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Biomedical subjects

P F Schofield

Publications and source records attributed to P F Schofield.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The microflora of the obstructed bowel.

A study of the alterations of intestinal microflora that occur in acute small and large bowel obstruction is presented. The results are discussed in relation to the duration of obstruction, the site of obstruction, the recovery following relief of obstruction and the septic complications which profoundly affect the prognosis of these common surgical emergencies.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

Is colostomy closure a hazardous procedure? A comparison of elemental diet and routine bowel preparation.

Morbidity after closure of a colostomy is low if a simple antiseptic technique of intraperitoneal closure is used. In 26 patients there was no example of major wound sepsis and only 2 faecal fistulas both of which rapidly closed spontaneously. A randomized study of preoperative bowel preparation incorporating an elemental diet showed no apparent advantage for this method using our criteria for assessment.

Colostomy↗
PubMed1976

Alterations in small-bowel microflora in acute intestinal obstruction.

Small-bowel content was examined bacteriologically whilst fresh and after storage for 24, 48, and 72 h in a modified Stuart's medium. There was little alteration in the viable count of individual intestinal organisms. For accurate quantitative analysis, 0-3 ml of intestinal content was enough. Specimens of small-bowel content were obtained by needle aspiration, and a qualitative and quantitative study was made of the microflora of patients with acute intestinal obstruction and of a control group of patients. Results in the control group confirmed the findings of the results of intubation studies by other workers, that a quantitative gradient of aerobic and anaerobic organisms exists from jejunum to distal ileum. In acute small-bowel obstruction and acute large-bowel obstruction there was a loss of the normal gradient and an increase in the absolute numbers of organisms present; this was particularly marked for anaerobic organisms in large-bowel obstruction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Abdominal tuberculosis in Britain.

A series of fifteen patients with abdominal tuberculosis, managed personally by two clinicians over a five-year period, is presented. These fall into three broad groups: tuberculous peritonitis, gastrointestinal tuberculosis and tuberculous hepatitis. In more than half of the patients the chest radiographs were normal and three patients had negative tuberculin reactions. In emphasizing the fact that abdominal tuberculosis is not longer a rarity in Britain, attention is drawn to the many different ways in which the disease may present. One patient in the series, who presented as a possible case of cholera, had duodeno-colic fistula (only the third proven case in the literature) and two other patients presented with jaundice due to hepatic tuberculosis, again a rare form of abdominal tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Leucocytotoxicity in malignant and non-malignant colonic diseases.

The survival of cells from five different cultures of allogeneic malignant colonic carcinoma, two from normal adult colonic epithelium and eight from foetal colonic epithelium in the presence of leucocytes from patients with neoplastic and inflammatory disorders of the colon has been compared. Cytotoxicity assessed by the reduction of the number of adherent target cells in microplate wells compared with those surviving in wells treated with tissue culture medium alone was observed with leucocytes from donors in all categories examined including those from individuals without any known abnormality. Patients with ulcerative colitis were the only group to reveal consistent reactivity against cultures derived from all three sources, an observation which may reflect sensitization to organ-related antigens in this disease. In contrast, leucocytes from patients with bowel neoplasia showed reactivity for cells derived from colon carcinoma tissue, which was comparable to that of healthy donors. Evidence for tumour-specific cytotoxicity was therefore lacking in this study. It is suggested that the detection of tumour-associated antigens on cultured cells may be limited by a number of factors of which the wide variation in reactivity among controls and unspecified nature of the target cells are likely to be of greatest importance.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗