2 and 3 but not in group 4 when compared with group 1. In contrast, levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in groups 1 and 2 were comparable but significantly lower than those in group 3 and 4; the levels in the latter two groups were not significantly different from each other. In groups 2, 3, and 4, levels of androstenedione (delta 4A) and the factor T/SHBG were significantly elevated whereas SHBG levels were significantly suppressed when compared with those of group 1. The clitoral index correlated (P less than 0.01) with DHEA levels in group 3. It is concluded that clitoromegaly without hirsutism is associated with increased plasma levels of DHEA and delta 4A. In contrast, hirsutism without clitoromegaly is associated with elevated levels of T, DHT, and delta 4A but normal DHEA levels.

Adolescent↗